Gonzaga Debate Institute 2011 Gemini Landsats Neg
AT: Genocide – Natives – Impact – Genocide/Relocation
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- AT: Surveillance – Landsats Unreliable
AT: Genocide – Natives – Impact – Genocide/RelocationGIS used to force relocation of indigenous people Madsen 94 (Wayne, Lead Sci, Comp Sci Corp, spatial.maine.edu/~onsrud/tempe/madsen, DA 7/7/11, OST) GIS data may have been instrumental in locating petroleum reserves in the southern Mexican state of Chiapas in the 1970s. The Mexican state oil company, PEMEX, quickly forced native Mayans off their land. Oil production also brought other development projects in Chiapas. Two dams were built along the Grijalva River in Chiapas, flooding Mayan land. Road construction to accommodate the oil industry resulted in the influx of non-Mayan farmers. This resulted in yet other native land being commandeered for deforestation and cattle ranching (Cancian and Brown, 1994, 23). In January 1994, the Mayan Indians, squeezed into small parcels of unproductive land, revolted against the Mexican government. 1994 heralded Mexico's entry into the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The Mayans' Zapatista National Liberation Front saw NAFTA differently. "NAFTA is the death certificate for the indigenous peoples of Mexico," thundered one Zapatista commander (Nations, 1994, 33). The Mayans resented the role the World Bank played in the loss of their lands in the 1970s and 1980s. Free access for American mega-businesses, armed with tools like GIS reconnaissance, was a potential fatal blow for the Mayans. The Mayan revolt was bloody and the Mexican government was forced into negotiations with the Zapatistas. Satellite imaging leads to exploitation of native lands and genocide Madsen 94 (Wayne, Lead Sci, Comp Sci Corp, spatial.maine.edu/~onsrud/tempe/madsen, DA 7/7/11, OST) Large multinational firms using local and central government proxies have used GIS data to define lands to be targeted for exploitation. Not only has this had a negative ecological impact but the native peoples have suffered by being forcibly evicted from their lands either into unfamiliar urban settings or unproductive lands. Other groups have faced cultural assimilation from central governments eager to wipe out any notion that some groups have of being bonded to their land. In yet other cases, native groups have been the victims of extermination through genocide. International legal regimes should take into account the right of indigenous peoples to be let alone, i.e., a right to collective privacy. Africans, for example, are said to be communally-oriented and not as individualistic as Westerners. The traditions of the Amharas of Ethiopia include strictures against depriving peasants of their land. Kings and chiefs are also required to share their wealth with their subjects (Howard, 1990, 163). Establishing a modern legal baseline for protecting indigenous lands from wrongful exploitation and sharing the wealth when indigenous lands are developed will enable indigenous groups to advance their legal rights to their lands and resources to the highest levels of international bodies, including the World Court and World Bank. AT: Surveillance – Landsats UnreliableRemote sensing satellites are unreliable—depend on clear weather Fingas & Brown 2 (MF & CE, Emergencies Science and Technology researchers, environment Canada, 5/22, http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/spills/response/taskforce/Veridian%20Miami%20Fingas.pdf, accessed 7-4-11, CH) There are several problems associated with relying on satellite imagery, especially in the visible spectrum, for oil spill remote sensing. The first is the timing and frequency of overpasses and the absolute need for clear skies to perform optical work. The chances of the overpass and the clear skies occurring at the same time give a very low probability of seeing a spill on a satellite image. This point is well illustrated in the case of the EXXON VALDEZ spill. Although the spill covered vast amounts of ocean for over a month, there was only one clear day (April 7, 1989) that coincided with a satellite overpass. Another disadvantage of satellite remote sensing is the difficulty in developing algorithms to highlight the oil slicks and the long time required to do so. For the EXXON VALDEZ spill, it took over two months before the first group managed to “see” the oil slick in the satellite imagery, although its location was precisely known. Imaging fails, usually obscured by atmosphere Davenport et al 00 (Michael, Hans Wen, Ian Burke, Deputy Head of Mission Embassy of the United Kingdom to the Arab Republic of Egypt, 7/31, NATO Research & Technology Organization, http://ftp.rta.nato.int/public//PubFulltext/AGARD/CP/AGARD-CP-594///28SE5-25.pdf, accessed 7-4-11, CH) Visual imagery is often partially obscured or discolored by atmospheric effects such as haze, smoke, absorption, or back- scattering. The goal of radiometric calibration algorithms is to modify the color of an image so that it looks, as much as possible, as it would if the sensor was ideal and there was no air between the landscape and the sensor. This cannot, in general, be achieved precisely unless radiometric control points (places on the ground with well-known spectra) are available. Status quo intelligence satellites solves better—Landsat is low resolution Best & Elsea 8 (Richard & Jennifer, Specialist in National defense & Legislative Attorney, CRS Report for Congress, 3/21, http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34421_20080321.pdf, accessed 7-4-11, CH) Although the precise capabilities of intelligence satellites is classified, they are known to have greater resolution than anything available in commercial markets, such as Google Earth, SPOT, or Landsat. Their usefulness would appear to be unquestionable for map-making and related civilian uses. Satellite information has continued to have important civil applications in such disparate areas as the movement of glaciers in Yakutat Bay in Alaska, forest fires in Montana, and near Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines. They are regularly relied on to provide coverage of environmental events. Information from intelligence satellites supplements other sources of overhead imagery available to government agencies — from NASA satellites, commercial satellites, or from manned aircraft or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) Directory: files files -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 files -> Integer programming and game theory files -> 4 Integer Programming files -> Bpa vehicle Window Repair Scenario #1 task: Procure vehicle window relacement. Objective files -> Pop Warner History files -> North Carolina Inclusion Initiative Mapping Where Children with ieps are Being Served Purpose files -> Fall 2013 Spring 2014 Program Data: Standard 1 Exhibit 4d files -> Hanban – asia society confucius classrooms network 2010 request for proposal files -> Northern England’s set-jetting locations Download 0.58 Mb. Share with your friends:
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