Objectives You will have mastered the material in this chapter when you can
Press ctrl+t to display the Transform options bar
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| 2 Press ctrl+t to display the Transform options bar.
3 Right-click the selection and then click Skew on the shortcut menu. 4 Drag the right sizing handle slightly outward to create a skewed copy similar to the one in Figure 2-50. 5 Press the enter key to confirm the transformation. Figure 2-50 6 Press ctrl+d to deselect. BTW The History Panel The History panel will list a Duplicate state when the ALT key is used to copy a selection. The word Paste will appear when the Copy and Paste commands are used from the keyboard or menu. The Copy command alone does not affect how the image looks; it merely sends a copy to the system clipboard. Therefore, it is not saved as a state. [END BTW]
The lasso tools are used to draw a freehand selection border around objects, which provides more flexibility than the marquee tools with their standardized shapes, and might be more suitable than the Quick Selection tool when the object has a non-contrasting background. There are three kinds of lasso tools. The first is the default Lasso tool that allows you to create a selection by using the mouse to drag around any object in the document window. You select the Lasso Tool (L) button on the Tools panel. You then begin to drag around the desired area. When you release the mouse, Photoshop connects the selection border to the point where you began dragging, finishing the loop. The Lasso tool is useful for a quick, rough selection. The Polygonal Lasso tool is chosen from the Lasso tool’s context menu. It is similar to the Lasso tool in that it draws irregular shapes in the image; however, the Polygonal Lasso tool uses straight line segments. To use the Polygonal Lasso tool, choose the tool, click in the document window, release the mouse button, and then move the mouse in straight lines, clicking each time you turn a corner. When you get back to the beginning of the polygon, double-click to complete the selection. The Magnetic Lasso tool also can be chosen from the context menu. To use the Magnetic Lasso tool you click close to the edge of the object you wish to select. The Magnetic Lasso tool tries to find the edge of the object by looking for the closest color change. It then attaches the marquee to the pixel on the edge of the color change. As you move the mouse, the Magnetic Lasso tool follows that change with a magnetic attraction. The Magnetic Lasso tool’s marquee displays fastening points on the edge of the object. You can create more fastening points by clicking as you drag, to force a change in direction or to adjust the magnetic attraction. When you get all the way around the object, you click at the connection point to complete the loop, or double-click to have Photoshop connect the loop for you. Because the Magnetic Lasso tool looks for changes in color to define the edges of an object, it might not be as effective for making selections in images with a busy background or images with low contrast. Each of the lasso tools displays its icon as the mouse pointer.
If you are using a different tool, and want to activate the Lasso tool, you can click the Lasso Tool (L) button on the Tools panel or press the l key on the keyboard to select the Lasso tool. Once the Lasso tool is selected, pressing shift+l cycles through the three lasso tools. [END BTW] Table 2-5 describes the three lasso tools.
The Lasso Options Bar Each of the lasso tools displays an options bar similar to the marquee options bar, with buttons to add to, subtract from, and intersect with the selection, as well as the ability to feather the border. The Magnetic Lasso options bar (Figure 2-51) also includes an Anti-alias check box to smooth the borders of a selection. Unique to the Magnetic Lasso options bar, however, is a Contrast box to enter the contrast, or sensitivity of color that Photoshop will consider in making the path selection. A higher value detects only edges that contrast sharply with their surroundings; a lower value detects lower-contrast edges. The Width box causes the Magnetic Lasso tool to detect edges only within the specified distance from the mouse pointer. A Frequency box allows you to specify the rate at which the lasso sets fastening points. A higher value anchors the selection border in place more quickly. A tablet pressure button on the right is used to change the pen width when using a graphic drawing tablet instead of a mouse. Figure 2-51 Using the Lasso Tool You will use the Lasso tool to select the red bell pepper. Then you will subtract or remove any extra white space in the selection using the Magic Wand tool. Finally, you will move the pepper to a location near the others in the advertisement. As you use the Lasso tool, if you make a mistake and want to start over, you can deselect by pressing ctrl+d, and then start again.
The following steps select the red bell pepper by dragging around it. 1 • Right-click the Lasso Tool (L) button on the Tools panel to display the context menu (Figure 2-52). Figure 2-52 2 • Click Lasso Tool to select it. • If necessary, on the options bar, click the New selection button. • Drag around the red bell pepper to create a complete circular area, connecting the beginning and end points (Figure 2-53). Figure 2-53 Other Ways 1. Press l or shift+l until Lasso tool is active, drag photo [END Other Ways]
The following steps select the Magic Wand tool and then subtract the white space from the selection. 1 Right-click the Quick Selection Tool (W) and then click Magic Wand Tool to select it. 2 On the options bar, click the Subtract from selection button, if necessary. 3 Move the mouse pointer to the white space inside the selection and then click to remove the white space (Figure 2-54). Figure 2-54 To Move the Red Bell Pepper The next step moves the selected red bell pepper. 1 Click the Move Tool (V) button on the Tools panel to select it. 2 Drag the selection to a location in the middle of the other peppers as shown in Figure 2-55. Figure 2-55 3 Press ctrl+d to deselect. To Zoom Using Shortcut Keys In preparation for selecting the yellow banana peppers, the next steps zoom using shortcut keys. 1 Press the z key to select the Zoom tool. 2 Click the Zoom In button on the options bar. 3 Click the yellow bell pepper twice to zoom in. Using the Magnetic Lasso Tool You will use the Magnetic Lasso tool to select the yellow bell pepper. Changing the contrast helps detect the edges, increasing the magnetism of the edge of the peppers. Then you will refine the edges and rotate the selection. Finally, you will move the selection to a location near the other peppers in the advertisement. As you use the Magnetic Lasso tool, if you make a mistake and want to start over, double-click to complete the lasso, deselect by pressing ctrl+d. and then start again.
The following steps select the yellow bell pepper by drawing with the Magnetic Lasso tool. 1 • Right-click the current lasso tool and then click Magnetic Lasso Tool to select it from the context menu. • If necessary, on the options bar, click the New selection button. • Double-click the Contrast box and type 75 to replace the value. • Move the mouse pointer close to the edge of the yellow bell pepper to display the Magnetic lasso tool mouse pointer (Figure 2-56).
• Click the edge of the yellow bell pepper to start the selection. • Move the mouse pointer slowly along the edge of the pepper to create the selection line (Figure 2-57). Do not drag.
• Continue moving the mouse pointer around the edge of the pepper. Click the mouse when turning a corner to create an extra fastening point. • When you get all the way around the pepper, double-click to complete the selection (Figure 2-58).
1. Press l or shift+l until Magnetic Lasso tool is active, drag around object [END Other Ways]
You will use the mouse to rotate the yellow bell pepper in the following steps. Recall that the reference point, or the small circle at the center of a selection, serves as the pivot point during rotation. The default placement is in the center of the selection. If you drag the reference point to another location, any rotation performed on the selection will pivot around that new location. 1 • Press ctrl+t to display the transform controls. [EXP] On the options bar, drag the Set Rotation scrubby slider either direction to watch the selection rotate. When you are done, press the esc key to cancel the rotation, and then press ctrl+t again. [END EXP] • Move the mouse to the upper left corner of the yellow pepper, just outside the selection. • When the mouse pointer displays a double-headed curved arrow, drag to the left until the pepper is positioned on its side, as shown in Figure 2-59.
• Press the enter key to confirm the transformation. Other Ways 1. On Edit menu, click Free Transform, drag photo 2. On Edit menu, point to Transform, click desired rotate command 3. On options bar enter degree rotation in Rotate box [END Other Ways]
To move the selection, the following steps use a shortcut keys. 1 Press the z key to activate the Zoom tool. Press ctrl + hyphen (‘) to zoom out as necessary. 2 Press the v key to activate the Move tool. 3 Drag the selection to a location in front of the other peppers as shown in Figure 2-60. Figure 2-60 BTW Cutting and Pasting Just as you do in other applications, you can use the Cut, Copy, and Paste commands from the Edit menu or shortcut keys to make changes to selections. Unless you predefine a selection area by dragging a marquee, the Paste command pastes to the center of the document window. Both the commands and the shortcut keys create a new layer when they copy or paste. [END BTW]
1. To move, click Move Tool (V) button, drag selection 2. To duplicate, on Edit menu click Copy, click Paste, drag copy to new location 3. To duplicate, press ctrl+c, press ctrl+v, drag copy to new location 4. To duplicate, press f3 key, press f4 key, drag copy to new location [END Other Ways] Using the Polygonal Lasso Tool You will use the Polygonal Lasso tool to select the green banana peppers. Then you will remove any extra white space in the selection using the Magic Wand tool. Finally, you will move the selection to a location in front of the other peppers, aligned with the right vertical guide. As you use the Polygonal Lasso tool, if you make a mistake and want to start over, double-click to finish the lasso, deselect by pressing ctrl+d, and then start again.
The following steps select the green banana peppers by drawing lines around them with the Polygonal Lasso tool. 1 • Right-click the Lasso Tool (L) button on the Tools panel to display the context menu and then click Polygonal Lasso to select the tool. • If necessary, on the options bar, click the New selection button.
• Click below the green banana peppers on the lower left corner to begin the first line. • Move the mouse pointer to the right to create the first line. Do not drag or click (Figure 2-61).
• Move the mouse pointer just past the green banana peppers and then click to create a corner and start a new line. • Move the mouse pointer up to create the second line segment (Figure 2-62). Do not overlap any other pepper.
• Continue creating line segments by moving the mouse pointer and clicking each time you need to change direction. • When you complete the lines all the way around the pepper, double-click to connect them and complete the selection (Figure 2-63).
1. Press l or shift+l until Polygonal Lasso tool is active, click photo, move mouse [END Other Ways]
To remove the white space in the selection, the following steps use shortcut keys. 1 Press the w key to select the Magic Wand tool. 2 On the options bar, click to remove the check mark in the contiguous check box so the Magic Wand tool will select the white area both around and in between the peppers. 3 alt+click the white space inside the selection to remove it (Figure 2-64). Figure 2-64 To Move Again The following step moves the green banana peppers. 1 Press the v key to activate the Move tool. 2 Drag the green banana peppers to a location slightly lower than the yellow bell pepper and centered on the right vertical guide as shown in Figure 2-65. Figure 2-65 3 Press ctrl+d to deselect. The Grow and Similar Commands A quick way to increase the size of a selection, without using the Refine Edge dialog box, is to use the Grow or Similar commands on the Select menu. The Grow command increases the selection border to include all adjacent pixels falling within the tolerance range as specified in the options bar of most selection tools. The Similar command increases the selection to include pixels throughout the selection, not just adjacent ones, which fall within the specified tolerance range. Choosing either command more than once will increase the selection in increments. Using either the Grow or Similar commands helps avoid leaving behind a ghost shadow when you move the selection. In the next sections, you will select the red chili pepper and then grow the selection to avoid leaving a shadow when you move it.
• Click Select on the menu bar to display the Select menu (Figure 2-67). [Q] Will I notice a big difference after I use the Grow command? [END Q] [A] You might not see the subtle change in the selection marquee; however, growing the border helps ensure that you will not leave behind a shadow when you move the selection. [END A] Figure 2-67 2 Click Grow to increase the selection border. To Move the Red Chili Pepper 1 Press the z key to activate the Zoom tool. 2 Press ctrl+minus sign (-) to zoom out. 3 Press the v key to activate the Move tool. 2 Drag the red chili pepper to a location in front of the closest yellow bell pepper, approximately centered on the vertical guide, as shown in Figure 2-68. Figure 2-68 3 Press ctrl+d to deselect. Finishing the Advertisement Using the skills you have learned about selecting, moving, duplicating, and rotating, you will finish the advertisement. First, you will select and move the orange habanero pepper. Then, you will create a duplicate, rotate, and move it to its final location in the advertisement. As a final step, you will crop the advertisement to center the peppers. To Select and Move the Orange Habanero Pepper 1 Use any of the selection tools to select the orange habanero pepper. 2 Use the Magic Wand tool to subtract the white space in the selection, if necessary. 3 Use the Grow command on the Select menu to increase the selection border. 4 Press the v key to activate the Move tool, 5 ctrl+drag to move the orange habanero pepper to a location just in front of the other peppers, as shown in Figure 2-69. Do not deselect. Figure 2-69 To Create the Copy of the Orange Habanero Pepper 1 With the orange habanero pepper still selected, alt+drag to create a duplicate copy next to the original. 2 Display the transform controls by pressing ctrl+t. 3 Drag outside the selection to rotate the orange habanero pepper until the stem points down. Press the enter key to confirm the transformation. 4 Move the copy to the left of the original, as shown in Figure 2-70. Figure 2-70 5 Press ctrl+d to deselect. To Crop the Advertisment Finally, you will crop the advertisement to center the peppers, including a minimal amount of border. 1 Press the c key to access the Crop tool. 2 Drag from the top border to create a crop that leaves an even amount of white space on all four sides, as shown in Figure 2-71. Figure 2-71 Saving an Image with the Same File Name You will save the image again, with the same file name, using a shortcut key. To Save Using a Shortcut Key 1 Press ctrl+s to save the file with the same name. Plan Ahead Create files in portable formats. You might have to distribute your artwork in a variety of formats for customers, print shops, Webmasters and e-mail attachments. The format you choose depends on the purpose, but portability is always a consideration. The document might need to be used with various operations systems, resolutions, computing environments, and servers. It is a good idea to discuss with your customer the types of formats he or she might need. It usually is safe to begin work in the Photoshop PSD format and then use the Save as command or Print command to convert. PDF is a portable format that can be read by anyone on the Web with a free reader, the PDF format is platform and software independent. Commonly, PDF files are virus free and safe as e-mail attachments.
The final step is to create a PDF file of the advertising image for document exchange. PDF stands for Portable Document Format, a flexible file format based on the PostScript imaging model that is cross-platform and cross-application. PDF files accurately display and preserve fonts, page layouts, and graphics. There are two ways to create a PDF file in Photoshop. First, you can save it in the PDF format. Alternately, you can Use the Print command to create the PDF format, which allows you to make some changes to the settings before saving. Recall that in Chapter 1 you printed using the Print dialog box with printer settings such as scaling, paper size, orientation, color management, and the number of copies. Photoshop’s Print dialog box is standard to all output types such as printers, fax machines, One Note software, and PDF format. The dialog box also allows you to convert the photo to a positive or negative image on film. You can use the film to create a master plate for printing by a mechanical press.
Directory: access -> content content -> Epid799, spring 2015, Student posts in Sakai forum as of 3/18/2015 5pm content -> I. the case for change we are living in the middle of the largest increase in expressive capability in the history of the human race content -> JForum 6 Grading of Discussions content -> University of Virginia Department of Politics plir 4500: nato’s Strategic Challenges Fall 2016 Prof. Erwan Lagadec Class meets content -> Modern Social & Political Theory c. 1790-1920 Course description content -> Publications and communications content -> Paper 3304 This paper is subscription-led, so may not be available. Please discuss with your tutor content -> Guide to Electoral Reform Download 256.19 Kb. Share with your friends:
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