Inherency- obama has already Solved 3 Harms- other things cause homelessness 5

Impacts- Gentrification=violence

This is as relevant in the 'new' urban post-industrial frontier as it is in the 'old'rural agricultural frontier. The dreams and visions of vagrant sovereigns disembed and displace those ofpresent users, a process powerfully facilitated by the operation of land markets incapitalist space economies. Potential land rents are boosted by how much vagrant sovereigns are willing to pay to realise their dreams. Actual land rents are limitedby how little present users can afford in order to hang on to their dreams. Thoughthe political economics of the rent gap mechanism and its underlying structuresare vastly more complex (Clark 1987, 1995, 2004; Harvey 1982; Sheppard andBarnes 1990), this simple relation of conquest is essential to us workings. As long as ideas of a feasible and desirable alternative to capitalism are inshort supply, the possibility of capitalism within a moral society becomes thenext best thing to which to run. (Sayer 2001: 705) Gentrification leads to violent conflict in many cities (N. Smith 1996). In otherplaces we can observe a 'more benign unwinding of the process' (Atkinson 200Th:2343). I believe a comparative analysis aimed at understanding why this processturns into tumult in some places and not in others would find two key factors to bedegree of social polarisation and practices surrounding property rights. In placescharacterized by a high degree of social polarization. short on legally practicedrecognition of the rights of users of place and long on legally practiced recognitionof the rights of owners of space. the conflict inherent in gentrification becomesin flamatory. Not so in places characterised by relative equality and legally pract-ised recognition of the rights of users of place. If so, this indicates a direction forpolitical engagement aimed to curb the occurrence of gentrificat ion and to changesocietal relations such that when it does occur (and it will), conditions areestablished for more benign ends.

Impacts- gentrification turns case

Gentrification is apartheid of both race and class- destroy power bases for radical movements, turning case

Kari Lydersen- Independent Journalist for LIP magazine- 03.15.99- SHAME OF THE CITIES: Gentrification in the New Urban America- Online- http://www.lipmagazine.org/articles/featlydersen_7_p.htm

WHEN DAVID ARAGON WAS YOUNG, his family lived in the working-class Mexican and Italian Taylor Street neighborhood in Chicago, just west of downtown. Then the University of Illinois at Chicago was built, and Aragon’s neighborhood was destroyed to make room for university buildings and more upscale restaurants and apartments serving the students and faculty. His family took refuge in Pilsen, a neighborhood slightly further west and south, which had long been a haven for working-class immigrants and became largely Mexican in the ‘60s and ‘70s. Today, Aragon is experiencing deja vu. His neighborhood is once again in mortal danger, with the university having decided the area is a perfect place for more student and faculty apartments and the city set on redeveloping the area by providing subsidies to developers marketing lofts to higher-income professionals. "They’re pushing poor people out of the city and in the process breaking up the power bases of their struggle," he says. "It’s gentrification, but you could also almost call it apartheid by both race and class."

Turns case- Gentrification makes things worse for the homelessness

Boston Proves Gentrification makes things worse for the homeless

David Abel- Globe Staff - January 20, 2008- As gentrification spreads, rich, poor seek a balance- online- http://www.boston.com/realestate/news/articles/2008/01/20/as_gentrification_spreads_rich_poor_seek_a_balance/?page=1

But he and others worried that the shelter's plan to change its name by dropping the word "shelter" and adding "center" reflects pressure from the hotel. "You can change the name, but you can't hide that this is a homeless shelter with 300 guys," Scribner said. Outside the Saint Francis House, now surrounded by a newly expanded Emerson College, the renovated China Trade Center, the luxury Archstone Apartments, and the looming Ritz, where a presidential suite is available for $5,500 a night, Jay Tankanow, 49, said he feels hemmed in by the new buildings and mistreated by those who look after them. "They think we shouldn't be here," he said. "They don't even let us stand on the sidewalk. I can't be here for 15 minutes without getting pushed away." Drinking coffee at a year-old sandwich shop across the Street from the Pine Street Inn on Harrison Avenue, Eric Pierce, 63, and Earl Farnsley, 66, said they are allowed to sit at the shop and not be bothered. "It's nice to be treated with respect and be allowed to sit down and have a cup of coffee," Pierce said. "The problem is when we're down the street, and we sit on someone's steps, and they tell us to go away."

Gentrification turns case- Gentrification is an attempt to recolonize the city- New York proves homelessness will be made illegal and the homeless will literally be tossed aside

NEIL SMITH- Professor of Anthropology and Geography at the City University of New York. – 1996- THE NEW URBAN FRONTIER

Gentrification and the revanchist city- Page- 26

The effort to recolonize the city involves systematic eviction. In its various plans and task force reports for gentrifying what remains of the inner city, New York City government has never proposed a plan for relocating evictees. This is stunning testimony to the real program. Denying any connection between gentrification and displacement, City officials refuse to admit the possibility that gentrification causes homelessness. Public policy is geared to allow the housed to “see no homeless,” in the words of one Lower East Side stencil artist. The 1929 Regional Plan for the Lower East Side was at least more honest: Each replacement will mean the disappearance of many of the old tenants and the coming in of other people who can afford the higher rentals required by modern construction on high-priced land. Thus in time economic forces alone will bring about a change in the character of much of the East Side population. (quoted in Gottlieb 1982:16) One developer justifies the violence of the new frontier: “To hold us accountable for it is like blaming the developer of a high-rise building in Houston for the displacement of the Indians a hundred years before” (quoted in Unger 1984:41). In Burlington, Vermont, one restaurateur has taken seriously the mission of getting “those people” out of sight. The owner of Leunig’s Old World Cafe, in the gentrified, cobblestone, boutique-filled Church Street Marketplace, became incensed at the homeless people who, he said, were “terrorizing” his restaurant’s clients. Funded by donations from restaurateurs and other local businessmen in the town, he began an organization called “Westward Ho!” to provide homeless people with one-way tickets out of town—to Portland, Oregon. Some have gone further in the effort to see no homeless, hoping in fact to illegalize homelessness altogether: If it is illegal to litter the streets, frankly it ought to be illegal…to sleep in the streets. Therefore, there is a simple matter of public order and hygiene “in getting these people somewhere else. Not arrest them, but move them off somewhere where they are simply out of sight. (George Will, quoted in Marcuse 1988:70) This kind of vengeful outburst only lends more weight to Friedrich Engels’ famous admonition of more than a century ago: the bourgeoisie has only one method of settling the housing question…. The breeding places of disease, the infamous holes and cellars in which the capitalist mode of production confines our workers night after night are not abolished; they are merely shifted elsewhere. (Engels, 1975 edn., 71, 73–4; emphasis in original) Evicted from the public as well as the private spaces of what is fast becoming a downtown bourgeois playground, minorities, the unemployed and the poorest of the working class are destined for large-scale displacement. Once isolated in central city enclaves, they are increasingly herded to reservations on the urban edge. New York’s HPD becomes the new Department of the Interior; the Social Security Administration the new Bureau of Indian Affairs; and Latino, African-American and other minorities the new Indians. At the beginning of the onslaught, one especially prescient East Village developer was cynically blunt about what the new gentrification frontier would mean for evictees as gentrification raced toward Avenue D: “They’ll all be forced out. They’ll be pushed east to the river and given life preservers” (quoted in Gottlieb 1982:13).

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