PROGRAMMES D’APPROCHES INTEGREE ET GLOBALES D’ADAPTATION AUX CHANGEMENTS CLIMATIQUES (PACC)
ELABORATION OF A STRATEGY TO INTEGRATE TRAINING
ON ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE WITHIN THE
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF CAMEROON
FINAL REPORT
Your Ref.: 002/08/2001/TACC of 29/08/2011
Project No: 00072824
Yaoundé, January 2012
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS ii
LIST OF FIGURES vii
LIST OF TABLES xi
LIST OF APPENDICES xii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xiii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY xvi
RESUME xviii
1.0. INTRODUCTION xx
1.1. Definitions of Key Concepts xxi
1.1.1. Definition of climate change xxi
1.1.2- Causes and impacts of climate change xxii
1.1.3. Mitigation of climate change xxiii
1.1.4. Adaptation to climate change xxiii
1.2. General Background and Statement of Problem xxv
1.2.1. Background xxv
1.2.2. Monitoring xxvi
1.2.3. Need for Conceiving Adaptation Strategies in Africa and Cameroon in Particular xxvii
1.3 Objective xxviii
1.3.1 Main Objective xxviii
1.3.2. Specific objectives xxix
1.4 Rationale and justification xxix
2.0. STUDY AREA xxxiii
2.1. Location xxxiii
2.2. Geographic and agro-ecological description xxxiii
2.3. Administrative locations xxxvii
2.4. Distribution and list of sampled educational establishments xxxviii
3.0 METHOD OF STUDY xl
4.0 OUTCOMES AND RESULTS xlv
4.1 Existence of climate change knowledge and adaptation in the educational system of Cameroon xlv
4.1.1 Primary education xlv
4.1.1.1 Anglophone Primary Education xlv
4.1.1.2 For Francophone primary education xlix
4.1.2 For secondary education lxii
4.1.2.1 Anglophone secondary Education lxii
4.1.2.2 Francophone Secondary Education lxv
4.1.2.3. TECHNICAL EDUCATION (For both Anglophone and Francophone systems) lxix
4.1.2.4 Teacher Training Colleges lxxi
4.1.3 Tertiary Education System of Cameroon lxxi
4.1.3.1 University of Dschang lxxi
4.1.3.2 University of Buea lxxiii
4.1.3.3 UNIVERSITY OF YAOUNDE 1 lxxx
4.1.3.4. UNIVERSITY OF NGAOUNDERE lxxxi
4.1.3.4 UNIVERSITY OF MAROUA lxxxiv
4.1.3.5. UNIVERSITY OF YAOUNDE II lxxxvi
4.1.3.6 University of Douala lxxxvii
4.1.3.7 University of Bamenda lxxxviii
4.1.3.6. National advanced school of public works, Yaounde lxxxix
4.1.3.7 Université Evangélique du Cameroun (UEC) Bandjoun lxxxix
4.2. ANALYSES OF THE SYNTHESIS AND CURRENT STATUS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND ADAPTATION IN THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF CAMEROON xc
4.2.1. For primary education xc
4.2.2. For Secondary Education (General and Technical) xci
4.2.3. For Tertiary Education xciii
4.3 CHALLENGES AND PROBLEMS IN THE INTEGRATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND ADAPTATION IN THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF CAMEROON xciv
4.3.1 For Anglophone primary education system xciv
4.3.2. For general and technical education systems xciv
4.3.3. For tertiary education xcvi
4.3.4 Challenges and problems deduced specifically from respondents of questionnaires xcvi
4.4. SUGGESTED COURSES AND COURSE CONTENTS TO BE INTEGRATED INTO THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM xcix
4.4.1 For primary education xcix
4.4.2 For secondary education cv
4.4.3. For the Tertiary Education System cvii
A complete programme on climate change and adaptation for use in enriching courses during the integration of the subject into any level of the educational system has been presented in Table 9. Choices of topics/themes from this list can be used to design cross-cutting approaches for students irrespective of their field of study (Sciences, Arts, or Social Sciences). cviii
The resources used in the conception of the strategies and in the design of the courses/modules including pedagogic tools/materials, method of training, and other approaches of integrating climate change and adaptation into the tertiary level are presented in Appendix IV. These have been used to conceive three options of integrating climate change and adaptation into the tertiary level and special approaches for integration into teachers training colleges and institutions (ENS , ENSET) in both the Anglophone and Francophone systems. cviii
4.5 EXISTING AND SUGGESTED TOOLS AND MATERIALS TO BE INTEGRATED INTO THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM cxiv
4.5.1 For primary Education cxiv
4.5.2 For secondary education cxv
4.6 PROPOSED STRATEGIES FOR INTEGRATION OF COURSES AND COURSE CONTENT ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND ADAPTATION IN THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF CAMEROON cxvi
4.6.1 For primary education cxvii
4.6.2.For secondary education cxviii
4.6.3 For tertiary education cxxii
4.6.4 For teachers training colleges cxxiii
5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS cxxiv
6.0. REFERENCES cxxvi
7.0. APPENDICES cxxxi
APPENDIX 7.1 TERMS OF REFERENCE (ToR) OF THE STUDY cxxxi
APPENDICES 7.2: LIST OF PEOPLE AND INSTITUTIONS CONTACTED DURING THIS STUDY cxlvi
APPENDIX 7.3: COPIES OF QUESIONNAIRES ADMINISTERED IN THE STUDY clii
APPENDIX 7.4: SAMPLES OF EXISTING MODULES FOR TRAINING ON clxiii
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES TO CLIMATE CHANGE USED IN THIS STUDY clxiii
LIST OF ACRONYMS
AFC Alliance Franco Camerounaise
ANOVA Analysis of Variance
BMP Bachelors-Masters-PhD
CCNUCC Convention Cadre des Nations Unies sur les Changements
Climatiques
C3D Climate Change Capacity Development Project
CGCEB Cameroon General Certificate of Education Board
CH4 Methane
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
DD Divisional Delegates
ECM Education à la Citoyenne et Morales
ENIEG Ecole Normal d’Enseignement Générale
ENIET Ecole Normal d’Enseignement Technique
ENS Ecole Normale Supérieure
ENSET Ecole Normale Supérieure d’Enseignement Technique
FASA Faculté d’Agronomie et de Science d’Agricole (FASA)
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GHG Greenhouse Gas
GIS Geographic Information System
GIZ Geautomatiseerd Intergraal Zorgdossier (German Technical
Cooperation Agency)
HFCs Hydro flourocarbons
IGE Inspecteur Général d’Enseignement
IITA International Institute of Agriculture
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IRAD Institute de Recherches Agronomique pour le Développements
IRG International Resources Group
INP Inspecteur Nationale Pédagogique
LMD Licence-Masters-Doctorat
MINEDUB Ministère d’Education du Base
MINEDUC Ministère d’Education du Cameroun
MINEPDED Ministère d’Environnement et de Protection de la Nature et de Développement Durable
MINEPAT Ministère du Plan et d’Aménagement du Territoire
MINESEC Ministère d’Education Secondaire
MINESUP Ministère d’Enseignement Supérieur
MDGs Millennium Development Goals
NAP National Adaptation Programme
NF3 Nitrogen triflouride
NGO Non-Governmental Organizations
N2O Nitrous Oxide
NPI National Pedagogic Inspector
ONACC Observatoire National des Changements Climatiques
PACC Programme d’Adaptation aux Changements Climatiques
PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal
REPAR Reseau de Parliamentaires Pour la Gestion Durable des
Ecosystemes en Afrique Centrale
REDD Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation
RDE Regional Delegate of Education
RIE Regional Inspector of Education
SF6 Sulphur hexaflouride
SPSS Statistical Package for Social Sciences
STU Sciences de la Terre Unités
SVT Science de la Vie et de la Terre
UK United Kingdom
UNEP United Nations Environmental Programme
UNESCO United Nations Educational and Scientific Cooperation
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
UNICEF United Nations International Children Education Fund
USA United States of America
USAID United States Agency for International Development
WWF World Wildlife Fund
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