Semester Earth Science What theory did Galileo overturn?

A. geocentric theory

B. heliocentric theory

C. the Big Bang theory

D. the laws of planetary motion

2. Which object is the largest?

A. Earth C. the Milky Way Galaxy

B. the sun D. a star

A. time C. volume

B. distance D. speed
4. About how many kilometers are in 2.4 light years?

A. 22.7 kilometers

B. 22.7 trillion kilometers

C. 2.7 kilometers

D. 2.7 meters
5. Which happened MOST recently?

A. the formation of the universe C. the formation of the sun

B. the formation of the solar system D. the formation of the Milky Way
6. The solar system is thought to be formed from which of the following objects?

A. the universe C. the sun

B. the Milky Way Galaxy D. a nebula
7. Which of the following is the correct order of events?

A. spinning nebula, formation of sun, formation of solar system, Big Bang

B. Big Bang, spinning nebula, formation of sun, formation of solar system

C. formation of solar system, formation of sun, spinning nebula, Big Bang

D. Big Bang, formation of sun, formation of solar system, spinning nebula

8. Which of the following is NOT a difference between the inner planets and the outer planets?

A. The inner planets terrestrial (rocky) planets, while the outer planets are made of gas.

B. The inner planets are much closer together than the outer planets.

C. The outer planets are much colder than the inner planets.

D. The inner planets have water, while the outer planets do not.

A. The largest asteroid is 900 km in diameter.

B. Asteroid are in a regular orbit around the moon.

C. Asteroids are rocky and have entered the Earth’s atmosphere.

D. Most asteroids are found between Mars and Jupiter.
10. Choose the sequence that accurately describes a space rock falling from space to Earth’s surface.

A. meteoroid, meteorite, meteor

B. meteor, meteorite, meteoroid

C. meteorite, meteor, meteoroid

D. meteoroid, meteor, meteorite
11. Which of the following objects does NOT have a regular orbit around the sun?

A. a comet

B. an asteroid

C. Earth

A. a pulling force that acts on objects over a distance

B. a pushing force that acts on objects over a distance

C. a pushing force that acts between two objects in contact

D. a pushing force that acts between objects in contact
13. If a man weighs 24 kg on Earth, but weighs 4 kg on the moon, what can be said about the moon’s gravity?

A. The moon’s gravity is 6 times that of Earth’s.

B. The moon’s gravity is 1/6^th of Earth’s gravity.

C. There is no gravity on the moon.

D. The moon has no mass.
14. If Earth was twice as far away from the sun, what would the affect be on the gravity between Earth and the sun?

A. gravity would increase

B. gravity would decrease

C. gravity would stay the same

D. gravity would increase at first, but then decrease
15. What is the affect of the gravitational attraction between the sun and Earth on Earth’s orbit?

A. It makes the orbit follow a straight path.

B. It makes the orbit follow a curved (elliptical path).

C. It has no effect on Earth’s orbit.

D. It destroys the orbit.
16. If Earth’s revolution increased and rotation decreased, which set of data would be correct?

A. length of year, 340 days; length of day, 26 hours

B. length of year, 370 days; length of day, 28 hours

C. length of year, 380 days; length of day, 23 hours

D. length of year, 330 days; length of day, 20 hours
17. Which of the following statements is true about Earth’s ROTATION?

A. Rotation causes day and night. One rotation of Earth is 24 hours.

B. Rotation causes years. One rotation of Earth is 365.25 days.

C. Rotation causes day and night. One rotation of Earth is 365.25 days

D. Rotation causes years. One rotation of Earth is 24 hours.
18. Around what does the Earth REVOLVE?

A. the sun

B. its axis

C. the moon

D. nothing
19. From lowest to highest temperature, which is the correct order of Earth’s layers?

A. Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust

B. Mantle, crust, outer core, inner core

C. Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

D. Crust, mantle, inner core, outer core
20. In general, how does the density of material in Earth’s layers change with depth?

A. Density increases with depth

B. Density decreases with depth

C. Density does not change with depth

D. Density increases, then decreases with depth
21. Earth’s mantle is

A. a layer of molten metal

B. a layer of hot rock

C. a dense ball of solid metal

D. a layer of rock that forms Earth’s outermost surface
22. This layer is a liquid layer of the Earth and consists of iron and nickel.

A. outer core

B. inner core

C. mantle

D. crust
23. A boundary where two plates come together or collide is called a(n)

A. divergent plate boundary

B. transform plate boundary

C. convergent plate boundary

D. sea-floor spreading
24. Plate tectonics describes movement of plates where?

A. Earth’s crust

B. Earth’s mantle

C. Earth’s outer core

D. Earth’s inner core
25. As distance increases from a mid-ocean ridge, the rocks

A. Grow younger

B. Grow older

C. Do not change in age

D. Become liquid

26. Scientists understand that lithospheric plates move due to ____ in Earth’s mantle.

A. Seafloor spreading

B. Convection currents

C. Earthquakes

D. Mid-ocean ridges

A. Liquids of the same density

B. A rising less dense liquid and a sinking more dense liquid

C. A rising more dense liquid and a sinking less dense liquid

D. Solids of different densities
28. The San Andreas Fault is watched carefully for signs of an expected earthquake. Why?

A. Because there has been so much construction of buildings there.

B. It is a known, active transform plate boundary

C. Part of California is sinking into the ocean.

D. Every place on Earth’s crust has the probability of earthquakes.

29. Most earthquakes and volcanoes occur in areas of the Pacific Ocean called "The Ring of Fire." Why?

A. Large numbers of people live in this area.

B. That area is hotter than any other area on Earth.

C. Plate boundaries are found in that area.

D. The weight of the ocean water forces magma to the surface.

A. The continental plates have floated on top of the oceans.

B. Sea-floor spreading has divided the plates that the continents sit on.

C. More water has been created on Earth, forcing the continents to move apart.

D. Subduction has destroyed the land of the continents, leaving large gaps in between them.
31. What did Wegener do?
A. Pointed out to the scientific community that the continents “fit” together like puzzle pieces and fossils from across the ocean matched.

B. Started a rock band called the “Tectonics”

C. Made hypotheses that could be tested in his lifetime.

D. Called his mom when other scientists made fun of him.

Use the figure above to answer questions 32-34. Please note: the pictures are NOT in order.

A. Waning gibbous

B. Waxing gibbous

C. Waning crescent

D. Waxing crescent
33. If the pictures were in order, which picture would come after picture H?

A. Picture A

B. Picture B

C. Picture C

D. Picture F
34. How long would it take for the moon to travel from picture H to picture B?

A. One week

B. Two weeks

C. Three weeks

D. Four weeks
35. If the moon revolved around the Earth twice as slow as it does, how long could one lunar cycle be?

A. 4 weeks

B. 8 weeks

C. 12 weeks

D. 2 weeks
36. The phases of the moon are produced because the moon

A. revolves around the Earth

B. revolves around the sun

C. rotates around the Earth

D. rotates around the sun
37. What phase must the moon be in to allow for lunar eclipses?

A. New moon

B. Full moon

C. First quarter

D. The moon phase does not matter, lunar eclipses can happen anytime.
38. Choose the correct order of the following objects during a LUNAR eclipse.

A. sun, moon, Earth

B. sun, Earth, moon

C. moon, sun, Earth

39. Which position of the moon could cause a solar eclipse?

A. 1

B. 2

D. 4

A. Northern Hemisphere

B. Southern Hemisphere

C. neither hemisphere

D. both hemispheres
41. Rocks found on Earth are generally classified as sedimentary, metamorphic, or igneous. On which basis are these classifications made?
A. where the rocks are found

B. how the rock feels

C. how the rocks were formed

D. the chemical composition of the rocks

A. extrusive

B. intrusive

C. volcanic

43. Using the picture above, what type

of rock is marble?

A. Sedimentary

B. Igneous

C. Metamorphic

D. Extrusive
44. The steps (in correct order) for what occurs in the formation of  sedimentary rocks:
A.  cementation, erosion, deposition, weathering        
B.  erosion, weathering, cementation, deposition
C.  cementation, deposition, erosion, weathering
D.  weathering, erosion, deposition, cementation

45. What is the primary cause of volcanoes and earthquakes?

A. plate movement

B. Earth's gravitational force

C. higher than usual tides

D. solar magnetic storms

46. Finnis would like to improve his grades. He spends a lot of time studying the night before the test, but doesn’t do very well. He talked to his friends that do well on tests. They tell him that they look over notecards for 15 minutes every night, and the night before the test, they only have to review the information. Finnis decides to try this. What would his hypothesis be?
A. If I only study the night before the test, then I will get good grades.

B. If I study my notecards every night, and review the night before the test, then my scores will improve.

C. If I improve my grades by studying, then my parents will give me an I-pod Touch with $50 credit on I-tunes for tracks from the Kid Bopz album.

D. If I want an I-pod, then I should study more.

What is the independent variable?

1. 
   Number of tricks
   
2. 
   Number of books he’s read
   
3. 
   How many types of treats he uses
   
4. 
   Treating the dog every time
   

48. Campbell is in lab with an open flame. The equipment catches fire. She realizes that although she’s wearing her goggles, and has her hair tied back, that the first thing she should do is:

B. Hand it to her lab partner

C. Take it to the trash can

D. Tell the teacher

B. Problem (question), Hypothesis, Materials and Procedure, Data, Conclusion

C. Data, Problem (question), Materials and Procedure, Hypothesis, Conclusion

D. Problem (question), Hypothesis, Data, Materials and Procedure, Conclusion

A. A guess about something

B. A prediction about what will happen in an experiment

C. A well-tested concept that explains a wide range of phenomenon.