Mahdi mehrabi What programming language has dominated scientific computing over the past 60 years?
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- 4. What programming language has dominated business applications over the past 60 years
- 5. What programming language has dominated artificial intelligence over the past 60 years
- 7. What is the disadvantage of having too many features in a language
- 8. How can user-defined operator overloading harm the readability of a program
- 15. How do type declaration statements for simple variables affect the readability of a language, considering that some languages do not require them
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Mahdi mehrabi 3. What programming language has dominated scientific computing over the past 60 years? FORTRAN (Formula Translation). FORTRAN was specifically designed for scientific and engineering calculations and has been widely used in fields such as physics, chemistry, computational biology, and numerical analysis. Its efficient array handling and numerical computing capabilities made it a popular choice for scientific applications. Though other languages like C, C++, and Python have gained popularity in scientific computing in recent years, FORTRAN continues to be widely used and has a strong presence in the scientific community. 4. What programming language has dominated business applications over the past 60 years? COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language). COBOL was specifically designed for business data processing and has been widely used in industries such as banking, finance, insurance, and government sectors. Its focus on readability and English-like syntax made it accessible to non-technical business professionals, allowing them to write and understand programs. COBOL's popularity peaked in the 1970s and 1980s when mainframe computers were widely used for business applications. While newer languages like Java and C# have gained prominence in recent years, COBOL still plays a significant role in legacy systems and continues to be used in critical business applications. 5. What programming language has dominated artificial intelligence over the past 60 years? LISP (list processing) Lisp's influence on AI can be seen in the development of significant AI projects and frameworks. While Lisp's dominance in AI has evolved over time, and other languages like Python have gained popularity due to their extensive libraries and frameworks, Lisp remains historically significant in the field of AI. It has laid the foundation for many AI concepts and techniques that are still in use today. 7. What is the disadvantage of having too many features in a language? It would be confusing and programmer don’t know how the feature should be used or what the main purpose of the feature is. Some of the features may be out of scope for the language, as this will increase memory requirements, and thin out performance efforts. 8. How can user-defined operator overloading harm the readability of a program? Because when someone wants to read the code, it’s necessary to understand the definition of operator and he should understand the statement of declaration of operator. 10. What are the arguments for writing efficient programs even though hardware is relatively inexpensive? Cost-effectiveness Performance and user experience Scalability Resource constraints Environmental considerations Future-proofing 15. How do type declaration statements for simple variables affect the readability of a language, considering that some languages do not require them? Type declaration statements can enhance the readability of a language by providing clarity, self-documentation, and error prevention. However, there can be readability trade-offs depending on the context and developer preferences. The impact on readability is subjective and can vary based on the programming language and the specific needs of the project or development team. 18. Many contemporary languages allow two kinds of comments: one in which delimiters are used on both ends (multiple-line comments), and one in which a delimiter marks only the beginning of the comment (on-line comments). Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each of these with respect to our criteria. Advantages of multiple-line comments: 1-Clarity and visibility 2-Commenting large sections 3-Nested comments Disadvantages of multiple-line comments: 1-Verbose for short comments 2-Potential for forgotten closing delimiters Advantages of one-line comments: 1-Conciseness 2-Readability near the commented code 3-Easy toggling Disadvantages of one-line comments: 1-Limited space for explanations 2-Difficulty in commenting out multiple lines Download 14.45 Kb. Share with your friends:
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