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Geological Time Scale

Before beginning the study of the Earth, geology, we must first understand and comprehend the time scale of the Earth. We all know the origin of the Earth precedes us by approximately 4.6 million years. However, that time scale is too large for most of us to comprehend. In order to better understand this enormous time scale you are going to construct a metaphorical time scale.

Directions: Design a time scale of Earth which will include all 4.6 million years of Earth using a unit much smaller than million years. Basically, we are going to be squeezing all 4.6 billion years into a small comprehendible time scale. You must include a minimum of 15 events or important dates on your time scale. Events can include geological eras, important dates, and personal dates. Examples of metaphorical time scales include 1 football field, 1 day, the length of this room in blocks, 1 city block, mass, volume, etc… Be original and creative!!!

Example: In this example I am going to create a metaphorical time scale of 1 football field. Basically, I am going to squeeze all 4.6 million years, and there events, into 1 football field. The event I am going to include is the age of humans (approximately 100,000 years ago).

Known Age of Past Event = Unknown Time Scale Metaphor

Known Age of the Earth Maximum Measurement in Metaphor

(100,000 years) = (X) 1st human on football field in yards

(4,600,000,000 years) 100 yards

(100,000years)(100yards) = (X yards)(4,600,000,000 years)

10,000,000 years yards = (X yards)

4,600,000,000 years

X = .002 Yards

You must create a visual representation of your time scale. You may use items such as construction paper, toilet paper, popsicle sticks, tooth picks, pens, toys, etc.. We are going to hang these in the room. Make sure they are creative and look nice!

Here are some important dates in Earth’s history. However, you may also use your own.



Millions of Years Ago

Event

4600

Origin of the Earth

3900

Oldest Dated Crustal Rocks

3800

Oldest Evidence for Life

2000

First Oxygen Atmosphere/Ozone Layer Forms

900

Oldest Metazoan Fossils

510

Oldest Fossil Fish

458

First Land Plants

440

Bedrock in Oxford Forms/Ohio near the equator

375

That important first step: Amphibians Evolve

245

Huge Mass Extinction at End of Permian Period/
Close of the Paleozoic Era


200

First Mammals

160

First Birds

145

Atlantic Ocean first opens

130

Angiosperms (Flowering Plants) on the Scene

65

Adaptive Radiation of Mammals/Dinosaurs Go Extinct/
Close of the Mesozoic Era/Beginning of the Cenozoic Era


3.4

New discoveries of (LUCY)Australopithecus afarensis fossils from Ethiopia--Males and females show sexual dimorphism

2

Pleistocene Ice Age begins/Light from the Andromeda galaxy seen today left Andromeda 2 x 106 years ago!

.600

Age of Homo erectus fossils from Ethiopia

.125

Oldest rocks in the Bahamas

.100

Homo sapiens appears in the fossil record

.015

Last ice sheet retreats from Ohio

.007

Grahams Harbor, San Salvador, Bahamas floods due to rising sea level after Ice sheets are reduced to modern day volume

.000503

Columbus lands in New World

??

Your Birthday


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