Title: Journal of Food Protection

Title: Journal of Food Protection

ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Food Prot.

JCR Abbreviated Title: J Food Protect

ISSN: 0362-028X

Issues/Year: 12

Journal Country/Territory: United States

Language: Multi-Language

Publisher: Int Assoc Milk Food Environmental Sanitarians, Inc

Publisher Address: 6200 Aurora Ave Suite 200W, Des Moines, IA 50322-2863

Subject Categories:

Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology: Impact Factor

Food Science & Technology: Impact Factor

? Parker, R.W., Maurer, E.M., Childers, A.B. and Lewis, D.H. (1994), Effect of frozen storage and vacuum-packaging on survival of vibrio-vulnificus in gulf-coast osyters (Crassostrea-Virginica). Journal of Food Protection, 57 (7), 604-606.

Abstract: Vibrio vulnificus contamination of raw oysters is a serious public health hazard, therefore, it is necessary to investigate the persistence of V. vulnificus in harvested and stored oysters. For this study, triplicate oyster samples were split into four treatment groups: control, normal-packaged; control, vacuum-packaged; inoculated, normal-packaged; and inoculated, vacuum-packaged. Oysters in the inoculated groups were individually injected with V. vulnificus to a level of approximately 1×10⁶ CFU/g. Control oysters were already naturally contaminated to a level of approximately 1×10⁴ CFU/g. Oysters were then packaged, frozen and stored at-20-degrees-C. On day 0 and days 7, 14, 30 and 70 post-freezing, concentrations of total aerobic bacteria and V. vulnificus were determined using a 3-tube most probable number (MPN) estimation from enrichment Alkaline Peptone Water tubes with subsequent presumptive V. vulnificus growth on modified Cellobiose-Polymyxin B-Colistin agar. Length of frozen storage had a significant effect on decreasing total aerobic bacteria (from approximately 10⁶ CFU/g to approximately 10^2.5 CFU/g) and V. vulnificus (from approximately 10⁵ CFU/g to approximately 10¹ CFU/g). Also, vacuum-packaged samples showed significantly lower concentrations of V vulnificus over the length of the study than did the normal-sealed samples.

? Galvano, F., Pietri, A., Fallico, B., Bertuzzi, T., Scire, S., Galvano, M. and Maggiore, R. (1996), Activated carbons: In vitro affinity for aflatoxin B-1 and relation of adsorption ability to physicochemical parameters. Journal of Food Protection, 59 (5), 545-550.

Abstract: Affinity in vitro tests were conducted of the efficacy of 17 activated carbons (ACs) in binding aflatoxin B-1 from solution. Relationships between adsorption ability and physicochemical parameters of the ACs (surface area, iodine number, methylene blue index, and surface acidity) were tested. Using 5 ml of a 4 mu g/ml aqueous solution of aflatoxin B-1 and 2 mg of an AC, adsorption abilities ranged from 44.47% to 99.82%. Four ACs showed very high adsorption abilities, binding more than 99% of the available aflatoxin B-1. in comparative testing five ACs showed a greater ability to bind aflatoxin B-1 than hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS). Three ACs also showed high adsorption abilities (ca. 99%) at increasing aflatoxin B-1 concentrations (50 and 250 mu g/ml) whereas HSCAS adsorption ability greatly declined. With the exception of three ACs, aflatoxin B-1 adsorption was significantly correlated with all the physicochemical parameters, confirming a close relationship between molecule trapping and the surface physicochemical adsorption process. The methylene blue index was more reliable than iodine number and surface area in predicting AC adsorptive ability. The results suggested that ACs with a high methylene blue index and low surface acidity have a very high in vitro affinity for aflatoxin B-1; however, their efficacy in protecting against aflatoxicosis should be verified further by in vivo tests.

Keywords: Acidity, Activated Carbons, Adsorption, Aflatoxin B-1, Aluminosilicate, Aqueous Solution, Bentonite, Binding, Calcium, Charcoal, Chickens, Detoxification, Efficacy, Feed, Index, Methylene Blue, Sodium, Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate, Solution, Surface, Surface Acidity, Surface Area, Testing, Toxicity

? Palumbo, S.A., Pickard, A. and Call, J.E. (1999), Fate of gram-positive bacteria in reconditioned, pork-processing plant water. Journal of Food Protection, 62 (2), 194-197.

Abstract: This study investigated the responses of Enterococcus faecium (ATCC 19433), Staphylococcus aureus (196E), and Listeria monocytogenes Scott A in water from a local meat-processing plant. Each bacterium was added to a starting count of 3 log(10) CFU/ml and held from 5 to 28C. At intervals (0, 2, 7, 14, and 21 days), aliquots were plated on appropriate selective agars. In contrast to the gram-negative bacteria studied previously and which grew, the three gram-positive bacteria survived with some slight increase in number in only nonchlorinated, reconditioned water, either filtered (0.22 µm pore size) or nonfiltered. The presence of chlorine in either potable or reconditioned water contributed to the rapid decline in viable counts for all three bacteria. These results further emphasize the importance of residual chlorine in preventing the growth of these gram-positive bacteria in potable and reconditioned waters.

Keywords: Listeria-Monocytogenes, Drinking-Water, Growth, Survival

? Huebner, H.J., Mayura, K, Pallaroni, L., Ake, C.L., Lemke, S.L., Herrera, P. and Phillips, T.D. (2000), Development and characterization of a carbon-based composite material for deducing patulin levels in apple juice. Journal of Food Protection, 63 (1), 106-110.

Abstract: Patulin, a heterocyclic lactone produced by various species of Penicillium and Aspergillus fungi, is often detected in apple juices and ciders. Previous research has shown the effectiveness of granular activated carbon for reducing patulin levels in aqueous solutions, apple juices, and ciders. In this study, ultrafine activated carbon was bonded onto granular quartz to produce a composite carbon adsorbent (CCA) with a high carbonaceous surface area, good bed porosity, and increased bulk density. CCA in fixed-bed adsorption columns was evaluated for efficacy in reducing patulin levels from aqueous solutions and apple juice. Columns containing 1.0, 0.5, and 0.25 g of CCA were continuously loaded with a patulin solution (10 µg/ml) and eluted at a how rate of 1 ml/min. Results indicated that 50% breakthrough capacities fax patulin on 1.0-, 0.5-, and 0.25-g CCA columns were 137.5, 38.5, and 19.9 µg, respectively. The effectiveness of CCA to adsorb patulin and prevent toxic effects was confirmed in vitro using adult hydra in culture. Hydra were sensitive to the effects of patulin, with a minimal affective concentration equal to 0.7 µg/ml; CCA adsorption prevented patulin toxicity until 76% breakthrough capacity was achieved. Fixed-bed adsorption with 1.0 g of CCA was also effective in reducing patulin concentrations (20 µg/liter) in a naturally contaminated apple juice, and breakthrough capacities were shown to increase with temperature. Additionally, CCA offered a higher initial breakthrough capacity than pelleted activated carbon when compared in parallel experiments. This study suggests that CCA used in fixed-bed adsorption systems effectively reduced patulin levels in both aqueous solutions and naturally contaminated apple juice; however, the appearance and taste of apple juice may be affected by the treatment process.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Hydra-Attenuata, Toxicity, Mycotoxins, Adsorption, Kinetics, Phenols, Culture

? Croci, L., Di Pasquale, S., Cozzi, L. and Toti, L. (2001), Behavior of Aeromonas hydrophila in bottled mineral waters. Journal of Food Protection, 64 (11), 1836-1840.

Abstract: The growth and survival of Aeromonas hydrophila in three types of natural mineral waters were investigated. Mineral waters with different levels of mineral content (low, medium, and high) were experimentally contaminated with A. hydrophila, stored at different temperatures (10 degreesC and 20 degreesC), and analyzed at intervals over a 60-day period. Water samples that were not experimentally contaminated were investigated for indigenous A. hydrophila. The results confirmed that A. hydrophila may occur naturally in mineral waters and showed that the level of mineral content, temperature, length of storage, and, in some cases, the type of container used may favor the growth of A. hydrophila. The greatest proliferation was observed in water with a low mineral content stored in PET bottles at 10 degreesC, in which A. hydrophila peaked at day 28 (4.47±0.01 log CFU/100 ml). At 20 degreesC, the same load was observed at day 60. The presence of high densities of A. hydrophila in bottled mineral water can constitute a risk for some groups of consumers, such as elderly and immunocompromised persons.

Keywords: Survival, Strains, Sweden