Optional:
(76 pages) Daniel Yergin, The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power, 2008, Chapter 24 - pp. 461-480; Excerpts from Chapters 25-27 - pp. 498-511; Chapter 29 - pp. 570-594; Chapter 33 - pp. 658-680, 726-749.
(63 pages) Anna Rubino, Queen of the Oil Club: The Intrepid Wanda Jablonski and the Power of Information (Boston: Beacon Press), 2008, pp. 135-198.
Class 13: Monday, March 9
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Topic: Russia and Europe
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Assignment: Memo Option 3, due 9pm the night before class
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Required:
(15 pages) Pierre Noel, “European Gas Supply Security: Unfinished Business” in Jan H. Kalicki and David L. Goldwyn (eds.), Energy and Security: Strategies for a World in Transition (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013), Chapter 7 – pp. 169-183.
(14 pages) Gustafson, Thane. “Putin’s Petroleum Problem,” Foreign Affairs. Nov/Dec2012, Vol. 91 Issue 6, pp. 83-96.
(29 pages) Michael Ratners, et al, “Europe’s Energy Security: Options and Challenges to Natural Gas Supply Diversification,” Congressional Research Service, 20-AUG-2013. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42405.pdf
(5 pages) Keith Johnson, “Putin’s Gas Gambit Backfires,” Foreign Policy, 12-DEC-2013 http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/12/12/putins_gas_gambit_backfires
Optional:
(15 pages) Pierre Noel, “European Gas Supply Security: Unfinished Business” in Jan H. Kalicki and David L. Goldwyn (eds.), Energy and Security: Strategies for a World in Transition (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013), Chapter 7 – pp. 169-183.
(10 pages) James Henderson, “Tight Oil Developments in Russia,” Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, WPM 52, OCT-2013, pp. 1-7, 20-21
http://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/WPM-52.pdf
(14 pages) James Henderson and Patrick Heather, “Lessons from the February 2012 European Gas “Crisis,” Oxford Institute for Energy Studies: Energy Comment, April 2012, pp. 1-14. http://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Lessons-from-the-February-2012-gas-crisis.pdf
(17 pages) Ariel Cohen, “Russia: The Flawed Energy Superpower,” in Gal Luft and Anne Korin (eds.), Energy Security Challenges for the 21st Century, (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2009), Chapter 7 - pp. 91-108.
(18 pages) Ariel Cohen, “Energy Security in the Caspian Basin,” in Gal Luft and Anne Korin (eds.), Energy Security Challenges for the 21st Century, (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2009), Chapter 8 - pp. 109-127.
(15 pages) Kevin Rosner, “The European Union: On Energy, Disunity,” in Gal Luft and Anne Korin (eds.), Energy Security Challenges for the 21st Century, (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2009), Chapter 11 - pp. 160-175.
Class 14: Wednesday, March 11
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Topic: The Geopolitical Implications of Iraq’s National Energy Strategy, a Case Study
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Assignment: Memo Option 4: Write a Memo to the Iraqi National Security Advisor giving him advice on how Baghdad might overcome its dispute with the Kurds over oil revenues.
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Required:
(38 pages) Sean Kane, “Iraq’s Oil Politics: Where Agreement Might Be Found,”U.S. Institute of Peace, 2010. http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/iraq_oil_pw64.pdf
(14 pages) J. Robinson West and Raad Alkadiri, “Iraq, Iran, and the Gulf Region,” in Jan H. Kalicki and David L. Goldwyn (eds.), Energy and Security: Strategies for a World in Transition (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013), Chapter 10.
(22 pages) “Iraq Energy Outlook,” International Energy Agency, 2012, pp. 107-128
http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/WEO_2012_Iraq_Energy_OutlookFINAL.pdf
Those writing the memo will want to consult IraqOilReport and Al Monitor Iraq Pulse for up to date information.
Optional:
(38 pages) CASE Meghan L. O’Sullivan, “Iraq: Translating Underground Wealth Into Power and Prosperity” (Geopolitics of Energy Case #1), Harvard Kennedy School of Government, 2011, (on course page).
(2 pages) “Iraq Embraces China’s growing Oil Dominance,” Reuters, 30-OCT-2013
http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/10/30/iraq-oil-china-idUSL5N0IK25420131030
(3 pages) Ben Van Heuvelen, “Iraq’s Kurdish Region Pursues Ties with Turkey – for Energy Revenue and Independence,” Washington Post, 09-NOV-2013
http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/iraqs-kurdish-region-pursues-ties-with-turkey--for-oil-and-independence/2013/11/09/ffae210a-41a5-11e3-8b74-d89d714ca4dd_story.html
(1 page) Alex Lawler and Peg Mackey, “Iran, Iraq Put OPEC on Notice of Big Oil Increases,” Reuters, 03-DEC-2013
http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/12/03/opec-iran-idUSL5N0JI32X20131203
(54 pages) Robert Ebel, Geopolitics and Energy in Iraq: Where Politics Rule, CSIS Report, 5 August 2010, pp. 1-54. http://csis.org/files/publication/I00730_Ebel_IraqGeopolitics_Web.pdf
March 16-20: Spring Break
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UNIT 4: ENERGY AS AN END TO FOREIGN POLICY AND SECURITY STRATEGIES:
The Use of Power to Protect and Secure Energy
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Class 15: Monday, March 23
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Guest Speaker
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Class 16: Wednesday, March 25
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Topic: The Geopolitical Implications of Pakistan’s National Energy Strategy
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Assignment: Post-exercise task, read case and be prepared to discuss
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Required:
CASE (10 pages) Francisco Aguilar, “Meeting Pakistan’s Energy Needs,” Case Prepared for IGA 412, Harvard Kennedy School of Government, October 2011. (10 pages). Read and examine the accompanying spread sheet. Think about possible solutions to this case for you to propose/discuss in small groups in class. (Material on course page.)
(19 pages) Elizabeth Mills, Pakistan’s Energy Crisis, U.S. Institute of Peace, June 2012, pp. 4-23. http://www.usip.org/files/resources/PW79_Pakistans_Energy_Crisis.pdf
(7 pages) Michael Kugelman, “Pakistan’s Energy Crisis: From Conundrum to Catastrophe?” The National Bureau of Asian Research, 13-MAR-2013.
http://www.nbr.org/downloads/pdfs/eta/Kugelman_commentary_03132013.pdf
(6 pages) Muhammad Umair Shah, “Pakistan’s Struggle for LNG,” Journal of Energy Security, NOV-2012.
http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=392:pakisstans-struggle-for-lng&catid=130:issue-content&Itemid=405
(7 pages) Asif Faiz, “The Political Economy of Pakistan’s National Energy Policy,” Atlantic Council, 26-AUG-2013.
(2 pages) “Energy Starved Pakistan Eyes Solar Power,” Agence France Press, 26 March 2012. http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iQqyeNGf_uL2m4W-XHuCkHeBfBuw?docId=CNG.e90177df7bc765b1d1b36a47bff406c5.411
Optional:
(1 page) Associated Press, “Iran Cancels Pakistan Gas Pipeline Loan,” Washington Post, 14-DEC-2013
http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/iran-cancels-pakistan-gas-pipeline-loan/2013/12/14/8ff1078e-64bd-11e3-af0d-4bb80d704888_story.html
(3 pages) “Long, Hot, Summer,” The Economist, 08-JUL-2013
http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21579059-first-task-pakistans-new-prime-minister-keep-lights-long-hot-summer
(2 pages) Rebecca Santana, “Pakistan’s Power Shortage Problem Is Country’s Biggest Threat,” Huffington Post, 15-JUN-2013
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/15/pakistan-power-shortage_n_3447599.html
(1 page) Krista Mahr, “Pakistan’s Struggle for Power,” Time, 09-OCT-13
http://world.time.com/2013/10/09/pakistans-struggle-for-power/
(3 pages) Isobel Coleman, “Challenges for Pakistan’s Prime Minister,” Council on Foreign Relations, 24-MAY-2013
http://blogs.cfr.org/coleman/2013/05/24/challenges-for-pakistans-prime-minister/
(28 pages) Robert Hathaway, Bhumika Muchhala, and Michael Kugelman, Fueling the Future: Meeting Pakistan’s Energy Needs in the 21st Century, Woodrow Wilson Center, 2007, pp. 17-34 and pp. 93-104. http://wilsoncenter.org/topics/pubs/Asia_FuelingtheFuture_rptmain.pdf
(9 pages) Haider Ali Hussein Mullick, “The Iran-Pakistan-India Pipeline: Economics, Geopolitics, and Security, Pakistan Security Research Unit Brief No. 36, 11 June 2008. http://haidermullick.com/Documents/Mullick%20PSRU%20IPI%20Brief+36.pdf
(15 pages) Ariel Cohen, Lisa Curtis, and Owen Graham “The Proposed Iran-Pakistan-India Gas Pipeline: An Unacceptable Risk to Regional Security,” Heritage Foundation Backgrounder, No: 2139, May 2008. http://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2008/05/The-Proposed-Iran-Pakistan-India-Gas-Pipeline-An-Unacceptable-Risk-to-Regional-Security
Class 17: Monday, March 30
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Topic: Resource Mercantilism; China in Africa
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Assignment: Memo Option 5, due 9pm the night before class
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Required:
CASE (2 pages) Meghan L. O’Sullivan, “How to Respond to Chinese Energy Activities in Africa,” Geopolitics of Energy Case #5, April 2012. (Posted on course page.) Read the case and be prepared to discuss the questions posed in detail in class.
(3 pages) “Africa and China: This house [The Economist] believes that China’s growing involvement in Africa is to be welcomed”, The Economist debates, 27 August 2011. (Read opening remarks from The Economist’s moderator, professor Calestous Juma and professor George Ayittey) http://www.economist.com/debate/overview/165
(24 pages) Bo Kong, China’s International Petroleum Policy (Praeger: Santa Barbara, 2010), Chapter 5 - pp. 116-140.
(6 pages) Alessi, Christopher, and Stephanie Hanson. "Expanding China-Africa Oil Ties." Council on Foreign Relations. Feb 2012.
http://www.cfr.org/china/expanding-china-africa-oil-ties/p9557
(13 pages) Witney Schneidman, “A Trilateral Dialogue on the United States, Africa and China,” Brookings Institution, 2013.
http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Research/Files/Reports/2013/08/us%20africa%20china%20trilateral%20dialogue/All%20Trade%20Papers.pdf
Optional:
(3 pages) “More than Minerals,” The Economist, 23-MAR-2013
http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21574012-chinese-trade-africa-keeps-growing-fears-neocolonialism-are-overdone-more
(9 pages) Don Yamamoto, “Assessing China’s Role and Influence in Africa,” Testimony Before the House Foreign Affairs Committee Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, and Human Rights, 29 March 2012. http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/HHRG-112-FA16-WState-YamamotoD-20120329.pdf
(8 pages) David Shinn, “Assessing China’s Role and Influence in Africa,” Testimony Before the House Foreign Affairs Committee Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, and Human Rights, 29 March 2012. http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/HHRG-112-FA16-WState-ShinnD-20120329.pdf
(9 pages) Guy C.K Leung, “China's energy security: Perception and reality,” Energy Policy, 2011, pp. 1330-1337. http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/science/article/pii/S0301421510008864
(26 pages) David L. Goldwyn, “Squaring the U.S.-Africa-China Energy Triangle: The Path from Competition to Cooperation,” in Gal Luft and Anne Korin (eds.), Energy Security Challenges for the 21st Century (Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger Security International), 2009, Chapter 15 - pp. 233-249.
(2 pages) Matthew Acocella, “What an energy-hogging China may mean for the U.S. and global politics,” Foreign Policy blog, 28 July 2010. http://ricks.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2010/07/28/what_an_energy_hogging_china_may_mean_for_the_us_and_global_politics
Class 18: Wednesday, April 1
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Topic: China’s Rise and Thirst for Energy: Is great power conflict inevitable?
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Assignment: Take a Position Option 5, due 9pm the night before class
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Required:
(19 pages) Daniel Yergin, “Chapter 9: China’s Rise” The Quest: Energy, Security, and the Remaking of the Modern World, (New York: Penguin Press), 2011, pp. 189-208.
(11 pages) Christopher J. Fettweis, “No Blood for Oil: Why Resource Wars Are Obsolete,” in Gal Luft and Anne Korin (eds.), Energy Security Challenges for the 21st Century (Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger Security International), 2009, Chapter 5 - pp. 66-77.
(21 pages) Michael Klare, “There Will Be Blood: Political Violence, Regional Warfare, and the Risk of Great Power Conflict,” in Gal Luft and Anne Korin (eds.), Energy Security Challenges for the 21st Century (Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger Security International), 2009, Chapter 4 - pp. 44-65.
Optional:
(15 pages) Oystein Noreng “Global Resource Scramble and New Energy Frontiers,” in Andreas Goldthau (eds.), The Handbook of Global Energy Policy (John Wiley & Sons, 2013), Chapter 10 – pp. 159-173.
(12 pages) Alvin Lin, Fuqiang Yang, and Jason Portner, “Global Energy Policy: A View from China” in Andreas Goldthau (ed.), The Handbook of Global Energy Policy (John Wiley & Sons, 2013), Chapter 23 – pp. 393-404.
(17 pages) Amy Myer Jaffe and Kenneth B. Medlock III, “China, India, and Asian Energy” in Jan H. Kalicki and David L. Goldwyn (eds.), Energy and Security: Strategies for a World in Transition (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013), Chapter 13 – pp. 283-299.
(2 pages) Gal Luft & Yaron Varona, “China’s Rare Earth Monopoly,” Journal of Energy Security, December 2010.
http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=272:chinas-rare-earth-monopoly&catid=112:energysecuritycontent&Itemid=367
(8 pages) “Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2013,” Office of the Secretary of Defense, 2013, pp. 15-22. http://www.defense.gov/pubs/2013_china_report_final.pdf
(4 pages) Henry Philippens, “Fueling China’s Maritime Modernization: The Need to Guarantee Energy Security,” Journal of Energy Security, December 2011, pp. (http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=332:fueling-chinas-maritime-modernization-the-need-to-guarantee-energy-security&catid=121:contentenergysecurity1111&Itemid=386).
(34 pages) “Stirring Up the South China Sea: Regional Responses,” International Crisis Group Asia Report No. 229, July 2012, pp. 1-34. http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/asia/north-east-asia/229-stirring-up-the-south-china-sea-ii-regional-responses
(2 pages) Gal Luft, “What does America’s Shale Gas Revolution Mean for China?” Journal of Energy Security, AUG-2013.
http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=452:what-does-americas-shale-gas-revolution-mean-for-china&catid=137:issue-content&Itemid=422
(6 pages) Damien Ma, “China’s Search for a New Energy Strategy: Time to Liberalize Energy Prices,” Foreign Affairs, 04-JUN-2013. http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/139425/damien-ma/chinas-search-for-a-new-energy-strategy
Class 18: Monday, April 6
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Topic: The United States in the Gulf
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Assignment: Policy Memo Option 6, due 9pm the night before class
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Required:
(12 pages) Daniel Yergin, The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power, chapter 37, “Crisis in the Gulf,” Chapter 37 - pp. 750-762.
(25 pages) Charles L. Glaser, “How Oil Influences U.S. National Security,” International Security, Fall 2013, Vol. 38, No. 2, Pages 112-146.
(13 pages) Michael O’Hanlon, “How Much Does the United States Spend Protecting Persian Gulf Oil?,” in Carlos Pascual and Evie Zambetakis (eds), Energy Security: Economics, Politics, Strategies and Implications, (Washington DC: Brookings, 2010), Chapter 3 - pp. 59-72.
(7 pages) Anthony H. Cordesman, “American Strategy and US ‘Energy Independence’” Center for Strategic and International Studies, 21-OCT-2013. http://csis.org/files/publication/131021_AmericanStrat_EnergyIndependence.pdf
(2 pages) Rachel Bronson, “Review: America’s Oil Wars,” International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 38, No. 4 (Nov., 2006), pp. 617-618.
Optional:
(3 pages) Anna Nadgrodkiewiz, “Review: America’s Appetite for Oil: The Past, Present, and a Bumpy Road Ahead,” The Review of Politics, Vol. 68, No. 3, pp. 538-541.
(2 pages) Jon B. Altman, “What should the Middle East Expect from the United States and its Allies?” Center for Strategic and International Studies, Global Forecast 2014
http://csis.org/files/publication/131109_gf14_alterman.pdf
(4 pages) Loren Thompson, “What Happens When America No Longer Needs Middle East Oil?” Forbes. 3-DEC-2012. http://www.forbes.com/sites/lorenthompson/2012/12/03/what-happens-when-america-no-longer-needs-middle-east-oil/
(4 pages) Steve Coll, Private Empire: Exxon Mobil and American Power, (London: Penguin Books) 2012, First 4 pages of Chapter 11 - pp. 227-230.
(12 pages) Daniel Yergin, The Quest: Energy, Security, and the Remaking of the Modern World, (New York: Penguin Press), 2011, First 12 pages from Chapter 7 - pp. 141-153.
(4 pages) Steven Mufson, “A Crude Case for War?” The Washington Post, 16 March 2008. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/03/14/AR2008031403677_pf.html
(11 pages) Michael T. Klare. "Petroleum Anxiety and militarization," in Daniel Moran and James Russell (eds.), Energy Security and Global Politics: the Militarization of Resource Management, (New York: Routledge, 2009), Excerpt from Chapter 2 - pp. 46-57.
(15 pages) Lawrence Korb and Ian Moss, Moving Beyond the Carter Doctrine: Rethinking the U.S. Military Presence in the Persian Gulf, The Century Foundation, 2008, pp. 3-17. http://tcf.org/events/pdfs/ev232/korb.pdf/++atfield++file
UNIT 5: ALTERNATIVE, RENEWABLE, AND NEW ENERGY AND GEOPOLITICS
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Class 20: Wednesday, April 8
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Topic: National Security, the Unconventional Revolution, and Climate Change
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Required:
(13 pages) Michael Levi, “Energy, Environment, and Climate: Framework and Tradeoffs,” in Jan H. Kalicki and David L. Goldwyn (eds.), Energy and Security: Strategies for a World in Transition (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013), Chapter 21 pp. 483-495.
(14 pages) Leon Fuerth, “National Security, Energy, Climate Change: New Paradigm; New Strategy; New Governance,” in Jan H. Kalicki and David L. Goldwyn (eds.), Energy and Security: Strategies for a World in Transition (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013), Chapter 22 pp. 499-512.
(12 pages) Fariborz Zelli, et al. “Global Climate Governance and Energy Choices,” in Andreas Goldthau (ed.), The Handbook of Global Energy Policy (John Wiley & Sons, 2013), Chapter 23 – pp 340-353.
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