A careful consideration of study, regarding a particular problem, using a scientific method

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Research
- A careful consideration of study, regarding a particular problem, using a scientific method
- A systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict and control the observed phenomenon
- It’s the process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data in order to understand a phenomenon (Leedy &
Ormrod)
the research can be classified depending on its purpose as:
• Action
• Applied
• Basic
• Clinical
• Empirical
• Administrative
• Theoretical
• Qualitative
• Quantitative .
The research process is systematic in that defining the objective, managing the data, and communicating the
findings occur within established frameworks and in accordance with existing guidelines
• These guidelines provide researchers with
1)an indication of what to include in the research.
2)how to perform the research
3)what type of inference are probable (the predict usually based on the collected data
).
Research Question (RQ)
is essentiality before starting any research
, since it identifies the problem to be studied and guides the methodology to investigate the problem intro
It leads to building up of an appropriate hypothesis (Hs)
After that, the researcher can analyze the findings or observations to do to draw an appropriate conclusion
RQ aims to explore an existing uncertainty in an area of concern and points to a need for deliberate investigation .
A good RQ helps support a focused arguable thesis and the construction of a logical argument.
ﻲﻘﻄﻨﻣو ﺪﻴﺟ لاﻮﺴﻟا اذا
لاﻮﺴﻟا عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﻋ ﻲﻘﻄﻨﻣ شﺎﻘﻧ ﺮﻴﺼﺑ
Research Method
Research methods or approaches are plans and procedures for research that span the steps from broad assumptions to detailed methods of data collection, analysis and interpretation.
The selection of a research method is based on the:
• Nature of the research problem or issue being addressed.
• The researchers’ personal experiences.
• The audiences for the study.
The overall decision (in research method) involves which approach should be used to study a topic.
-Informing this decision should be:
• The philosophical assumptions the researcher brings to the study
• Procedures of inquiry (called research designs)
• Specific research methods of data collection, analysis, and interpretation.
Two types of research methods:
• Inductive: used to analyze and observe events.
(Associated with Qualitative)
• Deductive: used to verify and observe events.
(Associated with Quantitative)
Purpose of Research
Exploratory: it is conducted to explore a group of questions. The answers and analytics may not offer a final conclusion to the perceived problem.
It is conducted to handle new problem areas which haven’t been explored before.
So, this exploratory process lays the foundation for more conclusive research and data collection
Descriptive: focuses on expanding knowledge on current issues through a process of data collection. In a descriptive study, only one variable is required to conduct the study
The three main purposes of descriptive research are
-describing
-explaining
- validating the findings.
Explanatory(causal research): is conducted to understand the impact of certain changes in existing standard procedures.
-
Conducting experiment s is the most popular form of casual research.
-For example: a study conducted to understand the effect of information technology on patient safety
Health Informatics Research intro
- Research is critical in evolving and understanding how health information technology and systems support the quality of healthcare delivery, the cost-effective and patient safety
- So, it's urgent that the disciplines such as health informatics and health information management to validate the body of knowledge through systematic investigation and evaluation based on sound research methods
Health informatics research is the investigation of the process, application, and impact of computer science, information systems, and communication technologies on health services.
• Evaluation research in health informatics consists of a set of methods to explore the impact of new or existing processes on healthcare quality and patient safety
- Knowledge built on information from health informatics research can increase the effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare delivery.
• For example, a comprehensive review of the literature found that clinical decision support systems improved health practitioners’ performance in 64% of studies .
- Healthcare data and information are used for primary and secondary purposes such as direct patient care, reimbursement, patient safety, legal issues, healthcare policy, quality improvement, public health, bio-surveillance, and healthcare cost containment.
Topics Covered by Health Informatics Research
- Principles of health information and communication systems
- Fundamental natures of health information and communication systems.
- Factors that affect health information and communication systems
- Interventions capable of improving existing health information and communication systems
- Methods and principles of developing interventions
- Evaluation of interventions in terms of their effects on individuals, the organization, the work or its outcome, and societies
Global Health
- Global health is an area for study, research, and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide.
• Global health emphasizes transnational health issues, determinants, and solutions.
• Involves many disciplines within and beyond the health sciences and promotes interdisciplinary collaboration.
• Is a synthesis of population-based prevention with individual-level clinical care.
- Global public health security is defined as the activities required, both proactive and reactive, to minimize vulnerability to acute public health events that endanger the collective health of populations living across geographical regions and international boundaries.
Global Health Informatics
Global health informatics is the informatics discipline focused on empowering people to use appropriate technology to provide information-based solutions with a global perspective that support health care for all.
- The mission of global health informatics is to share informatics knowledge, skills, and research, and foster local innovations to promote the highest standards of health for all with an emphasis on low income, low resource countries and the medically underserved example
Global Public Health Informatics (GPHI) contours public health programs by relying on
“electronic disease surveillance systems and other web- based reporting systems” to deliver critical information with which to make informed decisions .
The main object of the GPHI is to advance the science of public health informatics and further the disease control international objectives.
• The global public health community encourage data-driven decisions and implement best practices to create, refine, and carry out an international health information systems .
Effect of GPHI on Public Health
- There are two biggest existing projects as examples of
GPHI
1- The National Disease Surveillance and Health
Surveillance Network programs are being cultivated and applied in Saudi Arabia.
2- The Electronic Integrated Disease Surveillance System, that synthesizes geographic information, demographics, lab analysis, data collection, clinical information, and epidemiological analysis.
- These projects aim to expand the public health informatics capabilities of participating countries, which will eventually lead to an improvement in global public health as a whole.
• That philosophy underpins the rationale of GPHI as well → which is that advances in health informatics will help the world as a whole better monitor and combat disease outbreaks.
For useful information and more research about health informatics field, here is a list of some organizations and journals available worldwide
• International Medical Informatics Association
(www.imia.org)
• American Medical Informatics Association
(www.amia.org)
• Australian College of Health Informatics
(www.ACHI.org.au)
• Health Informatics Society of Australia
(www.hisa.org.au)
• Asia Pacific Association of Medical Informatics
• Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association
(JAMIA)
• International Journal of Medical Informatics
• Electronic Journal of Health Informatics (eJHI)
ﻊﻗﻮﺘﺒﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟﺎﺑ ﻢﺘﻬﺘﺑ تﺎﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﻞىﻋ ﺔﻠﺜﻣأ ﻢﻬﻧأ ﺪﺼﻘﺑ رﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟا ﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ
تﺎﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ
- It embraces a wide range of complex and daunting issues, from the international stage to the individual household, including the health consequences of poverty, wars and conflicts, climate change, natural catastrophes and man-made disasters.
• So, global health security, or the lack of it, may also have an impact on economic or political stability, trade, tourism, access to goods and services and, if they occur repeatedly, on demographic stability