etc.
Citizen has a Responsibility Not to Vote Poorly JMR
Brennan, Jason. Polluting the Polls When Citizens should Not Vote Australasian
Journal of Philosophy. Dec. 2009. Pg 538.
In some elections, it will be difficult even for highly educated experts to judge the expected consequences of electing one candidate over another. Judging candidates comparative merits is often, but not always, difficult even for experts. Provided that the evidence shows that each candidate is likely to be on the whole good rather than harmful, then well-informed, adequately rational, just voters can be said to vote well regardless of which candidate they select. The claim that voters ought not to vote badly does not imply the stronger claim that they must vote only for the most optimal candidate.
The most common forms of bad voting are voting 1) from immoral beliefs, 2) from ignorance, orb b) from epistemic irrationality and bias.
As proven in the three previous pieces of evidence when citizens are forced to vote, oftentimes they vote
ignorantly or from epistemic irrationally and bias, which Brennan defines as bad voting and argues
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