11For Men and Women (in all categories)
This survey is run by the University of York and Tadbeer, who have been contracted to write an evaluation of the Clustering Community Development Councils Pilot Programme by the Government of Afghanistan. Data gathered from the survey will be shared with the National Solidarity Programme (NSP) and other key partners. However, each survey is fully anonymous. Your names and personal details will not be recorded. Your identities will remain anonymous.
You have the full right to withdraw your participation from this survey at any time. Should you require any further details about the evaluation or the process, please ask one of our researchers.
Thank you for your participation.
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Over the last ten years, has your community changed socially or economically?
Or has it stayed the same?
Please give examples and explanations for your answers.
Please note that the questions below refer to ALL projects in the community
NOT just CCDC or CDC projects.
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a. How many development projects have been implemented in your community over the last ten years?
b. Please list any projects you can think of -- including the name of the funder, if possible.
c. How many of these projects are still in use?
d. Why do you think that some are still in use?
e. Why do you thinks that some are no longer in use?
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a. What kind of impacts have these projects had on you and your family?
(Please provide examples)
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a. What kind of impacts have these projects had on your village?
(Please provide examples)
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Were any of these projects funded by NSP? If yes, please specify.
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Over the last 10 years, has life become more or less secure in your community? Or has it stayed the same? Please give a reasons for your answer.
We are now going to turn our attention specifically to the CDCC project(s) in this area
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What was the process by which the CCDC project decided?
Note to Researcher: explore the community relations and decision-making dynamics, e.g. inclusiveness, transparency, support, influence of the powerful community members, etc..
Examples of Prompting Questions: Who was involved? Was anyone excluded? Were there other projects that people wanted to have funded? What were they?
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a. Was there complete agreement in the community on the choice of the CCDC project?
b. If there were disagreements of the choice of project, how were they addressed?
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a. Who has benefitted from this project? Tell me stories of how have they benefitted?
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Note to Researcher: Listen for – and expore – any references to direct or indirect impacts on
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Social cohesion
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Socio-economic welfare, and
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Local governance.
b Has anyone NOT benefitted from the project?
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Does the CCDC project ever present challenges to you, your family or the larger communities?
If yes, could you please provide examples of these challenges and how they were addressed?
Note to Researcher: All projects have a range of different impacts – short-term/ long-term, direct/indirect. In this question, we are trying to identify and explore where the CCDC project might have negative impacts - for example, where it increased community tensions over the sharing of project benefits.
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a. How often are you consulted by the CDC?
b. Do the CDC provide you with regular updates on their work? – if so, how do they update you?
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Are there traditional leaders on the CCDC? If so, how do traditional leadership responsibilities affect their roles in CCDC?
Note to Researcher: In this question, we are interested in exploring how the different kinds of authorities in a community interact and affect the management and impacts of the CCDC. Listen closely to the answers and stories of repondants in order to determine how the management and decision-making structure of the CCDC may be influenced by, or interact with, or overlap with, other authority structures in the area.
Do you know if women are included in the work of the CDC or CCDC?
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If so, please could you describe their role?
14. a. Are women generally included in decision-making processes in your community when it comes to planning or implementing development projects?
b. If yes, please could you describe their level of involvement?
15. a. Would you like to see women’s participation increased?
b. IF YES, how do you think women’s participation could be increased?
c. IF NO, why do you think women’s participation should not be increased?
16. Is there any other information that you would like to share with us about the CCDC?
Thank you for your time
APPENDIX F: Community Observation Sheet
To be completed by the researchers in each community upon departure, without participation from the CDCs/CCDCs or communities.
Community /Village Name:
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Location/District:
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Province:
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Dates Visited:
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Demographics:
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What would you say is the demographic composition of the community, in terms of religious, ethnic and tribal identity?
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Is the population nomadic or static? What is the main source of income?
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What is the population density? Is this increasing or decreasing?
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Are there IDPs in the community? If so, would you say that these IDPs constitute a large percentage of the population?
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Situation:
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What is the general condition of the community environment? Please comment on water supply and cleanliness, availability of fertile land, air quality, etc.
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What natural resources exist? What condition are they in? Who has access to them?
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Do people carry weapons in the street? What is your impression of the level of safety in the community? Have there been any recent security incidents?
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Data Collection:
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Did you encounter any challenges in collecting the data from this community? If so, please list these.
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Were these challenges overcome? If yes, how? If no, do you think that they have impacted upon the quality/reliability of the data?
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Do you think you succeeded in gathering a representative sample group for community focus group discussions and CDC surveys? If not, who was excluded?
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Did all participants included in surveys and discussions contribute to the conversation?
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Are there any additional issues or concerns that you would like the Tadbeer-PRDU Team to be aware of?
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Other Notes:
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APPENDIX G: Key Stakeholder Interview Schedule
1. Position and Role
What is your current position and what are your main responsibilities?
2. General
When, how and why did clustering first occur?
What are the main strengths, benefits or advantages of the clustering model, especially in terms of its central aim of reducing poverty?
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Evidence of development/poverty reduction? How measured?
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Short or long term; direct or indirect; intended or unintended?
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What are the benefits of CCDCs over CDCs?
Are there any notable weaknesses or negative effects of clustering?
3. Situational factors
What pre-existing factors do you think serve to determine the relative success or effectiveness of CCDCs?
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Economic situation; tribal/ethnic homogeneity; geographical.
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Benefitted from NSP for longer?
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Spontaneous or formal created CCDCs more successful?
How can you distinguish between outcomes generated by CCDC interventions and those the result of other development programmes?
How would you describe the nature of the relationship of CCDC with other development initiatives/actors? [coherence, complementary[.
Is the relative security context of different areas an important factor in determining the success or otherwise of CCDC interventions?
4. Design issues
How were the formalised guidelines for clustering developed? [By whom? Based on what principles, lessons, other cases?]
Is the current design of the CCDC modality as presented in the OM fit for purpose in your opinion? Need for changes in certain areas?
Is there a chance formalization potentially undermines/stifles more natural and spontaneous clustering?
Is the current design flexible enough to apply to different contexts?
Are there sufficient avenues to incorporate changes in CCDC guidelines based on feedback from communities/FPs, etc?
Is the role of FP in clustering sufficiently clear? Have you encountered any problems in this respect?
5. Governance for development
Do you think the pilot has enabled communities to better work together and work for their collective benefit? [Examples?]
Do you think CCDCs played an independent role in that respect or did this occur in tandem with existing customary laws/norms?
Has the existence of CCDCs impacted on leadership dynamics in target communities?
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What is the relationship of CCDCs with existing institutions?
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CCDC taken on roles traditionally fulfilled by other institutions?
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Decision-making still dominated by powerful stakeholders?
6. Cohesion
Have CCDCs contributed to generating greater solidarity between neighbouring communities (or other non-CCDC communities)?
Have they helped ameliorate inter-ethnic tensions/conflict between communities? Examples?
Does the fact that decision-making within CCDCs occurs at a higher level potentially undermine accountability mechanisms, democratic voice, etc?
How would you describe the relationship of CCDCs to official district level or provincial level structures/authorities?
Do you think CCDCs could ever be in a position to work with other authorities responsible for the management of natural resources to ensure they are managed for the collective benefit?
7. Gender and vulnerable groups
Have CCDCs contributed to greater/improved women’s empowerment within communities? If so, how?
Has clustering had positive outcomes with respect to other vulnerable groups (minorities, returnees, disabled, etc)? Why?
8. Looking forward
How do you think the CCDC concept should be taken forward?
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Is it something you feel should be actively promoted/pushed?
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Gradualism or rapid roll-out?
What do you think will be the effect of the new law (formalization of CDCs) on clustering?
Do you foresee significant risks in scaling up the CCDC modality?
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Legal, financial, administrative.
What do you think might be the impact of wider developments such as the international drawdown?
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Potential drying up of funds.
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Worsening security situation.
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Possible to isolate NSP/CCDC from these trends?
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