Name: _________________________________ Date___________________ Period: _________
Geological Time Scale
Before beginning the study of the Earth, geology, we must first understand and comprehend the time scale of the Earth. We all know the origin of the Earth precedes us by approximately 4.6 million years. However, that time scale is too large for most of us to comprehend. In order to better understand this enormous time scale you are going to construct a metaphorical time scale.
Directions: Design a time scale of Earth which will include all 4.6 million years of Earth using a unit much smaller than million years. Basically, we are going to be squeezing all 4.6 billion years into a small comprehendible time scale. You must include a minimum of 15 events or important dates on your time scale. Events can include geological eras, important dates, and personal dates. Examples of metaphorical time scales include 1 football field, 1 day, the length of this room in blocks, 1 city block, mass, volume, etc… Be original and creative!!!
Example: In this example I am going to create a metaphorical time scale of 1 football field. Basically, I am going to squeeze all 4.6 million years, and there events, into 1 football field. The event I am going to include is the age of humans (approximately 100,000 years ago).
Known Age of Past Event = Unknown Time Scale Metaphor
Known Age of the Earth Maximum Measurement in Metaphor
(100,000 years) = (X) 1st human on football field in yards
(4,600,000,000 years) 100 yards
(100,000years)(100yards) = (X yards)(4,600,000,000 years)
10,000,000 years yards = (X yards)
4,600,000,000 years
X = .002 Yards
You must create a visual representation of your time scale. You may use items such as construction paper, toilet paper, popsicle sticks, tooth picks, pens, toys, etc.. We are going to hang these in the room. Make sure they are creative and look nice!
Here are some important dates in Earth’s history. However, you may also use your own.
Millions of Years Ago
|
Event
|
4600
|
Origin of the Earth
|
3900
|
Oldest Dated Crustal Rocks
|
3800
|
Oldest Evidence for Life
|
2000
|
First Oxygen Atmosphere/Ozone Layer Forms
|
900
|
Oldest Metazoan Fossils
|
510
|
Oldest Fossil Fish
|
458
|
First Land Plants
|
440
|
Bedrock in Oxford Forms/Ohio near the equator
|
375
|
That important first step: Amphibians Evolve
|
245
|
Huge Mass Extinction at End of Permian Period/
Close of the Paleozoic Era
|
200
|
First Mammals
|
160
|
First Birds
|
145
|
Atlantic Ocean first opens
|
130
|
Angiosperms (Flowering Plants) on the Scene
|
65
|
Adaptive Radiation of Mammals/Dinosaurs Go Extinct/
Close of the Mesozoic Era/Beginning of the Cenozoic Era
|
3.4
|
New discoveries of (LUCY)Australopithecus afarensis fossils from Ethiopia--Males and females show sexual dimorphism
|
2
|
Pleistocene Ice Age begins/Light from the Andromeda galaxy seen today left Andromeda 2 x 106 years ago!
|
.600
|
Age of Homo erectus fossils from Ethiopia
|
.125
|
Oldest rocks in the Bahamas
|
.100
|
Homo sapiens appears in the fossil record
|
.015
|
Last ice sheet retreats from Ohio
|
.007
|
Grahams Harbor, San Salvador, Bahamas floods due to rising sea level after Ice sheets are reduced to modern day volume
|
.000503
|
Columbus lands in New World
|
??
|
Your Birthday
|
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