Resolved: On balance, economic globalization benefits worldwide poverty reduction 3
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Resolution 3 Resolved: On balance, economic globalization benefits worldwide poverty reduction 3 Definitions – Economic Globalization 4 Economic Globalization vs. Political Globalization 7 Social Globalization 9 Economic, Political, and Cultural Globalization 10 General Globalization Definition 11 KOF Globalization Index 14 Routes Through Which Globalization Impacts Poverty 15 “Extreme” Poverty Defined 16 1.22 Billion Live in Poverty Now 17 “Poverty” Defined 18 History of Globalization 20 Globalization Reduces Poverty 25 Poverty Decreasing 59 Growth Reduces Poverty 64 Long-Term Reduction in Poverty 65 Globalization Increases Growth 68 Poverty Impact 71 A2: Children in Sweatshops 72 A2: Increased Poverty in the US 74 A2: Globalization Causes a Race to the Bottom 75 Globalization Reduces Inequality 76 A2: Globalization Increases Inequality 81 A2: Globalization Reduces Wages 84 A2: Globalization Doesn’t Benefit Africa 86 Protected Globalization Good 88 Democratic Globalization Good 96 A2: Global Trade Not Sustainable 98 A2: Globalization Hurts Environment 100 A2: World Trade Organization Only Benefits the Powerful 110 A2: World Trade Organization Hurts Progressive Interests 111 A2: World Trade Organization Bad for Developing Countries 113 A2: Globalization Unsustainable 115 A2: Globalization Causes Political Crises 121 A2: Globalization Causes War 123 A2: Globalization Reduces Wages 125 A2: Globalization Undermines Collective Bargaining 126 A2: Globalization Increases Rich-Poor Gap 128 China Responsible for the Decline in Poverty 129 Globalization Bad 131 Poverty 132 A2: Globalization Reduces Poverty 150 Poverty Increasing 154 Environmental Destruction Turn 155 Globalization Increases Inequality 157 Inequality Increasing 159 Globalization Leads to Sex Trafficking 162 Economic Inequality Undermines Poverty Reduction 166 Other Inequality Impacts 167 Short-Term Poverty Increase 168 Inequality Between Countries 169 Inequality Leads to Poverty 170 Violence 171 A2: Inequality Reduction in Asia 178 A2: Benefits Workers 179 A2: Capitalism Self Correcting 180 A2: Government Policies Protect the Poor 184 Bad Growth 187 Economy 190 Environment Extensions 192 Globalization Causes War 197 A2: Gartzke 201 A2: Tech Solves 204 A2: Status Quo Improving, Collapse Not Inevitable 211 A2: IKC – Inequality Kuznet’s Curve 216 A2: EKC – Enviroment Kuznet’s Curve 218 A2: Trade Increases Democracy 220 Country-Based Policies Best to Solve Poverty 221 Nation-State Key—Global Capitalism 223 Nation-State Key—Global Capitalism 227 Nation-State Key—A2: Global Solidarity 229 Nation-State Key—A2: Nationalism 231 Turns Economy 232 A2: Sustainability 236 A2: Capitalism Solves War 237 A2: Democratic Globalization Good 239
ResolutionResolved: On balance, economic globalization benefits worldwide poverty reduction Definitions – Economic GlobalizationGeneral definitionStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, May 6, 2014, Feminist Perspectives on Globalization, http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/feminism-globalization/ DOA: 1-1-2015 1. What is Globalization? 1.1 Economic Globalization Economic globalization refers to the processes of global economic integration that emerged in the late 20th century, fueled by neoliberal ideals. Rooted in classical liberal economic thought, neoliberalism claims that a largely unregulated capitalist economy embodies the ideal of free individual choice and maximizes economic efficiency and growth, technological progress, and distributive justice. Economic globalization is associated with particular global political and economic institutions, such as the World Trade Organization, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank, and specific neoliberal economic policies, such as the following: Trade liberalization. Free trade policies, such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), seek to integrate regional or global markets by reducing trade barriers among nations. Signatory countries typically agree to eliminate tariffs, such as duties and surcharges, as well as nontariff obstacles to trade, such as licensing regulations, quotas on imports, and subsidies to domestic producers. Deregulation. Trade liberalization is associated with the easing of restrictions on capital flow and investment, along with the elimination of government regulations that can be seen as unfair barriers to trade, including legal protections for workers, consumers, and the environment. Privatization of public assets. Economic globalization is marked by the sale of state-owned enterprises, goods, and services to private investors in the name of expanding markets and increasing efficiency. Such assets include banks, key industries, highways and railroads, power and electricity, education, and healthcare. Privatization often also involves the sale of publicly owned, economically exploitable natural resources, such as water, minerals, forests, and land, to private investors. Elimination of social welfare programs. Neoliberalism favors sharp reductions in public expenditures for social services, such as housing, health care, education, and disability and unemployment insurance, as a crucial means of reducing the role of government and making private businesses more efficient. Structural Adjustment Policies (SAPs) have been instrumental in requiring countries in the global South to eliminate social welfare spending. Since the early 1980s, the World Bank and International Monetary Fund have required debtor nations to adopt SAPs as a condition of borrowing money or improving conditions of existing loans. SAPs require debtor nations to restructure their economies along neoliberal lines, by, for example, removing government regulation, eliminating social welfare programs, and promoting market competition. Restrictions on immigration. While many countries have liberalized capital markets and eased barriers to transnational trade in goods and services under globalization, most have not eliminated barriers to the flow of labor. Indeed, some affluent countries, such as the United States, have implemented more restrictive immigration policies, leading to the detention and deportation of thousands of undocumented immigrants and the militarization of national borders. Despite these restrictions, however, migration has increased along with other processes of globalization. Political philosophers are concerned with the effects of these policies on human well-being. Proponents of globalization claim that economic liberalization has enabled many people throughout the world to move out of conditions of dire poverty. Open markets, they argue, have increased employment and productivity within developing countries, raising the standard of living and enhancing the well-being of the people living within them (Diamandis and Kotler 2012, Friedman 2012, Micklethwait and Wooldridge 2000, O'Neil 2013). Critics point out that neoliberal policies have created the widest gap between the very rich and very poor in history, with unprecedented wealth for the rich and poverty and destitution for millions of the global poor (Nikiforuk 2007, Pogge 2002). On the whole, they argue, globalization has benefitted the world's wealthiest people—both citizens of the global North and the elite in developing countries—without substantially benefitting the majority of the world's population. Feminist philosophers insist that economic globalization must also be understood in terms of the effects it has had on women, who make up a disproportionate percentage of the global poor. Most agree that these effects have been primarily negative. For instance, Jaggar argues that globalization has promised many things that are crucial to feminists: peace, prosperity, social justice, environmental protection, the elimination of racism and ethnocentrism, and, of course, an increase in the status of women. However, neoliberal policies have brought about the opposite of these aspirations. Rather than peace, they have created conditions for war and increased militarism; rather than prosperity and social justice, they have increased the gulf between the rich and the poor; rather than environmental protection, they have led to the privatization and destruction of publicly-owned natural resources; and rather than eliminating racist, ethnocentric, and sexist barriers, globalization has been, ultimately, “a system hostile or antagonistic to women” (Jaggar 2001, 301). Economic globalization is economic integration of countriesWikpedia, no date, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_globalization, DOA: 1-1-15 Economic globalization is the increasing economic integration and interdependence of national, regional and local economies across the world through an intensification of cross-border movement of goods, services, technologies and capital.[1] Whereas globalization is a broad set of processes concerning multiple networks of economic, political and cultural interchange, contemporary economic globalization is propelled by the rapid growing significance of information in all types of productive activities and marketization, and by developments in science and technology.[2] Economic globalisation primarily comprises the globalization of production and finance, markets and technology, organizational regimes and institutions, corporations and labour.[3] While economic globalization has been expanding since the emergence of trans-national trade, it has grown at an increased rate over the last 20–30 years under the framework of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and World Trade Organization, which made countries gradually cut down trade barriers and open up their current accounts and capital accounts.[2] This recent boom has been largely accounted by developed economies integrating with less developed economies, by means of foreign direct investment, the reduction of trade barriers, and in many cases cross border immigration.
Economic globalization is a worldwide phenomenon wherein countries’ economic situations can depend significantly on other countries. Many allied countries would supply resources to each other that the other countries do not have. These resources can cover imported products, technology, and even human labor. Many people have observed that this phenomenon may lead to a “one-world government,” which consists of a centralized government for all nations. One popular activity under globalization is international trade, in which products and services are exchanged between or among nations. Many countries that have abundant natural resources rely on this trading system to market their unique local products and, in turn, improve their economic state. International trade has been practiced for centuries, as evidenced by the Silk Road that connects Asia and Europe for trading purposes. One modern example of this type of trade is the toy industry, wherein many American-sold toys have the phrase “Made in China” embossed on their surface. Economic globalization may involve the financial and economic aspects of a nation primarily, but its interdependent nature can inevitably affect a country’s lawmaking system and cultural identity. Trading policies and tax treaties are created between countries to regulate trade and protect either country from threats of terrorism. Multinational companies are changing some cultural aspects of many countries; fast food restaurants, for example, have changed the eating habits of Asian countries that consider rice as a staple food. Fashion trends from European countries are also carried over to the opposite side of the globe. Directory: uploads uploads -> 587 Return function, r i(X) r i(0) r i(1) r i(2) r i(3) 1 0 2 4 6 Thermal Station, I 2 0 1 5 6 3 0 3 5 6 10 uploads -> Department of science and humanities department of mathematics part-a questions and answers uploads -> The Case Against the nypd’s Quota-Driven ‘Broken Windows’ Policing What Is It? uploads -> For want of a nail uploads -> Ownership Models There are two different types of ownership models uploads -> Police Militarization uploads -> City of rising star regular meting thursday, july 14, 2016 uploads -> Township of winfield uploads -> Stop Militarizing Law Enforcement Act of 2014 uploads -> The Black Panther Party’s Ten-Point Program What We Want Now! Download 1.02 Mb. Share with your friends:
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