Equality Challenge Unit 1
Acknowledgments 1
Contact 2
Contents 3
Executive summary 7
The research 7
Survey responses 8
Case studies 10
The findings 10
Participation and access 11
Access 11
Data collection and consultation 11
Teaching and learning 12
Dietary matters 12
Alcohol 12
Accommodating religious observance 13
Prayer, worship, meditation and celebration 13
Religious dress and symbols 13
Discrimination and harassment 14
Levels of discrimination and harassment 14
Types of discrimination and harassment 14
Institutional responses 14
Good relations 15
Interactions between members of religion or belief groups 15
Tensions between different protected characteristics 15
Freedom of speech 15
Recommendations 16
Reflective questions 17
Participation and access 17
Religious observance 17
Discrimination and harassment 18
Good relations 18
1 Introduction 20
1.1 Background 20
1.2 Aims 22
1.2.1 Participation and access 23
1.2.2 Accommodating religious observance 23
1.2.3 Discrimination and harassment relating to religion or belief 23
1.2.4 Good relations 24
1.3 Methods 24
1.3.1 Participation in the fieldwork 25
1.3.2 Case studies 26
2 Participation and access 27
2.1 Data collection and consultation 27
2.1.1 Monitoring 27
2.1.2 Consultation 30
2.2 Teaching and learning 31
2.3 Dietary matters 35
2.4 Alcohol 39
2.4.1 Integration into university life 40
2.4.2 Ongoing use of alcohol 41
2.4.3 Limiting alcohol consumption 42
2.5 Summary 42
3 Religious observance 44
3.1 Prayer, worship, meditation and celebration 44
3.1.1 The institutional calendar, timetabling and examinations 44
3.1.2 Institutional endorsement of religion or belief 46
3.1.3 Facilities for worship 48
3.1.4 Religion or belief associations and societies 50
3.1.5 Celebrating religious festivals and holy days 51
3.2 Religious dress and symbols 52
3.2.1 Dress requirements 52
3.2.2 Religious symbols 53
3.2.3 Health and safety issues 54
3.2.4 Systems for photographic and electronic identification 55
3.3 Summary 56
4 Discrimination and harassment 57
4.1 Level of discrimination and harassment 57
4.1.1 Feeling valued 58
4.1.2 Levels of discrimination and harassment 58
4.2 Types of discrimination and harassment 61
4.2.1 Discrimination 61
4.2.2 Harassment 62
4.3 Institutional responses 64
4.3.1 Policy responses 64
4.3.2 Incident reporting 65
4.3.3 Sources of support 67
4.4 Summary 68
5 Good relations 70
5.1 Interactions between members of religion or belief groups 70
5.2 Tensions between different protected characteristics 71
5.3 Freedom of speech 73
5.3.1 Freedom of expression of religion and belief 76
5.4 Summary 79
6 Conclusions 80
References and resources 82
Appendix: Methodology 86
Stakeholder engagement 86
Literature review 86
National survey 86
Institutional case studies 88
Reporting 89
Over the past few decades, the religion or belief composition of students and staff in UK HEIs has diversified substantially. This process has been extended by a growth in the number of international students, who have brought an even broader range of religion or belief positions.