Industry and Population

-Tobacco was prominent in the West

-Population of U.S. doubled every 25 years during the 1800’s

-1850’s- Millions of Germans and Irish immigrate to the U.S.

-Sewage Systems- created as a result of increasing city populations

-U.S. was destined for industry- Cheap land and lots of consumers

-New England was primarily made up of textile factories because it had poor soil

-Embargo Act of 1812- encouraged home manufacturing

-1860’s had 28,000 new patents up from 300 in 1800

-Limited Liability- can’t lose more than you invest- stimulated the economy

-50% of workers were children

-Adult working conditions were improved in the 1820’s and 1830’s

-1840’s – President Van Buren establishes 10 hour work days for federal employees

-Labor Unions started to form around the 1830’s but suffered during the Panic of 1837

-Commonwealth vs. Hunt- legalized unions for peaceful and honorable protest

-South- cotton was 50% of exports

-North- mostly wheat with England and textiles

-Divison of labor in each region accounted for each region’s specialization in a certain product

-South- cotton to New England

-West- grain and livestock

-East- machines, textiles for South and West
Vocab

-Black Forties- 1840’s when millions of Irish immigrated to the U.S. (NYC and Boston) due to a famine in Ireland

-Nativists- old Americans who hated new comers

-Know Nothing Party- anti catholic nativists who wanted to keep new comers out

-Elias Howe and Isaac Singer- Sewing machine

-Samuel Morse- Telegraph

-Samuel Slater- Father of Factory System- memorized textile machine and brought it to U.S.

-Eli Whitney- cotton gin

-John Deere- steel plow that cut through hard soil

-Cyrus McCormick- invented the mechanical mower-reaper to harvest grain

-Robert Fulton- invented the 1^st steamboat, the Clermont

-Cyrus Field- laid a transatlantic cable in 1866 from U.S. to Europe

-Donald Mckay – clipper ships- faster boats

-Pony Express- carried messages 2,000 miles in 10 days

-eventually replaced by the telegraph wire

-Lancaster Turnpike- a hard road from Philly to Lancaster, PA that brought economic expansion westward

-Cumberland Road aka The National Road- Maryland to Illinois- with state and Fed money

-Steamboat increased U.S. trade

-“Clinton’s Big Ditch”- Erie Canal- Lake Erie to the Hudson River

-shortened the expense and time of transportation between cities along the canal

-1^st Railroad in the U.S. was introduced in 1828 but by 1860 there were 30,000 miles of tracks

-Steamboats connected the south to the west

-More canals allow for more trade from the east to the west

-New York became the new hub for trade due to the Erie Canal

-1750- Industrial Revolution begins

-1791- Samuel Slater builds first U.S. textile factory

-1793- Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin

-1798- Whitney develops interchangeable parts for muskets

-1807- Robert Fulton’s first steamboat Embargo spurs American manufacturing

-1811- Cumberland road construction begins

-1817- Erie canal begins

-1825- Erie canal completed

-1828- 1^st Railroad in the U.S.

-1830’s- Cyrus McCormick invents the mechanical mower reaper

-1834- Anti Catholic riot in Boston

-1837- John Deere Develops steel plow

-1840- Ten hour work day by Van Buren

-1843-1868- Era of Clipper ships

-1844- Samuel Morse invents telegraph and Anti Catholic riot in Philly

-1845-49- Potato famine in Ireland

-1846- Elias Howe invents sewing machine

-1848- first incorporation laws in NY

-1849- Know nothing party is formed

-1852-Cumberland Road completed

-1858- Cyrus field lays the transatlantic cable