QUESTIONS
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ANSWERS
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I. BOURBON TRIUMVIRATE
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The Bourbon Triumvirate was a group of 3 white, Southern Democrats (political party) from Georgia who were in charge of Georgia politics for nearly 30 years.
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How did they want Georgia to change during the Redemption Period?
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How did they want Georgia to stay the same?
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They wanted to see GA depend less on agriculture and more on industry and factory life.
They wanted to maintain white supremacy in GA.
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II. HENRY GRADY
4. Henry Grady known as the “Voice of the South.”
5. How did Henry Grady get his views and opinions out to the people of Georgia?
6. What was the name of his most famous speech, and what was the takeaway message from it?
7. Why did Henry Grady not always tell the truth about race relations in the South?
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In speeches and newspaper editorials (articles)
“The New South” - he spoke about how much Georgia had changed since the Civil War and the need for more industry in Georgia
He knew that if he told about tension and violence between blacks and whites that Northern business investors might not want to invest money in GA and start new businesses and factories here.
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III. INTERNATIONAL COTTON EXPOSITION
8. How many International Cotton Expositions did Georgia host?
9. What was the purpose of these events?
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3
the South to show that it was recovering economically, to highlight the region’s natural resources, and to lure northern investors to spend money in on new businesses and factories in Georgia
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IV. TOM WATSON
10. For what type of person was Tom Watson a spokesperson?
11. Tom Watson advocated that black and white farmers come together and vote for what new political party that Watson helped to create?
12. Once elected to Congress, Watson helped pass the Rural Free Delivery Bill. Describe it.
13. The Rural Free Delivery Bill indirectly caused
a boom in what other things in GA?
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White and black farmers (sharecroppers and tenant farmers)
Populist Party
It made a way to deliver mail to homes in rural areas for free.
it caused a boom in the building of roads, bridges, and other improvements needed to deliver the mail to rural areas
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V. REBECCA LATIMER FELTON
14. Like Henry Grady, Rebecca Latimer Felton got her opinions out to the people of GA through what?
15. She is most famous for reforming (improving) what system in GA?
16. Describe this system and its drawbacks (why it was bad).
17. R.L.F. is also most known for being the first female to do what?
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14. Newspaper editorials(articles)
15. Convict Lease System
16. This system allowed prison inmates to be “checked out” of prison by private companies for days or weeks at a time and forced to do hard labor under grueling conditions with long hours spent in the blazing sun or freezing cold with few breaks and little medical attention, food, and water.
17. The first female to serve in the US Senate
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VI. JIM CROW LAWS
18. What were Jim Crow laws?
19. Why did white, southern Democrats create Jim Crow laws?
20. List at least 4 public facilities or spaces that were segregated under Jim Crow Laws?
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18. Laws created in GA starting in the 1890s that made it mandatory for blacks and whites to have separate public spaces and facilities
19. Jim Crow laws were originally created by white, Southern Democrats to “keep the peace” between blacks and whites who were in coming into contact with one another more than ever before as black and white sharecroppers and tenant farmers left rural areas and moved to urban areas to find new jobs in newly-built factories and businesses
20. schools, parks, restrooms, and railroad and street cars.
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VII. PLESSY V. FERGUSON
21. How did Homer Plessy challenge Jim Crow laws in 1892 in Louisiana?
22. The US Supreme Court said that Plessy DID/ DID NOT (circle one) have a right to sit in the whites-only car.
23. An important outcome of the Plessy v. Ferguson case is that Southern states were given the right to promote what practice that separated the races?
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21. Homer Plessy bought a train ticket from New Orleans to Covington, Louisiana. Because he was 7/8 white and 1/8 black, he took a seat in the “whites only” car. When he refused to move he was arrested under the “Jim Crow Car Act of 1890,” which required “separate-but-equal” accommodations for white and blacks on railroad cars.
23. Segregation
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VIII. THE 1906 ATLANTA RACE RIOT
24. Why did the 1906 Atlanta Race Riot break out?
25. Were the accusations of Annie Laurie Poole’s rape true? Yes or No.
26. Describe three effects of the 1906 Atlanta Race Riot?
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24. Stories of rape of young, white girls by black men.
25. NO
26. - Black-owned property and business were vandalized and destroyed.
- Atlanta was placed under Martial Law to restore order and peace
- more than 20 people died and hundreds were injured
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IX. LYNCHINGS
27. What are lynchings?
28. What was the purpose of lynching?
29. GA had the _2nd highest number of lynchings from 1882-1930. Mississippi was the only state to have more.
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Lynching occurs when a mob kills someone, especially by hanging, for an alleged offense with or without a legal trial, and
lynching was a visible sign of white supremacy
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X. DISENFRANCHISEMENT AND THE COUNTY UNIT SYSTEM
30. What is disenfranchisement?
31. Match the voting barriers African-Americans faced to the correct descriptions on the right.
32. What was the purpose of the County Unit System?
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when you take away someone’s ability to vote
Poll tax
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stated that only those men whose fathers or grandfathers had been able to vote in 1867 were now eligible to vote
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Literacy tests
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A tax or fee that had to be paid if you wanted to vote
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Grandfather Clause
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Tests that were supposed to judge whether or not a person could read and write in order to vote but were often insanely difficult and impossible to pass
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It established a county unit system for political primaries. Under the county unit system, the 8 most populated counties had 6 county unit votes each (TOTAL = 48). The next 30 most populated counties had 4 county unit votes each (TOTAL = 120). And, the remaining 121 rural, less populated counties had 2 county unit votes each (TOTAL 242). The 38 most populated counties held 2/3 of Georgia’s voters, but the other 121 counties together could decide the outcome of a state election. Those who opposed the county unit system said that people were elected to office without a majority of the state’s popular vote, and those who supported it said that the system allowed small, less-populated counties to have the same power as larger ones.
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XI. NOTABLE AFRICAN-AMERICANS
33. Match the name of a notable African-American in GA to the correct description on the right.
Alonzo Herndon
WEB Dubois
Booker T. Washington
John and Lugenia Hope
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Former slave, founder of Tuskegee Institute, delivered “Atlanta Compromise” speech at the International Cotton Expo. in 1895, said equality would happen for blacks after they proved that they could be economically independent
Black educator and leader, believed ACTION was required if blacks were to be socially and politically equal with whites, helped found the NAACP
President of Morehouse and Atlanta Universities in Atlanta, believed blacks needed to demand social equality, helped to restore calm during the 1906 Atlanta Race Riot, helped found the NAACP, wife a civic leader, founded Neighborhood Union
Former slave, black entrepreneur, founder of the Atlanta Mutual Insurance Company, owned luxurious barber shops and rental properties in Atlanta
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XII. CAUSES FOR WWI AND GA’S CONTRIBUTIONS
34. List and describe the four long-term causes for WWI.
35. List and describe the fifth and immediate cause for WWI.
36. List 5 ways in which GA contributed to WWI.
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1. Militarism – policy of building up strong military forces to prepare for war
2. Alliances - agreements between nations to aid and protect one another
3. Nationalism – pride in or devotion to one’s country
4. Imperialism – when one country takes over another country economically and politically
5. Assassination – murder of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand
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Between 85,000 to 100,000 Georgians joined the US armed forces.
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Many soldiers around the SE came to GA for training at one of our many training facilities: 1.) Camp Benning, 2.) Fort McPherson, 3.) and Camp Gordon.
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GA also housed German prisoners of war at Fort Oglethorpe.
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Georgians on the home-front created uniforms, grew additional food (“liberty gardens”), sold war bonds, and worked for the Red Cross.
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GA railroads played a key role in transporting arms, ammunition, and soldiers to GA ports for sail to Europe.
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Over 3,000 Georgians gave their lives to this war.
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KEY