LIST OF ANCIENT HARBOURS IN HISPANIA
(for Arthur de Graauw)
I send my revision of your preliminary list of ancient harbours, I prefer say harbours and no ports because most of them are anchorages but they hadn’t port facilities.
My list, as your one, start from Bidasoa river and end in Port Bou.
When I comment something of your list I put it between brackets and in italic
E = Strabon; P = Pliny; M = Mela; Tl = Titus Livius; Pt =Ptolomeus; A = Avienius; Po = Polibius; Ap = Apianus; Su = Suetonius; Ps =Pseudo Skylax; R = Ravennate
I put the most interesting references, not all.
1) OLARSO-OIASSO-OEASON (Irun-Estuary of Bidasoa, Guipuzcoa)
Roman natural harbour
Work of: Mercedes Urteaga Artigas (IV Congreso de Obras Publicas Romanas, Lugo, 2008)
Sources: P. IV, 110; E. III, 4, 10; M. II, 15
3) PORTUS AMANUM -Flaviobriga (Castro Urdiales, Cantabria)
Roman natural harbour
Sources: P. IV, 111
4) PORTUS VICTORIAE IULIOBRIGENSIUM (Santander, Cantabria)
Roman natural harbour
Sources: P. IV, 110-111
5) PORTUS BLENDIUM (Suances, Cantabria)
Roman natural harbour
Sources: P. IV, 111
6) PORTUS VESEIASUECA (San Vicente de la Barquera, Cantabria)
Roman natural harbour
Sources: P. IV, 111
7) NOEGA (Gijón)
Roman natural harbour
Work of: Carmen Fernandez Ochoa et al
Sources: E. III, 4, 20; P, IV, 111; M, III, 13
8) PORTUS ARTABOI (Bares, La Coruña, Galicia)
Tartessic harbour with breakwaters
Work of: Federico Maciñeira (1947) “Bares Puerto hispánico de la primitiva navegación occidental” Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas.
Sources: E. III, 3, 5; III, 5, 11; Pt, II, 6
9) BRIGANTIUM (La Coruña, Galicia)
(In Brigantium Roman people built a famous lighthouse in I BC Century, and probably after that I or II AC was built a harbour)
10) “West towers (Torres del Oeste)” (Catoira, Pontevedra, Galicia)
Roman natural harbour, Roman navy port
Work of: J.M. de la Peña
11) “Estuary of Miño river” (La Guardia, Pontevedra, Galicia)
Roman natural harbour, two jetties
Work of: J.M. de la Peña
Sources: E. III, 3, 4
(Ophiusa, Oestriminis are not harbours but it is a coastal region)
12) “Estuary of Duero river” (PORTUS GALUM) (Oporto, Portugal)
Roman natural harbour, was made in the end of Via Nova
Work of: J.M. de la Peña
13) “Estuary of Tajo river” had three known port facilities
OLISIPO (Lisboa, Portugal)
Roman natural harbour
Sources: E. III, 3, 1
PIRGOS BARBARION
Roman lighthouse
Work of: J.M. de la Peña
Sources: P. IV, 116; VIII, 166
Abul (Alcacer do Sal, Setúbal, Portugal)
Work of: N. Carayon
(Promontoriun Sacrum (San Vicente Cape): I don’t find that there are any harbour)
14) PORTUS HANIBALIS (Portimao, Algarbe, Portugal)
Punicum natural harbour
Sources: P. IV, 111
(The Paetanion island was known as island Anion (A, 199) but it is before than San Vicente cape)
(Platon in his books Kritias and Timeos told about Atlantida, and it is more than probably that it was between Anas (Guadiana) river and Betis (Guadalquivir) river which estuary was a Lingusinus Lagoon and its coast there was some little harbours as 17) ASTA ( Asta Regia), 18) NABRISSA (Nebrija) [E. III, 2, 5] and in the end 19) HISPALIS (Sevilla). And 16) ONOBA (Huelva) [E. III, 2, 5; P. III,7] and 15) OSSONOBA (Faro) [E. III, 2, 5]. But no Atlantida as harbour)
(You mix a lot of ancient harbour data of Cadiz Golf. In it where:
20) TARTESSOS: Pobably in in Eriteia island (San Fernado or Leon island)[Schulten, Peña). 21) GADIR(Cadiz) [P.IV, 120; M. III, 46; E, III, 5, 3] [García Bellido, Peña, Carayon], close to Gadir were the LIGHTHOUSE OF GADIR (Cortadura) [Sanchez Terry, Peña] is a roman lighthouse and Temple of Melkart or Heracles (Sancti Petri [Garcia Bellido]. 22) PORTUS GADITANUS (Castillo de Doña Blanca, Puerto de Santa María )[Itinerario Antonino; M. III, 4] [Rambaud, Peña, Carayon]. And shipyard in Puerto Real [Peña]. 23) PORTUS MENESTEUS (unknown, probably Puerto de Santa María)[E. III, 1, 9]. PIRGO CAEPINO (Chipiona) roman lighthouse in the mouth of Betis river [E. III,1,9; M. III, 4] [Peña]
(Pormonturium Iunonis (P. III, 7; M. III, 4) is Trafalgar cape, in it, probably existed a lighthouse)
24) BAESIPPO (Barbate, Cadiz)
Roman harbour
Sources: P. III, 7; M. II, 96
25) BAELO CLAUDIA (Bolonia, playa de Bolonia, Cadiz)
Roman harbour
Work of: J.M. de la Peña
Sources: E. III, 1, 8; P. III, 7: V, 2; M. II, 96
26) MELLARIA o MENLARIA (estuary of Valle river, Cadiz)
Roman anchorage
Sources: E. III, 1, 8; P. III, 7; V, 2; M. II, 96
(Iulia Traducta – Iulia Ioza –Tingentera (Tarifa) (E. III, I, 8; M. II, 96)There wa born Mela, I think, it was’t harbour but a lighthouse)
27) PORTUS ALBUS – CARTEIA (estuary of Guadarranque river, Algeciras bay, Cadiz)
(This city had two sites: Firstly, Phoenician, river up, in the “Cerro del Prado”, after that, roman people moved the city and harbour river down, in its estuary)
Phoenician and Roman natural harbour
Work of: J.M. de la Peña, Roldan et al.
Sources: E. III, 1, 7; P. III, 8; M. II, 96; Tl. XL. 3, 1
28) BARBESULA (Estuary Guadiaro river, Casa Montilla, Malaga)
Phoenician natural anchorage
Work of: Carayon
Sources: P. III, 7; M. II, 94
29) LACIPPO (Alechipe, close to Casares, between Gibraltar and Malaga)
Roman natural anchorage
Sources: M. II, 94
30) SALDUBA (Estuary of Guadalmansa river, Torreon, Estepona, Malaga)
Phoenician natural anchorage
Work of: Carayon
Sources: P. III, 8; M. II, 94
31) SUEL (Estuary of Fuengirola river, Val de Suel, Fuengirola, Málaga)
Phoenician natural anchorage
Work of: Carayon
Sources: P. III, 8; M. II, 94
32) MALACA (Malaga and estuary of Guadalorce river)
(This city, probably had two anchorages: Firstly using the estuary of Guadalorce river, and after that, in the roman period, was built a jetty in the coast)
Phoenician natural anchorage and Roman harbour
Work of: J.M. de la Peña, Carayon.
Sources: E. III, 4, 2; P. III, 8; M. II, 94; Av. 180
33)MAINAKE (unknown, it is probably that where Mainoba or close to that in the estuary of Velez river)
Phoenician natural anchorage
Work of: Carayon.
Sources: E. III, 4, 2
34) MAENUBA – MAINOBA – MAENOBA (Velez Malaga - Torre del Mar, estuary of Velez river, Malaga)
Roman natural anchorage
Work of: Carayon.
Sources: E. III, 2, 5; P. III, 8; M. II, 94
35) “Estuary of Algarrobo river” (Algarrobo, Morro de la Mezquita and Trayamar)
Phoenician natural anchorage
Work of: Carayon.
(“Chorreras andd Lagos”, I think there weren’t any harbour an no anchorage as said Carayon)
36) EX –SEXI (Almuñecar, Granada)
Phoenician and Roman natural anchorage
Work of: J.M. de la Peña, Carayon.
Sources: E. III, 4, 2; P. III, 8; M. II, 94
37) SELAMBINA – SALMBINA (Salobreña, Granada)
Roman natural anchorage
Sources: P. III, 8; M. II, 94
38) ABDARA – ABDERA (Adra, Almeria)
Phoenician and Roman natural anchorage
Work of: Carayon.
Sources: E. III, 4, 3; 4, 6; P. III, 8; M. II, 94
39) MURGI (Roquetas de Mar, Almeria)
Roman harbour
Work of: J.M. de la Peña
Sources: P. III, 8
40) URCI – PORTUS MAGNUS (Almería)
Roman harbour
Work of: J.M. de la Peña
Sources: P. III, 8; Pt. II, 4
41) BARIA (Villaricos, estuary of Almanzora river, Almería)
Phoenician and Iberian natural anchorage
Work of: Carayon
Sources: P. III, 19
42)”Puerto de Mzarron” (Puerto de Mazarron, Murcia)
(its ancient name is unknown)
Phoenician and Roman anchorage
Work of: Blazquez
Sources:
43) CARTAGO NOVA (Cartagena, Murcia)
Phoenician natural harbour
Work of: Mas, Rambaud, Peña and Carayon
Sources: Po = X, 2; Ap = VI, 20 and 21; P. III, 19; E. III, 4, 6; M. II, 94
44) HERNA (Guardamar del Segura, estuary of Segura river, Alicante)
Phoenician natural harbour
Work of: Carayon
Sources: A. 463
45) PORTUS ILLICITANUS – ILLICI-ILICE –ELIA (Santa Pola, Alicante)
Roman natural harbour
Work of: Alfonso et al.
Sources: P. III, 20; M. II, 93
46) LUCENTUM – AKRA LEUKE (Tosal de Manises-Alicante)
Phoenician and Roman anchorage
Work of: Carayon
Sources: P. III, 20; M. II, 93
47) HEMEROSCOPION - DIANIUM (Denia, Alicante)(Then
Roman anchorage
Work of: Peña
Sources: E. III, 4, 6; P. III, 76
48) PORTUS SUCRONE (Cullera, estuary of Jucar river)
Roman anchorage
Work of: Blazquez
Sources: R. 304, 7
49) SAGUNTUM (Grao Vell-Sagunto, Valencia)
Roman harbour
Work of: De Juan et al
Sources: E. III, 4, 6; P. III, 20, M, II, 93
50) VALENTIA (Valencia)
Roman natural harbour
Work of:
Sources: P. III, 20; M, II, 92
51) CHERONESOS (¿Peñiscola?, Castellon)
Roman natural anchorage
Work of:
Sources: A. 487; E. III, 4, 6
52) “Estuary of Iberus (Ebro) river”
(Then the mouth of Ebro river wasn’t a delta, it had three mouths and it was a navigable river. According of classical sources had two harbours: TENEBRIUM in the mouth, close to promontorium Tenebrium; and DERTOSA (Tortosa, Tarragona) by the river near to the coast (E. III, 4, 6; Su. VII,1, 10)
53) TARRACO (Tarragona)
Roman harbour
Work of: Aquilué et al, y Peña
Sources: E. III, 4, 7; P. III, 21; M, II, 90; Av. 520
54) BARCINO (Barcelona)
Roman anchorage
Work of: Peña
Sources: P. III, 22; M, II, 90
(In the ancient times, in the Rosas Gulf existed three harbours: Firstly, in 55) “LA ESCALA”(La Escala, Girona); then 56) EMPORION (Sant Martí d’Empuries, Girona)(E. III, 4, 8; P. III, 22; M. II, 89; Tl. XXXIV, 9, 1 and XXXI, 60, 1; Po. III, 21; Ps. 2); and 57) RHODA (Roses, Girona)(E. III, 4, 8; M. II, 89). The reference of Av. about “Monte Malode”, I think, is the description of Rosas Gulf coast).
BALIARIDES – GIMNESIA
58) PALMA (Palma de Mallorca, Mallorca)
Roman harbour
Work of: Peña
Sources: E. III, 5, 1; P. III, 77; M, II, 125
59) POLLENTIA (Pollensa, Mallorca)
Roman natural harbour
Work of: Peña
Sources: E. III, 5, 1; P. III, 77; M, II, 125
60) BOCCORUM (Alcudia, Mallorca)
Roman anchorage
Work of: Peña
Sources: E. III, 5, 1; P. III, 77; M, II, 125
61) “Na Guardis” (In front of Colonia Sant Jordi-Mallorca SE)
Phoenician natural anchorage
Work of: Carayon
Sources:
62) IAMON (Ciudadela, Menorca)
Phoenician and Roman natural harbour
Work of: Peña
Sources: P. III, 77; M, II, 124
63) MAGON (Mahon, Menorca)
Phoenician and Roman natural harbour
Work of: Peña
Sources: P. III, 77; M, II, 124
64) “Cala Coves” (Close to Cala en Porter, Menorca)
Phoenician natural anchorage?
Work of: Carayon
Sources:
PITIUSAS
65) EBUSUS (Ibiza)
Phoenician and Roman natural harbour
Work of: Carayon
Sources: E. III, 5, 1; P. III, 76; M, II, 125
66) “Sa Caleta” (West of Ibiza)
Phoenician natural anchorage
Work of: Carayon
PEÑA (2011)
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