Конкурс «Шаг в будущее. Электросталь. 2013» Тема проекта: «Piracy: History,Myths and Legends»

Городской интеллектуальный конкурс «Шаг в будущее. Электросталь.2013»

Тема проекта: « Piracy: History,Myths and Legends ». .

Выполнили : Данилов Артём Родина Анастасия Класс: 5«А» Руководители: Обухова Н.В. Колюх Е.В.

«Cредняя общеобразовательная школа N12 с углубленным изучением иностранного языка»

Управления образования городского округа Электросталь


2012-2013 учебный год

Московской области

Annotation

Pirates are romantically described in different books. We meet them on TV and cinema screens, in the theatre. We play computer “Pirates” games with Pirate flags, adventures and treasure lands. They are associated with certain stereotypical manners of speaking and dress. Many sports teams use "pirate" or a related term such as "raider" or "buccaneer" as their nickname. The Oakland Raiders and Tampa Bay Buccaneers, both of whom play in the National Football League, also use pirate-related nicknames. Some inventions of pirate culture such as "walking the plank" were popularized by J. M. Barrie's novel, Peter Pan.

In our work we are going to introduce you some interesting facts about Piracy, pirate traditions. We want to show you why people nowadays remember the days of piracy and try to answer some very difficult questions:

Who were those Corsairs? What pirate clothing was fact and what pirate clothing was fiction? Were there real pirate flags? What ships did they sail? And so on. Read our work and get new information.

Content :

I. Introduction
II.The Main Part

1.Early Pirates
2 The Golden Age
3.Famous Elizabethan Pirates
4. Legends
III. Conclusion
IV. Literature.

I. Introduction



The Start of Piracy

Piracy was a problem thousands of years before the Spanish began to bring gold, silver, and other treasures from the New World back to Spain. Men sailed the seas as pirates when countries began to cross the Oceans and Seas to trade goods with each other. There were powerful pirates that sailed the Mediterranean Sea . These pirates set up a large pirate nation in Cilicia. Barbary corsairs controlled the western part of the Mediterranean. Vikings were brave and strong pirates. They sailed all over the Atlantic Ocean, but especially terorized the European coastlines. Piracy was also active in the waters surrounding Asia. As ships were built bigger and better and men became braver, piracy began to spread into the New World.

When the Roman Empire was destroyed, the people from Scandinavia became the pirates in power. These were the Vikings which means "pirate men". Vikings were very talented. They were called poets, storytellers, ruthless conquerors, explorers, plunderers and barbarians. Vikings lived in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. They sailed the seas between the eighth to the eleventh centuries and most countries were afraid of them. Some people called them Northmen or Norsemen. The Viking ships were called a longship and was a long thin ship.

Pirates of the Mediterranean were known as ‘corsairs’. The most famous corsairs were Muslims from North Africa. They took great pleasure in attacking Christian ships. Corsairs wanted people to sell them as slaves or make them row their ships. Half-naked slaves had to row 20 hours a day!

Some sailors were given permission to attack ships from enemy countries (in return for a share in the loot). These sailors didn’t call themselves pirates, but were known as ‘privateers’.

The most famous British privateers were Francis Drake and Walter Raleigh who were given permission to attack Spanish ships.

Walter Raleigh was beheaded by James I for returning from two voyages empty-handed.

To the EnglishFrancis Drake was a hero who attacked the hated Spanish. To the Spanish he was a pirate who would steal anything.

Buccaneers

After the privateers came the buccaneers. When governments stopped giving sailors permission to attack enemy ships, many privateers became pirates , instead. The buccaneers were often joined by criminals, slaves and ex-soldiers - anyone after a treasure. Henry Morgan started as a privateer, but soon | became a famous buccaneer.

Pirates sailed the Indian Ocean for many centuries. They liked the exotic treasures of the East, such as silks, spices and precious stones. The large island of Madagascar was once wild , so it was easy for pirates to hide there.

1	The Brigantine The Brigantine usually had only two masts with two sails rigged to each mast,carried about 100 pirates	The Caravel The Caravel was usually used by the Spanish as a trading ship. They were about 80 feet long.
2	The Frigate The Frigate had three masts This ship carried 24 - 38 guns, and about 190 men.	The Schooner Schooners had a narrow hull and two masts. Itcarried about 75 pirates.
3	The Carrack. The Carrack usually had three masts.	The Merchant The Merchant ship had a small narrow stern that was used mainly for carrying goods across the ocean, but sometimes for war. It had three masts with 8 or more sails. This was a fast moving ship.
4	The Sloop The Sloop had a narrow bow. It moved through waves easily. This ship was smaller and faster than the others,carried about 75 pirates	The Galleon The Galleon was one of the most popular ships used by pirates .
5	The Man of War. The Man-of-War carried 65cannons,but some carried 100. It had threemasts with square sails.	Pirate ships A pirate ship in full sail was a frightening sight. In order to catch and rob treasure galleons, they had to be small and fast. They usually had lots of sails and a large crew. Most pirates lived on ships called schooners or galleys. Schooners were small and had two masts. Galleys were larger ships and had three masts.

Were there real pirate flags? Yes! Pirates flew real pirate flags! Every pirate ship wanted to fly its own version of a pirate flag!

Designing their own pirate flags was a natural progression in the pirate culture and history. Pirate flags were designed to threaten and spread fear.

The colors of real pirate flags were either red or black. The first pirate flags were in fact red! The colour red in pirate flags symbolized blood.

The French name for the red flag was the Jolie Rouge (some people translated it as Pretty Red ). The pirate flag was called the ‘Jolly Roger’. It was usually a black flag with a white skull and crossed bones.The color black symbolized death. The ‘Jolly Roger’ was raised when a pirate ship decided to attack. This was done to frighten the victims

The Pirate flags of Calico Jack Rackham included the picture of a skull with crossed cutlasses on a black background.

When pirates drank rum, they liked to sing a jolly pirate song. Fifteen Men on a Dead Man's Chest Pirate Song .The most famous words are from the first four lines of this pirate song are :

The tradition of singing Pirate Songs was an extremely important part in life of a pirate. The pirate song was sung to accompany the hard daily tasks of pirates.

The Golden Age of Pirates! The pirates had a definite style of Pirate Clothing. But what pirate clothing was fact and what pirate clothing was fiction.

The following list details the items of pirate clothing and some interesting facts and information about Pirate Clothing:

Pirates were at sea for most of the time and their life on board was very hard.The food was awful and the cook was usually a pirate who had lost his arm in a battle and couldn’t do anything else on the ship .Pirate ships were overcrowded and smelly below deck; there was not much space for the crew to sleep.Pirates didn’t get enough vitamins so they got spots and scurvy. They often suffered from dysentery.

The Pirate Code of Conduct The Pirate Code of Conduct consisted of a number of agreements between the Captain and pirate crew which were called Articles. The Pirate Code of Conduct was necessary as pirates were not governed by any other rules such as Naval regulations. Pirate captains were elected and could lose their position if lost the authority. The captain enjoyed few privileges:

"The Captain or any other Officer is allowed no more [food] than another man, nay,the Captain cannot keep his Cabbin to himself."

Pirate Rules

Pirates saw themselves as free sailors but they had their own rules of behaviour. Here are some of them:

● You must obey the captain’s orders.

● If you keep a secret from your shipmates you will be left on a desert island with a bottle of water, some gunpowder and a gun with one bullet .

● No lights at night - a pirates sleep should not be disturbed

●No Boys or women allowed on board.

●No fighting between pirates on board the ship.

● A Pension according to the severity of wounds.

●None shall game for money either with dice or cards..

●None shall strike another on board the ship.

When pirates caught other ships they sometimes made their prisoners walk the plank.The victims had to walk blindfold along a plank - until they fell into the sea!

●Began as a pirate in 1718

●Sailed from Hispaniole, Jamaica and Martinique

●Pardon offered by English king and was accepted and retired as a pirate

●Eventually killed by own crew

John Avery
●Born 1653 in Cat Down, Plymouth, Eng

●Died sometime just after 1696 in Bideford, Devonshire, England

●One of Britain's most famous pirates

●Began life of piracy in 1691

● captain of the ship "Fancy"

● sailed the West Indies Ocean

●Ship was destroyed when driven up on shore during a storm

●Died in poverty after making a poor deal with Bristol merchants

● Born in 1540

●Died in 1596

●Sailed on the ship "Golden Hine"

●Led several trading voyages from England to the Caribbean Sea before becoming a pirate

●In 1577 he was sent on a secret mission to the Pacific coast of North America by Queen Elizabeth I.

● He was both a pirate and privateer.

●Several of Drake's ships were destroyed during this secret voyage while sailing through the Straight of Magellan.

●Claimed the land where San Francisco, California stands for Britain

●It was three years for Drake to complete this voyage and return to England.

●Born in 1782

● Called the "Gentleman Pirate" and "Terror of the Gulf"

●A blacksmith in New Orleans

● 1807 he became a pirate, and slave trader.

●His pirate base was in the Caribbean.

●He commanded fifty ships and one thousand pirates.

●No government officials would punish him because Lafitte gave goods for them, making them rich.

●Born in 1635 in Llanrhymney, Glamorgan, Wales

●Died on August 25, 1688

● A privateer. Later a pirate.

● The commander of a crew of buccaneer

●In August of 1670 he captured the city of Panama using thirty-six ships and two thousand crewmen.

●Was knighted by King George II of England.

● The governor of Jamaica.

●He died in Jamaica.

Women Pirates

Women, too, became pirates sometimes. Females dressed as men in order to seek their fortune, or to follow husbands to sea. Two of the most famous women pirates who fought bravely together were Anne Bonny and Mary Read. These ladies struck terror in the hearts of friends and enemies alike..

●Born in London

●Died December 18, 1720

● On aMan-o-War ship at age thirteen.

●Pirate John Rackham captured the ship that she was working on and she joined his crew.

●Rackham's ship was captured and the entire crew was hanged except for Anne Bonny and Read.

●Born in Ireland in 1698

●Died April 25, 1782

●Sailed around Jamaica with pirate Captain John Rackham

●Mary Read, another female pirate, joined their crew

●Lived the life of a male pirate

●Anne Bonny and Mary Read were put in prison

Letter of Marque

A Letter of Marque is a special license that was given to some ship captains.

When pirates attacked ships they used the boarding axe to help them scale the sides of the wooden ships.

The axe was also used to break down the doors on captured ships.

Cannons

The cannons were used while battling with another ship The cannons were made from heavy steel or iron materials. Large ships had to twelve cannons, while smaller ships had not any.

The Musketoon was a short gun. These guns were so small, it was easy to use in tight small spaces and on moving ship decks.

The Flintlock pistol was so light it was favored by pirates for boarding ships.

Swords

The cutlass is a short sword that was used around the 16th century as butcher knives. Later the cutlass became favored by pirates .

The dagger was a very small sword . It was also used for fighting hand to hand when a long sword would not be useful.

The rapier is a sword, used for dueling between two pirates.

4. Legends

Hooks were not really used by pirates except in movies like Peter Pan. Some pirates tried to make a hook out of thick pieces of thin metal, but it would not really stay on the end of their arms very well.

Pirates often had to have their legs amputated because infection would set in after they were injured in a battle. The ship's surgeon was usually the ship's cook too. After the leg was amputated a fake leg called a peg leg was made out of a scrap of lumber, but it was too painful to be used for very long, so most pirates just walked with crutches.

It is true that there are treasure islands. They are found in the Gulf of Mexico along the south coast of Texas. One of the main treasure islands is called Padre Island and it is 130 miles long. It is called Treasure Island for two reasons. One reason is that there are many Spanish Galleons that sank during hurricanes near Padre Island. The second reason is that pirates buried their treasure on Padre Island. Every time there is a hurricane treasure coins are washed up on shore.

Though many books and movies tell stories about buried treasure the truth is that very few pirates buried their treasure. Captain William Kidd is suspected to have buried his treasure on Oak Island which is near Nova Scotia, Canada.

Pirates got treasure by stealing it from the treasure fleets The pirates knew that the gold and silver carried by the Spanish ships was stolen, so they didn't think that taking it away from the Spanish thieves was wrong. Many ships sank during strong storms and the treasure was lost at the bottom of the sea.

Piracy may seem like a romantic life of the past. In reality, piracy is robbery or criminal violence at sea., and today's pirates are far from the lovable characters who populate films like the new Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest."There's nothing romantic about piracy," said Capt. PottengalMukundan, the director of the International Maritime Bureau (IMB), based in London, England."These are ruthless people who are heavily armed and prey on people that are weaker than them."

The number of attacks have been rising ever since. At least 63 people have been taken hostage this year—twice the number of hostages taken in the same period last year.

Modern pirates use some of the same tactics as Golden Age pirates. They often attack ships from astern at night, using grappling hooks and ropes or hooks on poles to board the ship before anyone raises the alarm .As with Golden Age pirates, modern pirates arm themselves heavily. They use guns, knives, grenades and rocket launchers. Unlike Golden Age pirates, who often spent their lives at sea, modern pirates typically operate from shore. They must have access to markets to sell their plunder.

Piracy is typically an act of robbery or criminal violence at sea. But today it can have acts committed on land, in the air, online, or in other major bodies of water or on a shore.

To sum up, the acts of today's pirates are similar to the acts of the famous pirates from over 300 years ago. They still practice kidnapping people , robbing and murdering. They use different technology and skills, but their attacks are as scary as they have always been.

Boarding

Hostage taking

Kidnapping of people for ransom

Murder

Sabotage resulting in the ship subsequently sinking

Seizure of items or the ship

Shipwrecking done intentionally to a ship

Modern pirates also use a great deal of technology: mobile phones, satellite phones, GPS, Sonar systems, modern speedboats, assault rifles, shotguns, pistols, mounted machine guns, and even RPGs and grenade launchers.




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Permissions -

(Written documentation of permisssion to use copyrighted images is available.)

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