Personal Research Database

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat163, 441.pdf

Abstract: In the present work, we have investigated the sorption efficiency of treated olive stones (TOS) towards cadmium and safranine removal from their respective aqueous solutions. TOS material was prepared by treatment of olive stones with concentrated sulfuric acid at room temperature followed up by a subsequent neutralization with 0.1 M NaOH aqueous solution. The resulting material has been thoroughly characterized by SEM, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), MAS C-13 NMR, FTIR and physicochemical parameters were calculated. The sorption study of TOS at the solid-liquid interface was investigated using kinetics, sorption isotherms, pH effect and thermodynamic parameters. The preliminary results indicate that TOS exhibit a better efficiency in terms of sorption capacities toward the two pollutants (128.2 and 526.3 mg/g for cadmium and safranine, respectively) than those reported so far in the literature. Moreover, the sorption process is ascertained to occur fast enough so that the equilibrium is reached in less than 15 min of contact time. The results found in the course of this study suggest that ion exchange mechanism is the most appropriate mechanism involved in cadmium and safranine removal. Finally, the sorption efficiency of TOS is compared to those of other low-cost sorbents materials yet described in the literature. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acid, Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Cadmium, Cadmium Ions, Capacity, Cd(II), Equilibrium, Isotherms, Kinetics, Olive Stone, pH, Safranine, Sorption, Sorption, Water

? Pehlivan, E. and Cetin, S. (2009), Sorption of Cr(VI) ions on two Lewatit-anion exchange resins and their quantitative determination using UV-visible spectrophotometer. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 163 (1), 448-453.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat163, 448.pdf

Abstract: The sorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions with macroporous resins which contain quarternary amine groups (Lewatit MP 64 and Lewatit MP 500) was studied at varying Cr(VI) concentration, adsorbent dose. pH, contact time and temperature. Batch shaking sorption experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance of Lewatit MP 64 and Lewatit MP 500 anion exchange resins in the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. The concentration of Cr(VI) in aqueous solution was determined by UV-visible spectrophotometer. The ion exchange process, which is dependent on pH, showed maximum removal of Cr(VI) in the pH range 3-7 for an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 110^-3 M. The optimum pH for Cr(VI) adsorption was found as 5.0 for Lewatit MP 64 and 6.0 for Lewatit MP 500. The maximum Cr(VI) adsorption at pH 5.0 is 0.40 and 0.41 mmol/g resin for Lewatit MP 64 and Lewatit MP 500 anion exchangers, respectively. The maximum chromium sorption occurred at approximately 60 min for Lewatit MP 64 and 75 min for Lewatit MP 500. The suitability of the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models was also investigated for each chromium-sorbent system. The uptake of Cr(VI) by the anion exchange resins was reversible and so it has good potential for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. Both ion exchangers had high bonding constants but Lewatit MP 500 showed stronger binding. The rise in the temperature caused a slight decrease in the value of the equilibrium constant (K-c) for the sorption of Cr(VI) ion. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Anion Exchange Resin, Batch Adsorption, Chromium, Adsorption Isotherms, Atomic-Absorption-Spectrometry, Waste-Water, Aqueous-Solutions, Selective Removal, Total Chromium, Chromate Ion, Adsorption, Speciation, Chromatography, Aliquat-336

? Bouraada, M., Belhalfaoui, F., Ouali, M.S. and de Menorval, L.C. (2009), Sorption study of an acid dye from an aqueous solution on modified Mg-Al layered double hydroxides. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 163 (1), 463-467.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat163, 463.pdf

Abstract: In this paper, experimental methods and results are reported on the removal of the dye Green Bezanyl-F2B (an acid dye) from MgAlCO₃ (HT) and from intercalated anionic surfactant, “sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS)”, into the Mg-Al layered double hydroxides by the calcination-rehydration reaction using Mg-Al oxide precursors calcined at 773 K. Dodecylsulfate hydrotalcite was prepared by the calcination-rehydration method. The surfactant intercalation in the interlayer space of hydrotalcite was investigated by XRD and FTIR spectroscopy where the resulting materials were found to be similar to those reported in the literature and were used to remove an acid dye from an aqueous solution. Equilibrium time and rate-determining step of the dye Green Bezanyl-F2B sorption were determined. Two simplified kinetic models were tested to investigate the sorption. The adsorption capacity data were also fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich equation as well. The sorption data fitted to the Langmuir model gave good values of the determination coefficient. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acid Dye, Adsorption, Hydrotalcite-Like Compounds, Intercalation, Kinetics, Modified Layered Double Hydroxides, Nanocomposites, Organic-Compounds, Pollutants, Removal, Rice-Husk, Sludge, Sorption, Sorption Isotherm, Surfactants, Water

? Batista, A.P.S., Romao, L.P.C., Arguelho, M.L.P.M., Garcia, C.A.B., Alves, J.P.H., Passos, E.A. and Rosa, A.H. (2009), Biosorption of Cr(III) using in natura and chemically treated tropical peats. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 163 (2-3), 517-523.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat163, 517.pdf

Abstract: The physicochemical characteristics of three Brazilian pears were investigated using elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and studies of Cr(III) biosorption based on adsorption isotherms. Adsorption of Cr(III) by in natura peat from Santo Amaro das Brotas (Sergipe State) was much greater than by peats from either Ribeirao Preto (Sao Paulo State) or Itabaiana (Sergipe State), with adsorption capacities (q) of 4.90 ± 0.01, 1.70 ± 0.01 and 1.40 ± 0.01 mgg (1), respectively. Pre-treatments with HCl and NaOH + HCl reduced adsorption by the Santo Amaro clas Brotas peat, showing that adsorption efficiency was associated with the amount of organic matter present. Conversely, increase in the mineral content following pre-treatment increased adsorption of Cr(III) by the Ribeirao Preto and Itabaiana peats. Highest adsorption (retention >95.0%) was achieved at equilibrium pH 4.0 using the Santo Amaro das Brotas peat. Experimental data for the adsorption of Cr(III) from aqueous solution onto this peat were fitted to the Langmuir equation, from which an equilibrium adsorption capacity, q(max), of 5.60 mgg^-1 was obtained, which was close to the experimentally determined value. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Bone Charcoal, Chemical Pre-Treatment, Chromium, Heavy-Metals, Hexavalent Chromium, Humic Substances, Metal Removal, Peat, Sphagnum Peat, Trivalent Chromium, Water

? Mata, Y.N., Blázquez, M.L., Ballester, A., González, F. and Muñoz, J.A. (2009), Biosorption of cadmium, lead and copper with calcium alginate xerogels and immobilized Fucus vesiculosus. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 163 (2-3), 555-562.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat163, 555.pdf

Abstract: This paper determines the effect of immobilized brown alga Fucus vesiculosus in the biosorption of heavy metals with alginate xerogels. Immobilization increased the kinetic uptakes and intraparticle diffusion rates of the three metals. The Langmuir maximum biosorption capacity increased twofold for cadmium, 10 times for lead, and decreased by half for copper. According to this model, the affinity of the metals for the biomass was as follows: Cu > pH > Cd without alga and pH > Cu > Cd with alga. FITR confirmed that carboxyl groups were the main groups involved in the metal uptake. Calcium in the gels was displaced by heavy metals from solution according to the “egg-box” model. The restructured gel matrix became more uniform and organized as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization. F vesiculosus immobilized in alginate xerogels constitutes an excellent biosorbent for cadmium, lead and copper, sometimes surpassing the biosorption performance of alginate alone and even the free alga. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Algae, Alginate, Binding, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Divalent-Cations, Fucus Vesiculosus, Heavy Metals, Heavy-Metal Biosorption, Immobilization, Ion-Exchange, Removal, Sargassum, Sorption

? Mittal, A., Kaur, D. and Mittal, J. (2009), Batch and bulk removal of a triarylmethane dye, Fast Green FCF, from wastewater by adsorption over waste materials. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 163 (2-3), 568-577.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat163, 568.pdf

Abstract: De-Oiled Soya, an agricultural waste material and Bottom Ash a waste of power plants, have been used as adsorbents for the removal and recovery of a triarylmethane dye Fast Green FCF from wastewater. Batch studies have been carried by observing the effects of pH, temperature, concentration of the dye, amount of adsorbents, sieve size of adsorbent, contact time, etc. Graphical correlation of various adsorption isotherm models like, Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich have been carried out for both the adsorbents. The adsorption over both the materials has been found endothermic and feasible in nature. Various thermodynamic parameters, such as, Gibb’s free energy, entropy and enthalpy of the on-going adsorption process have been calculated. The kinetic studies suggest the process following pseudo first order kinetics and involvement of particle diffusion mechanism. The bulk removal of the dye has been carried out by passing the dye solution through columns of Bottom Ash and De-Oiled Soya and saturation factor of each column has been calculated. Attempts have also been made to recover the dye by eluting dilute NaOH through the columns. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Agricultural Waste, Aluminum-Industry Waste, Bagasse Fly-Ash, Bottom Ash, Bottom Ash, Coir Pith, Contact Time, De-Oiled Soya, Fast Green Fcf, Isotherm Models, Kinetic Studies, Malachite Green, Methylene-Blue, Natural Zeolite, Rhodamine-B

? Eroğlu, H., Yapici, S., Nuhoğlu, Ç. and Varoğlu, E. (2009), An environmentally friendly process; Adsorption of radionuclide Tl-201 on fibrous waste tea. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 163 (2-3), 607-617.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat163, 607.pdf

Abstract: This work presents an investigation of the adsorption of the radionuclide of Tl-201 from waste water on the fibrous tea factory waste. The experimental parameters were chosen as temperature, pH, stirring speed, adsorbent dose and nominal particle size in the ranges of 10.0-40.0 C, 2.0- 10.0, 300-720 rpm, 1.0-15.0 g/L and 0.15-0.71 mm, respectively. The most effective parameter on the adsorption yield was found to be pli of the solution. Fourier transforms infrared and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy studies were performed for the characterisation of the adsorption on tea waste. The experimental data were found to be in good agreement with the isotherm models of Freundlich, Halsey, Handerson and Dubinin-RadLishkevich. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the values of triangle G and triangle H are negative. It was obtained that the adsorption rate can be represented very well by second-order pseudo homogeneous kinetic model. All the results proved that fibrous tea plant waste makes an excellent adsorbent for Tl-201 radionuclide. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Rate, Analysis, Bio-Sorption, Biosorption, Copper, Cu(II) Ions, Electron-Paramagnetic-Resonance, Experimental, Freundlich, Heavy-Metals, Homogeneous Kinetic Model, Isotherm, Isotherm Models, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Leaves, Model, pH, Plant, Radioactivity, Radionuclide, Removal, Thallium-201, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Analysis, Waste Water

? Sundaram, C.S., Viswanathan, N. and Meenakshi, S. (2009), Defluoridation of water using magnesia/chitosan composite. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 163 (2-3), 618-624.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat163, 618.pdf

Abstract: Magnesia (MgO) is a well-known adsorbent showing extremely high defluoridation capacity (DC). In order to over come the limitations of MgO for field applications, an attempt has been made to modify magnesia with abundant biomaterial chitosan to form magnesia/chitosan (MgOC) composite in a usable form and its merits over conventional magnesia and raw chitosan is established. Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution with MgO and MgOC composite was studied with batch equilibrium experiments. At equilibrium, MgOC composite has a DC of 4440 mg F-/kg while for magnesia it is only 2175 mg F-/kg. The physicochemical properties of the synthesised MgOC composite were analyzed with FTIR and SEM with EDAX studies. The equilibrium data were fitted with isotherm and kinetic models. Thermodynamic parameters viz, G°, H° and S° were calculated to understand the nature of sorption. Field studies were carried out to find the suitability of these sorbents at field conditions. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Chitosan, Chitosan, Defluoridation, Equilibrium, Fluoride, Ion, Kinetics, MgO, MgOC Composite, Pb(II), Removal, Sorption

? Priya, R.G., Basha, C.A., Ramamurthi, V. and Begum, S.N. (2009), Recovery and reuse of Ni(II) from rinsewater of electroplating industries. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 163 (2-3), 899-909.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat163, 899.pdf

Abstract: Discharge of nickel compounds, which may occur in both liquid and solid phases, can cause severe environmental problems. In this work, ‘point of source’ treatment strategy is followed and reduced the nickel content of rinsewater to about less than 1 mg L^-1 by ion-exchange method using a packed column involving batch recirculation mode of operation and to recovered Ni(II) content by desorption. The treated water could be recycled for rinsing operation. The nickel from resin is first precipitated as nickel hydroxide to synthesize positive active material and that was used in Nickel/Metal hydride cell. The performances in terms of electrochemical utilization of nickel hydroxide, specific capacity as a function of discharge current density and cycle life were examined and the nickel hydroxide electrode with 5% CaCO₃ addition, having 200 mAh g^-1 specific capacity, could be subjected to charge/discharge cycles at C/5 rate for more than 200 cycles Without the capacity fading. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Cation-Exchange Resin, Cone Biomass, Immobilized Cells, Ion Exchange, Natural Clinoptilolite, Ni Recovery, Nickel Ions, Rinsewater, Trout Oncorhynchus-Mykiss, Waste-Water, Water Rainbow-Trout, Water Reuse

? Liu, Y.H., Cao, Q.L., Luo, F. and Chen, J. (2009), Biosorption of Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions from aqueous solutions by pretreated biomass of brown algae. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 163 (2-3), 931-938.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat163, 931.pdf

Abstract: In this paper, marine brown algae Laminaria japonica was chemically modified by crosslinking with epichlorohydrin (EC1 and EC2), or oxidizing by potassium permanganate (PC), or crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (GA), or only washed by distilled water (DW). They were used for equilibrium sorption uptake studies with Cd2+, Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+. The experimental data have been analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. The results showed that the biosorption equilibrium was well described by both the Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. The order of maximum metal uptakes for Cd2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ was EC1 > EC2 > PC > DW > GA, but the uptakes of Ni2+ are almost the same for these sorbents. Moreover, sorption kinetics has been performed and it was observed that the equilibrium was reached in less than 2 h, which Could he described by pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The metal adsorption was strictly pH dependent. The optimum pH values of four metals were in the range of 4.3-6.5 for all sorbents, and the optimum solid/liquid ratio was 3.0 g L-1. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Algae, Biosorption, Heavy Metal, Chemical Modification, Heavy-Metal Biosorption, Rhizopus-Arrhizus, Cadmium(II) Biosorption, Laminaria-Japonica, Oedogonium sp, Marine-Algae, Removal, Equilibrium, Adsorption, Lead

? Jiménez-Cedillo, M.J., Olguín, M.T. and Fall, C. (2009), Adsorption kinetic of arsenates as water pollutant on iron, manganese and iron-manganese-modified clinoptilolite-rich tuffs. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 163 (2-3), 939-945.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat163, 939.pdf

Abstract: Arsenate adsorption from aqueous solutions onto clinoptilolite-heulandite rich tuffs modified with iron or manganese or a mixture of both iron and manganese in this work was investigated. A kinetic model was considered to describe the arsenates adsorption on each zeolitic material. The modified clinoptilolite-heulandite rich tuffs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The elemental composition and the specific surface area of the zeolitic material were also determined. The arsenate adsorption by the modified zeolites was carried on in a batch system considering a contact time from 5 min to 24 h for the kinetic experimentation. The arsenic was detected by atomic absorption spectrometer using a hydride generator. The kinetics of the arsenate adsorption processes were described by the pseudo-second-order model and the obtained parameter k varies from 0.15 to 5.66 mu g/gh. In general, the results Suggested that the kinetic adsorption of arsenates on the modified clinoptilolite-rich tuffs depend of the metallic specie that modified the surface characteristics of the zeolitic material, the chemical nature of the metal as well as the association between different metallic chemical species in the zeolitic Surface. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Arsenates, Arsenic Removal, Cadmium, Clinoptilolite, Contamination, Equilibrium, Groundwater, Health, Iron, Kinetics, Manganese, Nanoparticles, Sorption, Zeolites

? Chen, A.H., Yang, C.Y., Chen, C.Y., Chen, C.Y. and Chen, C.W. (2009), The chemically crosslinked metal-complexed chitosans for comparative adsorptions of Cu(II), Zn(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II) ions in aqueous medium. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 163 (2-3), 1068-1075.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat163, 1068.pdf

Abstract: The chemically crosslinked metal-complexed chitosans were synthesized by using the ion-imprinting method from a chitosan with four metals (Cu(II), Zn(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II)) as templates and glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker. The influences of adsorption conditions, including molar ratio, of crosslinker/chitosan and pH changes, were studied. They were used to investigate for comparative adsorptions of Cu(II), Zn(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II) ions in an aqueous medium. They were demonstrated the comparative adsorptions of Cu(II), Zn(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II) ions in the orders of the adsorbed amounts with templates: Cu(II)similar to Pb(lI)>Zn(II)similar to Ni(II), Zn(II)>Cu(II)similar to Pb(II)>Ni(II), Ni(II)>Pb(II)>Zn(II)>Cu(II) and Pb(II) similar to Cu(II) > Zn(II) > Ni(II), respectively. In addition, the dynamical study showed to be well followed the second-order kinetic equation in the adsorption process. At the same time, the equilibrium adsorption data were fitted in three adsorption isotherm models, namely, Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich to show very good fits in the Langmuir isotherm equation for the monolayer adsorption process. The most important aspect of the chemically crosslinked metal-complexed chitorsans with glutaraldehyde demonstrated to afford a higher adsorption capacity, and a more efficient adsorption toward metals in an aqueous medium. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Crosslinked Metal-Complexed Chitosan, Adsorption Capacity, Metal, Adsorption Isotherm, Comparative Adsorption, Carboxymethyl-Chitosan, Heavy-Metals, Waste-Water, Copper(II)-Complexed Chitosan, Anion Sorption, Template Ions, Hg(II) Ions, Equilibrium, Resin, Beads

? Wang, C., Zhang, X.H., Liu, H., Li, X.Z., Li, W.Z. and Xu, H.Y. (2009), Reaction kinetics of photocatalytic degradation of sulfosalicylic acid using TiO₂ microspheres. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 163 (2-3), 1101-1106.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat163, 1101.pdf

Abstract: The photocatalytic (PC) degradation kinetics of sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) at different pH using TiO₂ microspheres were elucidated by modeling. The resultant model had special consideration of adsorption and pH, The adsorption isotherms showed that the LC/MS(2)-identified intermediates were weakly adsorbed on the TiO₂ microspheres, thus their adsorption was neglected in the modeling. By contrast, the SSA was significantly adsorbed, thus its adsorption retained as an item in the model. Consequently, a non-first-order model was obtained. Through the modeling, it was elucidated that the reaction rate increased non-linearly with the SSA adsorption equilibrium constant. Meanwhile, it was elucidated that a pH increase favored the hydroxyl radical production to accelerate the SSA degradation, while impeded the SSA adsorption to slower it, hence a neutral pH caused the fastest SSA degradation. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Equilibrium, Adsorption Isotherms, Dispersions, Dye, Equilibrium, Isotherms, Kinetics, Model, Modeling, Oxidation, Ph, Photocatalysis, Photodegradation, Pollutants, Salicylic-Acid, Sulfosalicylic Acid, TiO₂, TiO₂ Microspheres, Titanium-Dioxide, Visible-Light Irradiation, Waste-Water Treatment

? Vilar, V.J.P., Botelho, C.M.S., Pinheiro, J.P.S., Domingos, R.F. and Boaventura, R.A.R. (2009), Copper removal by algal biomass: Biosorbents characterization and equilibrium modelling. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 163 (2-3), 1113-1122.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat163, 1113.pdf

Abstract: The general principles of Cu(II) binding to algal waste from agar extraction, composite material and algae Gelidium, and different modelling approaches, are discussed. FTIR analyses provided a detailed description of the possible binding groups present in the biosorbents, as carboxylic groups (D-glucuronic and pyruvic acids), hydroxyl groups (cellulose, agar and floridean starch) and sulfonate groups (sulphated galactans). Potentiometric acid-base titrations showed a heterogeneous distribution of two major binding groups, carboxyl and hydroxyl, following the quasi-Gaussian affinity constant distribution suggested by Sips, which permitted to estimate the maximum amount of acid functional groups (0.36, 0.25 and 0.1 mmol g (1)) and proton binding parameters (pK(H)’ = 5.0, 5.3 and 4.4; m(H) = 0.43, 0.37, 0.33), respectively for algae Gelidium, algal waste and composite material. A non-ideal, semi-empirical, thermodynamically consistent (NICCA) isotherm fitted better the experimental ion binding data for different pH values and copper concentrations, considering only the acid functional groups, than the discrete model. Values of pK(M)’ (3.2; 3.6 and 3.3), n(M) (0.98, 0.91, 1.0) and p (0.67, 0.53 and 0.43) were obtained, respectively for algae Gelidium, algal waste and composite material. NICCA model reflects the complex macromolecular systems that take part in biosorption considering the heterogeneity of the biosorbent, the competition between protons and metals ions to the binding sites and the stoichiometry for different ions. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Biosorption, Copper(II), Gelidium, Agar Extraction Waste, Equilibrium Modeling, Heavy-Metal Biosorption, Gelidium-Sesquipedale Gelidiales, Natural Organic-Matter, Ion-Binding, Waste, Rhodophyta, Adsorption, Alginate, Kinetics, Protons

? Naiya, T.K., Bhattacharya, A.K., Mandal, S. and Das, S.K. (2009), The sorption of Lead(II) ions on rice husk ash. Journal of Hazardous Materials,