Pestvidéki Ásványbánya Vállalat



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Szondi, Lipót (Leopold) (Nyitra, now Nitra, Slovakia, 11 March 1893 - Küssnacht am Rigi, Switzerland, 24 January 1986) – Neurologist, psychiatrist and teacher of mentally defective children. He was 5 years old when he moved with his family to Budapest, where he completed his high school, and later chose medicine for his career. In World War I, he worked as an ambulance orderly, and as physician of a military unit. He earned his Medical Degree after the War and worked for the Psychological Laboratory of the Outpatient Department of the Apponyi Polyclinic beside Pál (Paul) Ranschburg. From 1919, he ran a private practice in psychology and endocrinology. In his scientific research, he conducted investigations into physical, genetic and hormonal conditions. From 1927, Szondi was a lecturer at the College for Handicapped Children, and Head of its Pathology and Therapy Laboratory. It was there that he started to deal with family-tree studies and fortune analysis. He founded the State Pathological and Therapeutic Laboratory. He carried out research on the neurological and psychiatric connections of endocrinal secretion, featured in his works: Schwachsinn und innere Sekretion (1923), and Mental Deficiency (A fogyatékos értelem) (1925). He also studied the connection between physique and children’s diseases, discussed in his works Disorders in Physical Growth (A növés zavarai) (1926); The Physical Sizes of School Children (Az iskolás gyermekek testi méretei) (1929), and Konstitutionsanalyse psychisch abnormer Kinder (1933). He determined a completely new course in experimental “deep psychology” with his studies that he called “lot-analysis”, as a result of his family-tree researches. His other works include Lectures from the Domain of Experimental Instinct-diagnostics (Előadások a kisérleti ösztöndiagnosztika köréből) (1939). Owing to the Jewish laws he lost his position in 1941. On 29 July 1944, he was deported to the camp at Bergen-Belsen; but, at the end of 1944, he mnaged to escape, was granted political asylum in Switzerland, and settled in Zürich. There he developed the Szondi Circle and, apart from having a practice in psychology and psychiatry, he resumed his earlier studies, especially in lot-analysis (Szondi-test). The Szondi Institute (Stiftung-Szondi-Institut) was formed in 1969. He received an honorary doctorate from the University of Paris (Sorbonne). His further works include The Experimental Analysis of the Ego (Az én kisérleti elemzése) (1942); Schicksalanalyse (1948); Triebpathologie (1952); “Ich-Analyse”. Die Grundlage zur Vereinigung der Tiefenpsychologie (1956); Die Triebvermischten (1984), and Cain the Law-breaker, Mozes the Law-giver (Kain a törvényszegő, Mózes a törvényalkotó) (1987). – B: 0883, 1021, 1068, 1730, T: 7456.
Szondy, György (George) (? - Fort of Drégely, northeast of the Börzsöny Range, on the banks of the Ipoly River, 9 July 1552) – Castellan of a border fortress. Not of noble descent, probably the scion of a market town burgher family. He won his way with his bravery in the fighting around the border fortresses during the Turkish occupation of the central part of Hungary (1526-1686). From 1545, he was Castellan of the fortified castle of Drégely. In 1552, with a force of 10,000, Ali, the Turkish Pasha of Buda, laid siege to the small castle, which was in a run-down condition at the time, and defended by a mere 150 men. No external help was expected; the Turkish guns pounded the castle to ruins, and fighting was beyond hope. Still, Szondi rejected Ali’s call for surrender, burnt his valuables, stabbed his horses to death, sent his two Turkish prisoners back to Ali, and sallied out to die a hero’s death. There is a statue of him and a Street bearing his name in Budapest, and a school named after him in Balassagyarmat. Several poets wrote verses about him, such as J. Arany, F. Kölcsey and G. Czuczor. – B: 0883, 1068, 1122, T: 7456.→Arany, János; Czuczor, Gergely; Kölcsey, Ferenc.
Szondy, István (Stephen) (Berettyóújfalu, 29 December 1925 - ) – Athlete. In 1938, he was a breaststroke swimmer and water-polo player at the Sports Club of the Hungarian National Army Association in Cegléd. In 1941, at the Ludovika Military Academy, they noted his capabilities and he was oriented toward pentathlon. During the following years, he studied at cadet schools, later at the School of Physical Education, obtained a Degree in Education in 1950, and started as a trainer in Újpest (Budapest suburb). In the meantime, from 1946, he was the pentathlonist of the Sports Club of Cegléd and, from 1949, of the Fáklya Sports Club, Budapest. Since 1950 Szondy has been active in sports in Budapest. In 1951, and again in 1954, he was the national pentathlon individual champion. In 1951, he was also a team champion in épée-fencing. In 1954 he received a bronze medal in high jump. From 1947 to 1955 he was a member of the selected pool. He came in 18th at the London Summer Olympics, while at the Helsinki Olympics he was group champion, and in the individual event he earned a bronze medal. At the World Championships in 1953 at Rocas, Santo Domingo, Chile, he came second in the individual event. In the 1954 Budapest Olympics he was a team world champion, and came in third in the individual event. In 1955, at Magglingen, Switzerland, he was again a team world champion and came fifth in the individual. In 1955 Szondy gave up pentathlon. In October 1956, he went on a tourist trip to Vienna. On hearing the news about the revolution in Hungary, he settled in the Federal Republic of Germany. From September 1957, he worked as a sports teacher and fencing trainer in Wolfburg. From 1962 to 1987, he was a lecturer at the Goethe University of Frankfurt, and a trainer of the Frankfurt TV 1860, while, from 1969 to 1970, he worked in Warendorf as the government trainer of the German Pentathlon Council. While living in Alterstadt, he retired in 1987. He returned to settle in Hungary. – B: 2111, 1031, T: 7456.
Szongott, Kristóf (Christopher) (Marosbogát, now Bogata, Romania, 21 March 1843 - Szamosújvár, now Gherla, Romania, 24 January 1907) – Writer, teacher and a specialist on Armenia (Armenologist). In 1963 he became a teacher at the Armenian High School of Szamosújvár, where he taught for forty years. In 1887, he founded the journal Armenia, of which he was publisher and editor for 20 years; to a large extent he was also the author of the articles in it. He published rich ethnographic material in his works, dealing with the history of Armenians. In 1905 he established the Armenian Museum, of which he was the first director. He translated and published the 5th century chronicle entitled Great Armenia by Mózes Chorenei (1892). His works include Monography of the Royal Hungarian Town of Szamosújvár, vols. i-iii (Szamosújvár magyar királyi város Monographiája I-III) (1893-1901); The Ethnography of the Armenians of Hungary (A magyarországi örmények ethnográphiája) (1903), and The Origin and Ancestral Homeland of the Hungarians (A magyarok eredete és őslaka) (1905). He was the foremost researcher of Armenology in Hungary. – B: 0883, 1134, T: 7456.
Szontágh, Gusztáv (Gustavus) (Csetnek, 9 April 1793 - Pest, 7 June 1858) – Philosopher, esthetician and critic. He read Law in Késmark (now Kežmarok, Slovakia), and spent his young law student years in Rozsnyó (now Rožňnava, Slovakia) and Kenyhec (now Kehnec, Szlovákia). He began a military career in 1813, and took part in the Napoleonic wars. After 23 years of military service, he retired as a Captain in 1836. Thereafter, he lived exclusively for his writings and scientific works. From 1836, he was a member of the Kisfaludy Society. He wrote philosophical studies and articles on economics. He was one of the best-known critics of his age. He endeavored to develop an independent, particularily Hungarian philosophical system, the so-called Conventional philosophy, with an eclectic, agnostic, neo-Kantian character, glossing over social contradictions. He was a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (correspondent 1832, ordinary 1839). He was also a well-known melon-grower. His works include Propylaeums for Hungarian Philosophy (Propylaeumok a magyar philosophiához) (1839). With his work Propylaeums to Conventional Philosophy (Propylaeumok a társasági philosophiához), he won the Grand Prix of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1846. He also wrote Hungarian Conventional Philosophy (A magyar egyezményes philosophia) (1855), and The Basics of the Hungarian Pantheon (A magyar Pantheon alapjai) (1856). – B: 0883, 1257, T: 7456.
Szontágh, Miklós (Nicholas) (Alsókubin, now Dolni Kubin, Slovakia, 11 August 1843 - Újtátrafüred, now Vel’ký Slavkov, Slovakia, 2 December 1899) – Physician, botanist and balneologist. He obtained his Medical Degree from the University of Vienna in 1868. From 1868 to 1873 he was Editor of the journal Natural Scientific Bulletin (Természettudományi Közlöny); from 1878 he was a physician of the Tátrafüred Baths. He was the first to recognize the climatic healing power of the High Tátra Mountain. In 1876 he founded the Health Resort of Új-Tátrafüred, which was the first T.B. Sanatorium of Historic Hungary in the Carpathian Basin. From 1883 to 1885 he was Editor of the magazine Tatra Area (Tátravidék), and he published several tourist guides, popularizing the Tátra. He also published a Tátra Monograph. He organized a tourist-guide and rescue-training course. He was also engaged in balneology, climatology and geographic research. His works include Carpathian Pictures (Kárpáti képek) (1870); Über die Heilung Lungenkranken in der subalpinen Region der Hochgebirge, mit besonderer Bezugnahme auf die Heilanstalt in Neu-Schmecks (1884), and High Tatra and its Mountainous Area (Magas-Tátra és hegyvidéke) (1896). A mountain peak and a mountain lake were named after him. – B: 1730, T: 7456.→ Tátra Range, High.
Szőnyi, Andrew John (Budapest, 1934 - ) – Engineer, educator, administrator and management consultant. He was educated at the Budapest Polytechnic (1956). He moved to Canada after the 1956 Revolution and Freedom Fight and continued his education at the University of Toronto, obtaining his M.Sc. (1958), Ph.D. (1962), and MBA (1971). He was Professor of Management and Engineering at the University of Toronto (1981-1990); senior consultant at the Ontario Development Corp. (1971-1981); Program Director, Management Education Program, Hauzhong University of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China (1983-1986), and at the same time Director of the Engineering and Management Centre, University of Toronto, (1983-1986); during the same yerars visiting professor at the University of Linz, Austria. He has been a member of the Science Council of Canada, the Professional Engineers of Ontario and the Canadian Society of Chemical Engineers. He is author of Small Business Management Fundamental (4th ed. 1991); State of Small Business (1988-1989), and Principles of Engineering Economic Analysis (2nd ed. 1982). – B: 0893, T: 4342.
Szőnyi, István (Stephen) (Újpest, 17 January 1894 – Zebegény, 30 August 1960) – Painter. First, he studied painting under the direction of Károly (Charles) Ferenczy, then under István (Stephen) Réti after World War I. He was in search of the unity of dramatic expressiveness and plein air. His works influenced a number of his contemporaries. In the late 1920s, he settled in Zebegény in the picturesque Danube Bend, where his interest was attracted to problems of atmosphere in painting. He created his own style with sunny colors, soft tones and harmony. This style was typical of the post-Nagybánya school. He painted pictures of the village people of the Danube-bend. Among his works are An Evening in Zebegény (Zebegényi este) (1928); My Mother (Anyám) (1930); Calf for Sale (Eladó a borjú) (1933); Evening (Este) (1934); The Gray Danube (A Szürke Duna) (1935), and On the Way Home (Hazafelé) (1938), all products of tempera technique. In the 1940s, Szőnyi painted frescoes for churches, e.g. the Új-Nádorváros Church in Győr. He painted Garden Bench (Kerti pad) (1943), and By the Well (1945), both tempera pictures; Potato Pickers (1950), and Mill Yard (Malomudvar (1952), belong to his series in plein air style. His last major task was the secco fresco for the post office in Csepel, Budapest (1955-1956). From 1938 until his death, he was a teacher at the Academy of Fine Arts. He was a recipient of numerous awards, among them Francis Joseph (Ferenc József) Jubilee Prize (1930), the Small Gold Medal of the State (1933), the Gold Grand Prix of the State, and the Grand Prix of Vienna (1939). A memorial Museum, an Art Colony, and a friendly circle in Zebegény bear his name. – B: 0934, 1031, 0883, T: 7456.→Ferenczy, Károly; Nagybánya Artist Colony.
Szörényi, Éva (Elvira Lersch) (Budapest, 26 May 1917 - Los Angeles, USA, 1 December 2009) – Actress. In 1935 she completed her studies at the College of Dramatic Art, Budapest, and she was a member of the National Theater, Budapest until 1956. She left for Austria because she took part in the 1956 Revolution and Freedom Fight. In 1957, she emigrated to the USA. She visited Hungary in 1991. She was on friendly terms with the renowned writer Sándor (Alexander) Márai, who also lived in the USA at the time. She took an active part in émigré Hungarian circles. She proved to be equally outstanding in her acting in classical and modern works, tragedies and comedies, with careful interpretation and deep insight. Her roles include Cordelia in Shakespeare’s King Lear; Armande in Molière’s Les Femmes savantes (The Learned Ladies, Tudós nők); Elmira in Molière’s Tartuffe; Luise in Schiller’s Love and Intrigue (Ármány és szerelem); Margaret in Goethe’s Faust; Lady Anna in Shakespeare’s Richard III; Titania in Shakespeare’s Midsummer-Night’s Dream (Szentivánéji álom); Desdemona in Shakespeare’s Othello; Tünde in Vörösmarty’s Csongor and Tünde; Éva in Madách’s The Tragedy of Man (Az ember tragédiája); Melinda in Katona’s Bánk bán, and Eszter Rhédey in Móric’s Úri muri (Gentry’s Fun). There are more than 30 feature films to her credit, among them The Grandmother (A nagymama) (1936); Fatal Spring (Halálos tavasz) (1939); An Old Waltz (Régi keringő) (1941); Erkel (1952), and American Rhapsody (Amerikai rapszódia) (2001). Her dramatic art was recognized with the Kossuth Prize in 1952, the titles of Merited Artist and Outstanding Artist in 1954, the Imre Nagy Memorial Tablet in 1997, and the Hungarian Heritage Prize in 1997. – B: 1445, 1742, T: 7456.→Márai, Sándor.

Szörényi, László (Ladislas) (Budapest, 22 March, 1945 -) – Literary historian, critic and politician. He completed his university studies at the University of Budapest, in Latin, Greek and Persian languages (1968). He was on a scholarship in Florence, Italy, and at Columbia University, New York. From 1968 he worked at the Literary Department of the Hungarian Academic of Sciences, in 1997 as Appointed Director. He was Ambassador to Italy (1991-1995). Since 1997, he has been Professor of Italian in the Neo-Latin Department of the University of Budapest. His works include Delfinary (Delphinarium), a philological grotesques (1998, 2000), in which he ennumerated the falsifications of Marxist Literary History in translation of works of Hungarian writers. A selection from his works: Little Hungarian Rhetoric, co-writer (Kis magyar retorika) (1988,1997); Do Something With Your Past, studies (Multaddal valamit kezdeni) (1989); Huns and Jesuits, Chapters of History from the Hungarian Latin Hero’s Epic (Hunok és Jezsuiták, Fejezetek a magyarországi latin hősepika történetéből) (1993); Long-step, (Hosszúlépés) short novels (1997); Studia Hungaro-Latina, Studies on Ancient Hungarian Literarure (Tanulmányok a régi magyar irodalomról) (2000). He is a recipient the Toldy Ferenc Memorial Medal (1989), the Széchenyi Memorial Medal (1991), the Golden Pen Prize (1994), the Attila József Prize (1999), and the Széchenyi Prize (2011). – B: 0874, 0878, 0877, T: 7103.
Szörényi, Levente (Gmunden, Austria, 26 April 1945 - ) – Guitar player, singer, composer and text writer. He studied violin, guitar and voice from Géza Bágyoni for four years. From 1965 he worked with János (John) Bródy. In 1962 he was a member of the Mediterran Ensemble, in 1963 and 1964 the Balassa Ensemble, and from 1965 to 1973 the Illyés Ensemble, that won first prize in the Radio’s amateur competition in 1962. In 1966, they performed at the dance music festival with All the Kisses are Still Hurting (Még fáj minden csók); they won in 1968 with When I Was Still a Little Kid (Amikor én még kis srác voltam). In 1973, they performed at the pop festival of Miskolc; from 1974 to 1981 he was one of the founding members of the Fonográf Ensemble; in 1981 he participated in The Concert; in 1984 he retired from the stage. In 1987, Szörényi was the composer of the songs for the Remain Among Us (Maradj köztünk) charity concert; in 1988, he participated in the international folk music festival called The House of the Rising Sun (A felkelő nap háza). His major musical pieces include Human Rights, oratorio (1968); Kőmíves Kelemen, rock-ballad (1982); István, the King (István, a király), rock-opera (1983); Fehér Anna, rock-ballad (1988), In the Sweet Joy of Your Shining Lap… Innin and Damuzi (Fénylő ölednek édes örömében…Innin és Damuzi, oratorio (1989); Attila, the Sword of God (Attila az Isten kardja) (1993), and The Cursed (A kiátkozott) (1997). His recordings include 6 Illés, 8 Fonograf, 20 Zsuzsa Koncz, and 5 Judit Halász recordings. His films include These Young People (Ezek a fiatalok); Homecoming (Hazatérés); The Concert (A Koncert,) and István the King (István a király). He was Composer of the Year in 1983. He was awarded, among others, the Erkel Ferenc Prize (1983), the Special Prize of the Foundation for Hungarian Art (1990), the Jenő Huszka Prize (1996), and he shared Kossuth Prize (2000). – B: 0874, T: 7684.
Szőts, István (Stephen) (Szentgyörgyválya, now Valea Sangeorgiului, Transylvania, now in Romania, 30 June, 1912 - Vienna, 5 November 1998) – Film-director, scriptwriter. He began his secondary studies at the Military Cadet School of Sopron and Kőszeg, and graduated at the Ludovika Military Academy, Budapest, but did not complete his studies there; rather, he studied painting in evening classes with Vilmos (William) Aba-Novák and Béla Iványi-Grünwald in Budapest. Finally, he decided he would make motion pictures. In 1940, he became an apprentice at the Hunnia Film Studio, Budapest. Soon he was conscripted into the army. After having been demobilized he returned to the world of feature films. In 1941 the premiere of his film, entitled Men on the Snow-capped Mountain (Emberek a havason) took place. It became a huge success, not only in Hungary but even world-wide. This ballad-like feature film is full of nature scenes of the beautiful Transylvanian region, which was partly repossessed by Hungary (1940-1944). His next major film, entitled Song From the Wheatfields (Ének a búzamezőkről) (1947) enhanced his reputation worldwide. Communist authorities in Hungary banned this film, and with it his career was broken. Szőts made a couple of short films, such as Kádár Kata (1944); Stones, Castles and Men (Kövek, várak, emberek) (1955), and Which One From the Nine? (Melyiket a kilenc közül?) (1956). Finally, he decided to settle in Austria in 1957, where he became involved in making short films, including Hallstädter Ballade (Hallstadti ballada) (1960); Stephansdom (1962); Das Grabmal des Kaisers (A császár síremléke) (1962); Betty Fisher (1968) Gustav Klimt (1969); Otto Wagner (1971), and Fritz Wotruba (1975). Between 1964 and 1969, he taught at the Austrian Academy of Film. Szőts is regarded as the first Hungarian classic filmmaker. His first feature film won the main prize of the Venice Film Festival in 1942. His works, especially the Men on the Snow-Capped Mountain exercised an impact upon Italian and Austrian cinematography. Carlo Lizzani, Umberto Barbaro, and Alberto Lattuada, praised its humanism, social theme, naturalism, balladic style and contrast-light technique. After 1989, he received many belated distinctions: Honorary Doctor of the Academy of Dramatic Art, the Hungarian Art Prize, the Kossuth Prize, and the Middle Cross of the Republic of Hungary. He became a member of the Hungarian Academy of Arts, and a Member of the Széchenyi Academy. – B: 1090, 1031, T: 7103.→Ludovika Royal Hungarian Military Academy; Aba-Novák, Vilmos; Iványi-Grünwald, Béla.
Szózat (Appeal to the People, Divine proclamation) – Poem, written by the great poet Mihály (Michael) Vörösmarty in 1836. It is regarded as a second Hungarian national anthem. Its first line runs: To your home country be steadfastly faithful, oh Magyar! (Hazádnak rendületlenűl légy híve óh magyar!). In 1840, András (Andrew) Bartay, Director of the National Theater, Budapest, called for a competition to compose the music to the lyrics. This was won by Béni Egressy, and this work became a national anthem.

In the mind of Hungarians, the thoughts in the Szózat are regarded as a second national anthem, intertwined with those in the first national National Anthem, the Himnusz (Hymn). There were times when the Szózat came to the forefront, especially during the protests against the Habsburg Absolutism. Generations of Hungarians have embraced these two anthems into their hearts, and throughout the world, every Hungarian listens to them by remaining standing. – B: 0942, 1178, 1230, 1153, T: 3240.→Vörösmarty, Mihály; Egressy, Béni; Erkel, Ferenc.


Sztankay, István (Stephen) (Budapest, 14 February 1936 - ) – Actor. On completing the Academy of Dramatic Art, he became a member of the National Theater (Nemzeti Színház) of Miskolc in 1961. From 1963, he was an artist of the National Theater, Budapest, and from 1974 that of the Madách Theater (Madách Színház) of Budapest. In 1990 he worked freelance; but from 1991 he became a member of the Attila József Theater (József Attila Színház) in the Capital. His personality and idiosyncratic voice is equally well suited for classical and modern roles. He provided successful interpretations in a number of films and TV-plays. His roles include Dauphin in Shaw’s Saint Joan (Szent Johanna); Matthias in Vörösmarty’a Czillei and the Hunyadis (Czillei és a Hunyadiak); Romeo in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet; Orsino in Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night, or What You Will (Vízkereszt, vagy amit akartok); Viktor in Zorin’s A Warsaw Melody (Varsói melódia); John Calvin in A. Sütő’s Star on the Stake (Csillag a máglyán), and Ghost-Lad (Szellemfi) in E. Szigligeti’s Liliomfi. There are more than 45 feature and TV films to his credit, including The Promised Land (Az ígéret földje) (1961); Swan-song (Hattyúdal) (1963); Three Nights of a Love (Egy szerlem három éjszakája) (1967); Star on the Stake (Csillag a máglyán) (1968); The Golden Age of Transylvania (Erdély aranykora) (1989); Victory at Waterloo (Waterlooi győzelem) (2000), and My Darlings (Egyetleneim) (2006). He received the Mari Jászai Prize (1966, 1974), the Merited Artist title (1978), and the Kossuth Prize (1998). – B: 1445, 1105, 1031, 1742, T: 7456.→Schütz, Ilona.

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