Practice Test Air and Air Pollution practice test: Air and Air Pollution Ch 17
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PRACTICE TEST: Air and Air Pollution – Ch 17 1. Earth’s seasons are caused by a. the change in distance between Sun and Earth b. two things: the Coriolis effect on ocean currents and by the daily high and low tide cycle c. the tilt of Earth’s axis of rotation
a. true b. false 3. The depletion of stratospheric ozone results in an increase of which category of ultraviolet wavelength? a. A b. B c. C d. O3 4. Ozone depletion can lead to all of these consequences except for a. a reduction in abundance of marine phytoplankton b. an increase in the incidence of skin cancers and cataracts in humans c. a decrease in photosynthesis leading to decreased crop production in corn, wheat & rice d. an increase in the degradation of materials such as paints, plastics and outdoor patio pots e. an increase in melting of the polar ice caps 5. Which of these basic reactions forms tropospheric ozone? a. O2 + UV O- - and O- - Then O - - and O2 O3 b. NO2 + volatile hydrocarbons + sunlight O3 c. CO2 + H2O + sunlight O3 + C6H12O6 6. What was discussed at the Montreal Protocol? a. global warming b. stratospheric ozone depletion 7. Which nations chose not to participate in the Montreal Protocol? a. Canada and USA b. Kenya and South Africa c. European Economic Community d. the Middle East e. India and China
a. minimize your exposure to mid-day sunlight b. use sunblock of SPF 15 or greater c. wear UV protective sunglasses d. all of these
a. CFCs b. CH4 c. O3 d. CO2 e. H2O 10. Which of these statements is false about the Antarctic CFC-ozone reactions? a. These reactions occur during late winter and early spring b. These reactions occur inside the polar vortex. c. Ozone thinning is maximum during autumn d. At its maximum, the ozone “hole” covers an area about the size of North America. e. During these reactions, chlorine is a catalyst, used over and over. 11. The definition of ozone hole is a concentration less than 200 Dobson Units a. true b. false
a. scrubbing b. settling chambers c. catalytic converter d. solidification e. freezing
a. positive feedback b. negative feedback 14. Earth warms and water evaporates from oceans. The moisture condenses to form clouds. Albedo increases. a. positive feedback b. negative feedback 15. You hear so much about anthropogenic air pollution, but what about natural air pollution? All of these are examples of natural air pollutants except for a. O3 from thunderstorms b. H2S from geysers and hot springs c. hydrocarbons from cyanobacteria d. CO, CO2, & PM from forest fires e. CH4 from cow & termite “farts” 16. Clean air laws have done a fair job decreasing air pollution, with one exception. Which of the anthropogenic air pollutant emissions has slightly increased during the last thirty years? a. particulates b. sulfur dioxide c. carbon monoxide d. lead e. nitrogen oxides
a. toxic chemicals and CFCs b. nutrient oversupply and pesticides c. acid-forming compounds and nuclear waste d. CFCs and CO2 e. nutrient oversupply and nuclear wastes 18. Which of the anthropogenic gases has the greatest heat trapping ability? a. CH4 b. N2O c. O3 d. CFC’s e. CO2 19. During the 1951 London smog crisis, dark and cold weather led the population to burn more coal. Burning more coal caused the weather to become more dark and cold. This is an example of a. positive feedback b. negative feedback c. El Niño 20. NAAQS regulates the concentrations of all of these substances except for a. CFCs b. NOx c. O3 d. P.M. e. SOx 21. Colorless, tasteless gas that combines with hemoglobin 250 times more rapidly and securely than CO2 a. methane b. ozone c. hydrogen sulfide d. sulfur dioxide e. carbon monoxide 22. Gases associated with acid rain a. CO2 and CO b. O2 and O3 c. NOx and SOx d. methane and propane 23. All of these activities add particulates to the air except for a. plowing b. desertification c. wildfires d. denitrification e. fuel combustion of diesel trucks 24. The yellowish, hazy color of tropospheric smog is due to the presence of a. nitrogen dioxide b. ozone c. lightning d. acid rain e. water vapor 25. Meteorology and topography affect the potential for air pollution. All of these circumstances put Ramona at risk of air pollution except for a. the businesses along Main St. are bunched together, causing small traffic jams b. very few residents of Ramona carpool to work c. Ramona is located in a bowl-shaped valley d. the valley of Ramona is located about thirty miles from the ocean. e. normally the breezes in Ramona only blow after sunset, after the photochemical reactions occur 26. Acid deposition is a. fifty dollars down and fifty dollars a month b. rain or particulates with a pH lower than 5.6 c. rain or particulates with a pH higher than 7.0 d. ash and dust with a pH lower than 3.0 e. eroding statues made of granite and ceramic 27. The most significant factor in reducing sulfur dioxide in the troposphere is a. catalytic burners on cars b. banning the incineration of refuse and trash c. increasing the recycling of toxic wastes d. building coal-burning power plants with scrubbing features
a. granite underlying a lake b. thin soils c. adding mercury to a lake d. calcium-carbonate rich soils e. replacing tall smokestacks with shorter stacks at point-source emissions of sulfur 29. Which of these is not a common indoor pollutant? a. asbestos fibers b. bacteria and mold c. formaldehyde d. particulates e. propane 30. All of these are consequences of increased atmospheric particulate matter except for a. blocks the flow of oxygen in lung passages of animals b. the greatest lung damage by PM is caused by particles 0.1 to 10 microns in diameter c. increases the amount of sunlight to Earth which leads to an increase in atmospheric temperatures d. PM of asbestos and lead can be toxic
a. has been linked to lung cancer b. can enter homes through ceiling vents and attic fans c. tends to occur in sedimentary rocks d. is a radioactive gas that decays into uranium-238 e. all of these 32. What is Bhopal’s claim to fame? a. Extreme coastal flooding during the monsoons of 1985 killed tens of thousands of people (global warming) b. Hot and fast moving volcanic mud and ash slides after the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in 1976 c. More than 2000 people were killed and over 50,000 blinded after exposure to an accidental leak of pesticide d. Bhopal is a model city for developing countries in regards to efforts to clean air and water e. Bhopal was the site of the 2002 film festival for the premier of major Greenpeace and Sierra Club films. 33. Why does the EPA permit more carbon monoxide in Los Angeles than in Denver, Colorado? a. Sunlight intensity at the higher altitude of Denver is greater which results in higher levels of ozone b. The Denver folks are more interested in human health than the folks of Los Angeles. c. Skiing (in Denver) is a more demanding sport than sunbathing (in L.A) d. Denver is located in a geographical basin while Los Angeles is located next to the ocean. e. The higher elevation of Denver accentuates the effects of carbon monoxide on oxygen transport by hemoglobin. 34. Which of these is NOT a match for indoor air pollutant and source? a. asbestos : fireproofing b. carbon monoxide “ kerosene space heaters c. formaldehyde : particle board d. particulates : fireplaces e. ozone : photosynthesis by indoor plants 35. The Clean Air Act of 1990 includes all of these statements except for a. tobacco smokers must smoke outside b. mandates sulfur reduction by 50% c. utility companies can sell their unused pollution credits d. tighter emission controls on cars e. 189 toxic pollutants must be managed by better technology 36. Indoor air pollution is potentially worse than outdoor pollution because a. people tend to spend more time indoors b. buildings tend to contain and recirculate air pollutants c. humans have evolved tolerances to most outdoor air pollutants d. indoor conditions provide habitats for organisms that are a source of air pollution e. all of these 37. Reasonable methods for reducing indoor pollution include all of these except for b. cleaning and replacing filters on ventilation equipment c. sending tobacco smokers and chewers outside d. grooming and brushing your cats and dogs indoors e. removing toxic substances such as asbestos insulation and particle-board wood 38. Which statement about “sick building syndrome” is false? a. People exhibit different reactions to sick building syndrome because they have different lifestyles and different sensitivities to contaminants b. People transport sick building syndrome from one building to another. c. Sick building syndrome can be intensified when people are crowded together d. Sick building syndrome can affect economic productivity 39. Even though radon has a brief half-life it is hazardous to humans because a. during a shower or bath, radon gas diffuses out of solution and you breathe it b. radon can stick to dust particles and become lodged in your lungs c. when radon is inhaled its decay particles can damage the DNA in your lungs d. most people spend a lot of time in the house e. all of these are reasons that radon can be hazardous 40. Which of these is an anthropogenic cause of global warming? a. CO2 emissions from volcanoes b. CO2 emissions from diesel trucks 41. With an increase in altitude, the average change in temperature in the Earth’s troposphere is a. 6.5 º F warmer per km b. 6.5 ºC cooler per km 42. Since the formation of Earth a. the proportion of CO2 has decreased in the atmosphere b. the proportion of O2 has increased in the atmosphere c. the quantity of N2 has probably remained the same, but its proportion has changed due to photosynthesis d. all the above are true
a. Ground fires which are used to clear land or remove unwanted plant material from crops (e.g. sugarcane) b. Combustion of fossil fuels on the farm by tractors and during the transport of vegetables to market. c. Denitrification adds nitrogen to the atmosphere, a green house gas. d. Deforestation. With deforestations, there are fewer trees using CO2 for photosynthesis. e. Cleared lands absorb more sunlight and in turn radiate infrared (heat) 44. Meteorologists predict that global warming may cause a. changes in direction of the major ocean currents b. melting of the polar ice caps and glaciers c. a rise in sea level d. thermal expansion of the oceans e. all of these
a. climate b. relative humidity c. microclimate d. weather e. hurricane season 46. Several factors control the occurrence of deserts. One factor is that deserts tend to be located a. 300 meters above sea level or higher b. in the southern hemisphere c. on the west coasts of continents at 30 degrees north and south latitude d. on continents with less area than Australia
a. changes in ocean temperatures over the last 100,000 years b. quantities of fossil fuels stored in marine sediments c. depth of ice sheets over the North Pole and South Pole ice caps d. the extent of damage to coral reefs caused by acid rain in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean
a. the number of offspring a k-strategist has during each birth event b. the heat retention capacity of the ocean c. a type of choral singing that doesn’t use any accompanying instrumentation d. a family of fish that are fast swimmers, giving their “meat” a red color e. the ability to reflect sunlight from the Earth’s surface or atmosphere 49. Which of these statements is false about the Coriolis Effect on global wind and water patterns? a. Winds are deflected in a clockwise direction around high pressure air systems over Nevada. b. The winds of an Australian cyclone (extreme low pressure system south of the equator) deflect clockwise c. The ocean currents of the South Atlantic travel in a clockwise direction. d. The Gulf Stream, part of the North Atlantic Ocean, is deflected in a clockwise direction.
a. positive b. negative c. not a feedback 51. With global warming, there will be melting of the polar and high altitude ices, increasing the exposed area of dark soil. What type of feedback will this produce? a. positive b. negative c. not a feedback 52. Which of these is false about the Earth’s atmosphere? a. 78% is N2 b. 21% is O2 c. with increasing altitude, temperatures increase in the stratosphere d. ozone in the troposphere ranges from 10 to 14% by volume
a. CO2 has decreased from Earth’s atmosphere due to diffusion into the ocean b. O2 increased in the atmosphere due to photosynthesis by autotrophs c. The original atmospheres of Earth, Venus, and Mars probably had similar compositions. d. Most of the gases in Earth’s atmosphere originated from volcanic eruptions e. N2 has increased due to the activity of bacteria in the nodules of legumes 54. In general, sailing ships steer away from the horse latitudes because in this zone a. air is descending b. air is moving clockwise c. the winds are cold d. dead horses floating in the water can put a hole in the ship’s hull 55. Lead is one of the worst indoor air pollutants because it causes mental and behavioral problems in young children. What is the source of most indoor lead pollution? a. radon gas b. kids chewing on pencils c. living in dwellings built and painted before 1978 56. Legionnaires Disease was identified after an outbreak at an American Legion Convention at a Philadelphia hotel in 1976. Which statement best describes the outbreak? a. The combination of cigarette smoke and exposure to high concentrations of carbon monoxide caused respiratory distress and chronic lung disease in convention attendees. b. Hotel employees were exposed to spores of Clostridium botulinium from improperly cooked food and were stricken with botulism. c. Convention attendees were exposed to bacteria that had colonized dirty air-conditioning vents; several attendees died and many others became ill. d. Exposure to high levels of radon gas resulted in the development of cancers of the respiratory tract in several convention attendees. 57. Air pollution is a global issue as demonstrated by an increase in asthma rates in people of the Caribbean Islands which was linked to increased dust storms over the Sahara desert. a. true b. false 58. Mostly added to the atmosphere by the combustion of coal. a. lead b. UV-A c. CFCs d. ozone e. Sox 
59. What is the significance of the up-down-up-down portion of the graph? a. global warming b. nocturnal-diurnal activity c. summer-winter photosynthesis 60. Fume recovery systems on the gas pumps at Chevron and Mobil stations capture a. lead b. SOx c. water vapor d. carbon dioxide e. VOC 61. Which of these is part of Earth’s energy budget? a. insolation b. reflection by clouds & glaciers c. absorption by dark soil d. infrared from soil e. all of these 62. Which of these factors affects an urban microclimate? a. pavement b. trees on Main St. c. number of stop lights d. height of buildings e. all of these 63. Natural greenhouse conditions are mostly the consequence of the heat trapping by _____, which is responsible for about 85% of the natural greenhouse effect. a. CO2 b. CH4 c. water vapor d. O3 e. wooly particulates 64. Which statement about the polar vortex is correct? a. Polar atmospheric clouds form within the Antarctic polar vortex. b. During the Antarctic winter, cloud particles within polar stratospheric clouds serve as chlorine sinks c. Polar stratospheric clouds drift toward the middle latitudes during the Antarctic summer, thus depleting the Antarctic of its protective ozone shield d. Increased UV radiation during the Antarctic spring liberates free chlorine from cloud particles, thus initiating ozone-depleting catalytic chain reactions. 65. A natural source of ozone-depleting chemicals might be a. changes in ocean temperature. b. volcanic eruptions resulting in sulfur dioxide c. methane production as a result of wastewater treatment d. There are no natural sources of chemicals that deplete ozone
a. Ozone is created when infrared light strikes oxygen molecules. b. Ozone is formed when fossil fuels are burned, releasing organic molecules that are broken down by UV radiation. c. Ozone is formed when UV radiation strikes O2 and breaks into two oxygen ions. Each ion will attach to another O2 creating O3 d. Ozone is formed when UV radiation strikes a CFC molecule, releasing a chlorine atom that steals an oxygen atom from chlorine nitrate. 67. Which of these statements about the Montreal Protocol of 1987 is false? a. At the summit twenty-plus nations agreed to phase out CFC emissions over the next decade b. If all nations respect the intent of the Montreal Protocol, then stratospheric ozone levels may return to normal by the middle of the 21st Century. c. Most developing nations will need some major economic incentives to stop using CFCs. d. Because volcanic emissions of HF and HCl have contributed to stratospheric ozone depletion, scientists will develop techno logy which will reduce volcanic emissions.
a. is only a problem over Antarctica, under the Antarctic vortex. b. occurs during the winter months c. occurs in the troposphere d. has increased the fish harvest off the coast of Australia
I. stratospheric II. tropospheric III. eye and lung irritation IV. skin cancer a. I and III b. I and IV c. II and III d. II and IV 70. Which of these statements about particulate matter is false? a. Natural sources of PM are volcanic eruptions and dust storms b. The greatest lung damage is caused by PM between 0.1 and 10 microns c. Cars produce PM from road wear of tires and during fuel combustion d. Particulate matter in the air can affect areas far away from its source and for a very long time.
a. is produced primarily from burning coal or oil in large power plants b. is produced directly by automobiles c. involves reactions with UV d. is yellowish-brown and odorless
a. burning of leaves and stunted growth of trees b. overproduction of eggs by fish and frogs c. corrosion of marble statues and limestone buildings d. nutrient leaching from igneous soils e. deforestation 73. About 90% of the mass of air in Earth’s atmosphere is located in a. the troposphere b. the tropopause c. the stratosphere d. the thermosphere e. air bubbles in glacial ice
a. photosynthesis b. forest fires c. aerobic respiration d. internal combustion engines e. volcanoes
a. dizziness and nausea b. respiratory distress and coughs c. eye irritation d. bad breath
a. volcanoes b. deforestation c. industrial operations d. poorly tuned trucks 77. All of these are greenhouse gases except for a. CO2 b. CH4 c. CFC’s d. argon e. O3 78. Which anthropogenic gas is responsible for 50 to 60% of the greenhouse conditions affecting global warming? a. CO2 b. CH4 c. H2O d. O2 e. N2 Directory: ClassDocuments ClassDocuments -> Compulsory Voting Australia is Well-Known for its Compulsory Voting Laws Download 44.24 Kb. Share with your friends:
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