Post globalisation era in greater mumbai june 2006 efi – solar foundation mumbai
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- TRAVEL TOURISM SECTOR
- INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SECTOR
CONSTRUCTION SECTORThe Chief Minister of Maharashtra has submitted an ambitious city modernisation plan to the union government that proposes heavy investments in construction of roads, flyovers, slum redevelopment, subways, public-housing, underground water and drainage system, etc. Nonetheless, the city has been witnessing a tremendous increase in construction activities in housing sub sector with existing players undertaking mega projects and the entry of several large corporate/private players. These developments have created a huge demand for skilled and unskilled workers. Considering the magnitude of these projects most companies are being forced to invest heavily into technology, resulting into a gradual shift from ‘manual’ labour to ‘mechanised’ labour (more so in infrastructure construction sub sector). This is not to say that future employment opportunities in the city belong to only skilled labourers, unskilled labourers are also expected to play a crucial role and cannot be simply discarded. Presently, the unskilled component in this sector is to the tune of approximately 55 per cent, and it is largely controlled by mistris and jamadars. This paradigm shift (manual to mechanised) has resulted into a rise in demand for trained and high skilled personnel, but then the sector demands that they be multi-skilled. For instance, a project engineer is expected to have an in-depth understanding of materials and inventory management, finance, administration, etc. so as to ensure that projects are completed in time and as per the projected cost. There is a huge demand for skilled technical professionals - civil engineers, project managers, materials managers, quality assurance managers, safety engineers, work engineers, quantity surveyors, contract managers, project administrators, machine operators, project managers, computer operators, etc. Though traditional professions like accountants, marketing executives, administration executives, site supervisors, etc. continue to be demand, it is emerging careers like billing engineers, quality surveyors, quantity engineers, etc. that are gaining greater prominence. Another visible development in the construction sector is that of companies preferring degree and diploma holders to conventional graduates in areas like marketing, engineering, accounts, HR, legal, etc. Due to increasing competition, construction companies have been found to give greater emphasis to customer service. Several construction companies have already set up full-fledged customer-care departments. Though companies are recruiting quality manpower, yet majority of the players continue to make little or no investment in training and development of their personnel, and leave them entirely to learn on-the-job. The construction sector does generate a huge amount of indirect employment through backward linkages in areas related to cement, steel, bricks, flooring, etc. which are basic raw materials required in construction activities. In addition, it also generates tremendous indirect employment in allied industries like aluminium, glass, plastic, furniture, décor, paint, etc. In short, there are more than 100 allied industries that directly or indirectly depend on construction for survival. TRAVEL & TOURISM SECTORMumbai - the Gateway to India - is also the business capital of the country. Growing at a phenomenal rate of 25 per cent, the city continues to attract a large number of international business travellers. Though several airports across the country have now been connected to international destinations, Mumbai airports continue to offer a far better international flight connections then all Indian airports put together. More so, there has been a complete metamorphosis in Mumbai's image from being a ‘global business destination’ to ‘an exciting leisure tourism destination’. The city’s well-defined coastline and rich cultural heritage is attracting foreign tourists from across the world. The city’s ability to provide quick and cheap medical treatment has caught the fancy of tourists; of late, it is also emerging as the medical tourism destination of the world. The travel & tourism sector in the city is emerging to be a major source of revenue and employment in the recent years. And this is largely on account of the huge investments being made by the government to improve city's infrastructure. The entry of several new airlines has further enhanced the growth of travel & tourism activities in the city, thereby creating several new employment opportunities. Presently, the sector is witnessing an acute shortage of trained and qualified people, which is forcing companies to provide individuals on-the-job training. Though there is a huge supply of qualified manpower i.e. diploma and degree holders in travel and tourism, most of them have been found to possess only theoretical knowledge. For instance, there is a huge scope of 'holiday consultants' who can sell holidays concepts, plan itineraries, make travel arrangements and accompany tourists, but then diploma and degree holders have been found wanting in these skills. Some important attributes necessary for a successful career in the sector are: a graduation degree, pleasing personality, interpersonal skills, communication skills, marketing abilities, empathy, multi-lingual, computer literacy, etc., which is found to be missing with most individuals pursuing a career in this sector. With travel & tourism companies adopting technology driven marketing approach (web based), the sector has created several new opportunities for web technicians and web marketing professionals. Agreeably, the scope for indirect employment in the travel & tourism sector is tremendous as it touches practically every sector in some way or the other. Businesses activities in restaurants and hotels, airlines, transport companies, guides, media/publicity agencies, etc are directly or indirectly influenced by performance of the travel & tourism sector. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SECTORAccording to NASSCOM, the IT-friendly policies announced by the state government on issues related to tax incentives, infrastructure facilities and other sops have resulted into a scenario where one in five ITES/BPO companies registered in the country have a presence either in Mumbai or Pune. An added advantage, the easy availability of skilled and quality manpower has made the city the most preferred destination for ITES/BPO companies. In the near future, factors like digitisation of the media, proliferation of broadband, adoption of convergence technology, consolidation of industry players, emphasis on use of technology by mainstream business, etc. are likely to further drive the growth of the sector. In the recent years, the ITES sub sector has opened several new employment avenues for not only for English-speaking graduates, but also for undergraduates. Mumbai being the financial capital of the country, the Financial Process Outsourcing (FPO) business is witnessing an explosive growth, especially in areas like insurance underwriting, risk assessment and equity research, financial data mining and modelling, corporate and market research. BPOs in the city have already ventured into diverse areas like medical transcription, research and analysis, actuarial modelling, corporate and business research for overseas institutions, and are now broadening their product portfolios. The above developments are likely to create several new employment opportunities within the sector, thereby creating a huge demand for trained and skilled personnel. Currently, most companies are visiting colleges and management campuses for recruitments, but of late, the sector is also witnessing a rise in lateral recruitment for strategic positions. The indirect employment opportunities in the IT/ITES sector (software) touches virtually every sector - be it infrastructure, telecom, cyber cafes, etc. The indirect employment in the hardware sub sector has more to do with contract manufacturing involving assemblers and those engaged with components and peripheral manufacturers. Another avenue for indirect employment is the IT-hardware sub sector, which comprises of a pool of maintenance and service professionals. 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