Personal Research Database

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat164, 473.pdf

Abstract: The adsorption characteristics of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) on activated carbon prepared from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) were evaluated. The effects of TCP initial concentration, agitation time, solution pH and temperature on TCP adsorption were investigated. TCP adsorption uptake was found to increase with increase in initial concentration, agitation time and solution temperature whereas adsorption of TCP was more favourable at acidic pH. The adsorption equilibrium data were best represented by the Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. The adsorption kinetics was found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The mechanism of the adsorption process was determined from the intraparticle diffusion model. Boyd plot revealed that the adsorption of TCP on the activated carbon was mainly governed by particle diffusion. Thermodynamic parameters such as standard enthalpy (ΔH°), standard entropy (ΔS°), standard free energy (ΔG°) and activation energy were determined. The regeneration efficiency of the spent activated carbon was high, with TCP desorption of 99.6%. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol, Adsorption, Agricultural Waste, Aqueous-Solutions, Coconut Husk, Coir Pith, Desorption, Dye Adsorption, Isotherm, Kinetics, Liquid-Phase Adsorption, Methylene-Blue, Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Activated Carbon, Phenolic-Compounds, Pith Carbon, Response-Surface Methodology

? Wawrzkiewicz, M. and Hubicki, Z. (2009), Removal of tartrazine from aqueous solutions by strongly basic polystyrene anion exchange resins. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 164 (2-3), 502-509.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat164, 502.pdf

Abstract: The removal of tartrazine from aqueous solutions onto the strongly basic polystyrene anion exchangers of type 1 (Amberlite IRA-900) and type 2 (Amberlite IRA-910) was investigated. The experimental data obtained at 100, 200,300 and 500 mg/dm(3) initial concentrations at 20C were applied to the pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and Weber-Morris kinetic models. The calculated sorption capacities (q(e,cal)) and the rate constant of the first order adsorption (k(1)) were determined. The pseudo-second order kinetic constants (k(2)) and capacities were calculated from the plots of t/q(t) vs. t, 1/q(t) vs. 1/t, 1/t vs. 1/q(t) and q(t)/t vs. q(t) for type 1, type 2, type 3 and type 4 of the pseudo-second order expression, respectively. The influence of phase contact time, solution pH and temperature on tartrazine removal was also discussed. The FrlR spectra of pure anion exchangers and those loaded with tartrazine were recorded, too. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Anion Exchanger, Dye, Equilibrium, Fly-Ash, Kinetics, Mechanism, Methylene-Blue, Nonlinear-Regression Analysis, Reactive Dyes, Removal, Rice Husk, Sorption, Sorption Kinetics, Tree Fern

? Escudero, C., Fiol, N., Villaescusa, I. and Bollinger, J.C. (2009), Arsenic removal by a waste metal (hydr)oxide entrapped into calcium alginate beads. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 164 (2-3), 533-541.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat164, 533.pdf

Abstract: In this work, a solid waste material from an electroplating industrial plant has been investigated for As(III) and As(V) sorption. This sorbent, a mixture of mainly Fe(III) and Ni(II) (hydr)oxides, has been used both in its native form and entrapped in Calcium alginate. The effect of sorbent concentration in the gel bead, solution pH, contact time and As(III) and As(V) concentration on sorption has been studied. Furthermore the effect of the gel matrix has been investigated. A 10% (w/v) of (hydr)oxide in the gel beads was found to provide both spherical beads shape and good sorption performance. Solution pH was found to exert a stronger influence in As(V) than in As(III) sorption. The optimum pH range resulted to be within 5-10 for As(III) and within 6-9 for As(V). Taking into account these results, pH 8 was chosen for further sorption experiments. Equilibrium was reached after 48 h contact time for the studied systems. Kinetics data of both As(III) and As(V) onto native (hydr)oxide (0) and entrapped in calcium alginate beads (10% O-CA) were successfully modelled according to pseudo-first and pseudo-second order equations. Sorption equilibrium data were evaluated by the Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum capacity q(max) were 77.4 and 126.5 mgg^-1 for As(III) on 0 and 10% O-CA, and 26.8 and 41.6 mgg^-1 forAs(V) on 0 and 10% O-CA, respectively. The entrapment of the (hydr)oxide in a calcium alginate gel matrix improved the As(III) and As(V) sorption by 60%. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Arsenic, Calcium Alginate, Entrapment, Equilibrium, Fe, Ferrihydrite, Iron, Iron, Kinetics, Oxide Adsorbent, Remediation, Sorption, Sorption, Waste (hydr)oxide, Water

? Jain, R. and Sikarwar, S. (2009), Adsorptive removal of Erythrosine dye onto activated low cost de-oiled mustard. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 164 (2-3), 627-633.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat164, 627.pdf

Abstract: The present paper is aimed to investigate and develop cheap adsorption methods for colour removal from wastewater using waste material de-oiled mustard as adsorbent. De-oiled mustard, a biosorbent, was successfully utilized for removing a water-soluble xanthene dye, Erythrosine from wastewater. Kinetic studies of adsorption of Erythrosine at de-oiled mustard were carried out at 30 degrees C, using aqueous solutions with 5 x 10(-5) M concentration of Erythrosine. The adsorption process followed a pseudo-first order model. The equilibrium process can be well described by both Freundlich and Langmuir models, at 30, 40 and 50 degrees C. Free energy of adsorption (Delta G degrees), enthalpy (Delta H degrees), and entropy (Delta S degrees) changes were calculated to predict the nature of adsorption. The estimated values for Delta G degrees were -12.81 x 10(3) and -12.57 x 10(3) over activated carbon and activated de-oiled mustard at 203 K (30,C), indicate toward a spontaneous process. The positive value for Delta H degrees indicates that the adsorption of Erythrosine dye to de-oiled mustard is an endothermic process. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solutions, Azo-Dye, Basic Dye, COD, Color Removal, De-Oiled Mustard, Energy, Equilibrium, Erythrosine, Fly-Ash, Freundlich, Hazardous Dye, Hen Feathers, Kinetic, Kinetic Studies, Langmuir, Materials-Bottom Ash, Methylene-Blue, Model, Pseudo-First Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Removal, Waste-Water, Wastewater

? Xu, J.J., Ao, Y.H., Fu, D.G. and Yuan, C.W. (2009), Study on photocatalytic performance and degradation kinetics of X-3B with lanthanide-modified titanium dioxide under solar and UV illumination. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 164 (2-3), 762-768.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat164, 762.pdf

Abstract: The present work was focused on photocatalytic oxidation of the model molecule reactive brilliant X-3B by lanthanide-modified TiO₂ samples under artificial solar and UV irradiation. Experimental results showed that the TiO₂ samples doping with lanthanide (Ce and Gd) could greatly enhance the activity of pure TiO₂, and could extend the absorption range to visible region. The optimum doping amount was 0.2 and 0.5 at.% for Ce- and Gd-doped TiO₂ particles, respectively. The degradation kinetics of X-3B on Ce-doped TiO₂, Gd-doped TiO₂, and pure TiO₂ were studied as well. The results exhibited that the degradation of X-3B on all the samples were in accordance with the first-order model. The trend of apparent reaction rate constants k(app) was as follows, Gd-doped TiO₂ > Ce-doped TiO₂ > pure TiO₂, under solar illumination. Scatchard plot analysis was used to evaluate the adsorption phenomena of as-prepared samples, and it indicated that lanthanide doping can improve the efficiency of interfacial adsorption of TiO₂ samples. The trend was the same as that of photocatalytic activity. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Analysis, Aqueous-Solution, Azo-Dye, Catalysts, Decolorization, Doped TiO₂ Nanoparticles, Doping, First Order, Hydrolysis, Kinetics, Model, Oxidation, Particles, Photocatalysis, Scatchard Plot, TiO₂, Titanium Dioxide, Titanium Oxide, Trend, Visible-Light Irradiation, Water, X-3B

? Kumar, A.K., Mohan, S.V. and Sarma, P.N. (2009), Sorptive removal of endocrine-disruptive compound (estriol, E3) from aqueous phase by batch and column studies: Kinetic and mechanistic evaluation. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 164 (2-3), 820-828.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat164, 820.pdf

Abstract: Endocrine disruptive compounds (EDC) area wide variety of chemicals which typically exert effects, either directly or indirectly, through receptor-mediated processes. They mimic endogenous hormones by influencing the activities of hormone activities even at nanogram concentrations and reported to disrupt the vital systems (e.g., the endocrine system) in aquatic organisms. The EDC are present in aquatic water bodies and sediments mainly due to the release of human and animal excreted waste. Estriol (E3) removal by adsorption process was investigated in this study to evaluate the potential of activated charcoal as adsorbent. Agitated non-flow batch sorption studies showed good E3 removal efficiency. Sorption kinetic data illustrated good fit with pseudo-first-order rate equation. Experimental data confirmed to linear Langmuir’s isotherm model. Neutral pH condition showed comparatively good sorption of E3. Adsorption capacity showed a consistent increasing trend with increase in the operating temperature [ΔH°, -9.189 kJ/mol); ΔS°, 0.492J/mol K) suggesting exothermic nature of E3 sorption process. Free energy (ΔG degrees) increased from 2.51 to 2.97 kJ/mol with increase in temperature from 0 to 50C. Further, E3 spiked distilled water, untreated domestic sewage and treated domestic sewage were studied in fixed bed column to assesses the potential of sorption process as tertiary unit operation in the ETP system. Total E3 concentration was determined quantitatively by employing direct competitive enzymatic-immuno assay (EIA) procedure. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated-Sludge Process, Adsorption-Kinetics, Azo-Dye, Biosorption, Carbon, Degradation, Desorption, Domestic Sewage, Enzymatic-Immuno Assay (EIA), Estrogens, Fluoride, Intra-Particle Diffusion Model, Reactive Dyes, Sorption, Synthetic Estrogen, Temperature, Waste-Water

? Hameed, B.H. and Ahmad, A.A. (2009), Batch adsorption of Methylene blue from aqueous solution by garlic peel, an agricultural waste biomass. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 164 (2-3), 870-875.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat164, 870.pdf

Abstract: The potential of garlic peel (GP), agricultural waste, to remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution was evaluated in a batch process. Experiments were carried out as function of contact time, initial concentration (25-200 mg/L), pH (4-12) and temperature (303, 313 and 323 K). Adsorption isotherms were modeled with the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms. The data fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities were found to be 82.64, 123.45, and 142.86 mg/g at 303,313, and 323 K. respectively. The kinetic data were analyzed using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. The results indicated that the garlic peel could be an alternative for more costly adsorbents used for dye removal. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Basic Dye, Biosorption, Equilibrium, Garlic Peel, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetics, Methylene Blue, Palm Ash, Removal, Sorption, Thermodynamics

? Zvinowanda, C.M., Okonkwo, J.O., Sekhula, M.M., Agyei, N.M. and Sadiku, R. (2009), Application of maize tassel for the removal of Pb, Se, Sr, U and V from borehole water contaminated with mine wastewater in the presence of alkaline metals. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 164 (2-3), 884-891.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat164, 884.pdf

Abstract: In this study, the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions by tassel powder was studied and optimised. Batch experiments were conducted on simulated solutions using tassel powder adsorbent and the effects of contact time, pH and concentration on the extent of Pb(II) removal was studied. Equilibrium and kinetic models for Pb(II) sorption were developed by considering the effect of contact time and concentration at optimum pH 4 and fixed temperature (25C). The Freundlich model was found to describe the sorption energetics of Pb(II) on tassel more fully than the Langmuir. A maximum Pb(II) loading capacity of 333.3 mg/g on tassel was obtained. The adsorption process could be well described by both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms with R-2 values of 0.957 and 0.972, respectively. The kinetic parameters were obtained by fitting data from the effect of contact time on adsorption capacity into the pseudo-first, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion equations. The kinetics of Pb(II) on tassel surface was well defined using linearity coefficients (R-2) by pseudo-second-order (0.999), followed by pseudo-first-order (0.795) and lastly intra-particle diffusion (0.6056), respectively. The developed method was then applied to environmental samples taken from borehole waters contaminated with mine wastewater. The removal of Pb (ND-100%), Se (100%), Sr (5.41-59.0%), U (100%) and V (46.1-100%) was attained using tassel. The uptake of the metals from environmental samples was dependent on pH, ionic strength and levels of other competing species. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acid, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Biosorption, Borehole Water, Cu, Heavy Metal, Heavy-Metals, Ions, Maize Tassel, Simulated Samples, Sorption, Uranium(VI)

? Jha, M.K., Van Nguyen, N., Lee, J.C., Jeong, J. and Yoo, J.M. (2009), Adsorption of copper from the sulphate solution of low copper contents using the cationic resin Amberlite IR 120. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 164 (2-3), 948-953.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat164, 948.pdf

Abstract: In view of the increasing importance of the waste processing and recycling to meet the strict environmental regulations, the present investigation reports an adsorption process using the cationic exchanger Amberlite IR 120 for the recovery/removal of copper from the synthetic sulphate solution containing copper <= 0.7 mg/mL similar to the CMP waste effluent of electronic industry. Various process parameters, viz. contact time, solution pH, resin dose, and acid concentration of eluant were investigated for the adsorption of copper from the effluents. The 99.99% copper was found to be adsorbed from the sulphate solution containing copper 0.3-0.7 mg/mL of solution (feed pH 5) at A/R ratio 100 and eq. pH 2.5 in contact time 14 min. The mechanism for the adsorption of copper was found to follow Langmuir isotherm and second order From the loaded organic, copper was eluted effectively by 1.8 M sulphuric acid at A/R ratio 25. The raffinate obtained after the recovery copper could be disposed safely without affecting the environment. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Copper, Ion Exchange, Electronic Effluents, Amberlite IR-120, Rayon Waste Effluent, Ion-Exchange-Resins, Aqueous-Solution, Removal, Cu(II), Zinc, Thermodynamics, Biosorption, Nickel(II), Extraction

? Dubey, S.P. and Gopal, K. (2009), Application of natural adsorbent from silver impregnated Arachis hypogaea based thereon in the processes of hexavalent chromium for the purification of water. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 164 (2-3), 968-975.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat164, 968.pdf

Abstract: Different industries generate huge amounts of chromium, both in solid and liquid form which leached out and find their way to the aquifers. Here we report the removal of Cr(VI) by the silver impregnated activated carbon developed from agricultural waste material at pH 3 from drinking water. Result revealed that adsorption of chromium(VI) on silver impregnated groundnut husk carbon was endothermic in nature. Thermodynamic parameters such as the entropy change, enthalpy change and Gibbs free energy change were found to be 1.68 kJ mol^-1 K^-1, 0.46 kJ mol^-1 and -4.38 kJ mol^-1, respectively. The measured adsorption kinetics is well described by a pseudo first-order kinetic model. The effect of flow rate, column depth and initial concentration of chromium(VI) on the removal of chromium by the impregnated adsorb ent is presented. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Electron Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) and FTIR analysis show that the silver is impregnated on the surface. Shifts in the FTIR spectra suggest that dichromate binding occurs with silver and other functional groups and that silver treated groundnut husk carbon removes chromium. The 96h static acute toxicity test was conducted to ensure the safe disposal of the used adsorbent. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Biosorption, Chitosan, Column Study, Cr(VI), Equilibrium, Ion-Exchange-Resins, Kinetics, Kinetics, Removal, Safety Evaluation, Thermodynamics, Waste-Water

? Pehlivan, E., Altun, T. and Parlayıcı, S. (2009), Utilization of barley straws as biosorbents for Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 164 (2-3), 982-986.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat164, 982.pdf

Abstract: The potential to remove Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ ion from aqueous solutions through biosorption using barley straw (BS) was investigated in batch experiments. The main parameters influencing Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ ion sorption on BS were: initial metal ion concentration, amount of adsorbent, contact time and pH value of solution. The influences of initial Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ ion concentration (0.1-1 mM), pH (2-9), contact time (10-240 min) and adsorbent amount (0.1-1.0g) have been reported. Equilibrium isotherms have been measured and modelled. The percent adsorption of Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions increased with an increase in pH and dosage of treated BS. The biosorptive capacity of the BS was dependent on the pH of Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ ion solution. Adsorption of Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ ion was in all cases pH dependent showing a maximum at equilibrium pH value at 6.0. The equilibrium sorption capacities of Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ after 2 h were 4.64 mg/g and 23.20 mg/g for BS, respectively. The adsorption data fit well with the Langmuir isotherm model and the experimental result inferred that complexation on surface, adsorption (chemisorption) and ion exchange is one of the major adsorption mechanisms for binding Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ ion to the sorbents. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Aqueous-Solutions, Barley, Biosorption, Copper(II) Ions, Cu(II), Heavy-Metal Ions, Isotherm, Lead Ions, Removal, Sorption, Straw, Toxic Metals, Waste-Water

? Sarı, A. and Tuzen, M. (2009), Kinetic and equilibrium studies of biosorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution by macrofungus (Amanita rubescens) biomass. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 164 (2-3), 1004-1011.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat164, 1004.pdf

Abstract: The biosorption characteristics of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution using the macrofungus (Amanita rubescens) biomass were investigated as a function of pH, biomass dosage, contact time, and temperature. Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Raclushkevich (D-R) models were applied to describe the biosorption isotherm of the metal ions by A. rubescens biomass. Langmuir model fitted the equilibrium data better than the Freundlich isotherm. The maximum biosorption capacity of A. rubescens for Pb(II) and Cd(II) was found to be 38.4 and 27.3 mg/g, respectively, at optimum conditions of pH 5.0, contact time of 30 min, biomass dosage of 4g/L, and temperature of 20C. The metal ions were desorbed from A. rubescens using both 1 M HCl and 1 M HNO3. The recovery for both metal ions was found to be higher than 90%. The high stability of A. rubescens permitted ten times of adsorption-elution process along the studies without a decrease about 10% in recovery of both metal ions. The mean free energy values evaluated from the D-R model indicated that the biosorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) onto A. rubescens biomass was taken place by chemical ion-exchange. The calculated thermodynamic parameters, G, H and S showed that the biosorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions onto A. rubescens biomass was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic under examined conditions. Experimental data were also tested in terms of biosorption kinetics using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The results showed that the biosorption processes of both Pb(II) and Cd(II) followed well pseudo-second-order kinetics. Based on all results, It can be also concluded that it can be evaluated as an alternative biosorbent to treatment wastewater containing Pb(II)and Cd(II) ions, since A. rubescens is low-cost biomass and has a considerable high biosorption capacity. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Amanita Rubescens, Biosorption, Botrytis-Cinerea, Cd(II), Cu(II) Ions, Heavy-Metals, Kinetic, Lead(II) Ions, Macrofungus, Pb(II), Phanerochaete-Chrysosporium, Pretreated Aspergillus-Niger, Response-Surface Methodology, Rhizopus-Arrhizus, Saccharomyces-Cerevisiae

? Chatterjee, S. and Woo, S.H. (2009), The removal of nitrate from aqueous solutions by chitosan hydrogel beads. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 164 (2-3), 1012-1018.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat164, 1012.pdf

Abstract: A physico-chemical investigation of the adsorption of nitrate by chitosan hydrobeads was conducted. The adsorption of nitrate by chitosan hydrobeads was increased with a decrease in the pH of the solution. The adsorption process was found to be temperature dependant with an optimum activity at 30C. Adsorption capacity was found to decrease with increases in temperature after 30C, indicating the exothermic nature of this process. Theoretical correlation of the experimental equilibrium adsorption data for the nitrate-chitosan hydrobeads system was properly explained by the Langmuir isotherm model. This was supported by the fact that homogeneity index was close to unity (0.98-1.08) from Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity was 92.1 mg/g at 30C. The kinetic results corresponded well with the pseudo-second-order rate equation. Intra-particle diffusion also played a significant role at the initial stage of the adsorption process. Thermodynamic parameters such as the Gibbs free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS) for the nitrate adsorption were estimated. Results suggest that the adsorption process is a spontaneous, exothermic process that has positive entropy. Desorption of nitrate from the loaded beads was accomplished by increasing the pH of the solution to the alkaline range, and a desorption ratio of 87% was achieved around pH 12.0. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption-Kinetics, Biosorption, Chitosan, Cr(VI), Denitrification, Desorption, Dye, Hydrobeads, Hydrogel Beads, Ions, Nitrate, Nitrite, Sorption

? Vijayaraghavan, K., Teo, T.T., Balasubramanian, R. and Joshi, U.M. (2009), Application of Sargassum biomass to remove heavy metal ions from synthetic multi-metal solutions and urban storm water runoff. Journal of Hazardous Materials,