Social Studies 9
Ch.#4 - Collective Rights: Official Language Groups
Use pages 141 -151 to complete the activities and questions below.
1. What are the two official language groups of Canada?
Anglophone Francophone
2. __11__ provinces and territories have a majority of English-speaking people.
___1_ provinces and territories have a majority of French-speaking people.
___1__ provinces and territories have a majority of Inuktitut-speaking people.
3. “Students Speak” – pages 143 - 144
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Rachel St. Laurent
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Devin Mens
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School,
Community,
& Province
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Ecole Heritage
Falher AB
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Quebec High School
Quebec City, Quebec
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Why do they say it’s important to attend the school they have chosen?
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Shows her community she is trying to be involved in French
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English is his Mother tongue
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In what ways do they hope for their minority language to be helpful in the future?
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Pass it on to her kids
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Shows that everyone is different but nobody is better because of language
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English has the most career possibilities (for him- sciences)
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What advantages do they see in being bilingual?
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In her community many people speak only French. To own her own business, bilingualism is an asset
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Outside of school and home, most people speak French in his community. He needs it to stay involved (ie baseball)
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What challenges do they face?
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Losing her French. It takes effort to keep a language that few around her speak
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He is not concerned because English is dominant in Canada, even if not in his city
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4. In your opinion what challenges and opportunities does this language diversity create for Canada?
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5. What are the Charter rights of official language groups?
• Sections 16& 20 = English and French are official languages (conduct federal government affairs in either language
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Same sections specify New Brunswick as bilingual (note: other than Quebec, no other province has declared itself officially bilingual – English is the default language of most use)
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Section 23 – says a French speaking or English speaking minority population with a sufficient size, has the right to publically funded schools in their language.
Time line of Francophone’s collective rights
1608-Samuel de Champlain founds the city of Quebec, and establishes New France
1774- Quebec Act passed by Britain recognizing Francophone language and identity
1867- BNA Act establishes Canada as a bilingual and bicultural country
1969- Official Languages Act reasserts equality of Francophones and Anglophones
1982- CCRF confirms official bilingualism and establishes official minority language education rights
6. How has the Charter affected Francophone education?
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French and English were a part of Confederation – they made Canada what it is today
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BNA Act (when Confederation was established) made Canada officially bilingual (1867)
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The Charter made French and English the official languages of Canada’s parliament
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There are guaranteed public school for Protestant minority in Quebec (Anglophones) and for Catholic minorities (francophones) in the rest of Canada. Note: these were the English/French divisions in Canada at the time of Confederation
7. Confederation means joining together. In what ways was Mcdonald & Cartier’s alliance significant to Canadian identity today?
MacDonald and Cartier were the first English/French alliance. They were at Confederation and made sure that they set up Canada this way. Their alliance made Canada French & English.
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8. In what ways did each event affect or alter the ideas about bilingualism & biculturalism in Canada?
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Original Rights
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Changes
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Manitoba Schools Act – 1890
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Funding for both Protestant (Anglophone) and Catholic (Francophone) schools
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MB was bilingual (in gov’t)
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Made MB an English only province
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Haultain Resolution &
Northwest Territories Ordinance #22 - 1892
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NWT (including what is the prairies today) was officially bilingual with publically funded Catholic and Protestant schools
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Proceedings in provincial gov’t to be in English only
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English was to be the language of instruction in all schools
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9. In what ways does the “Cause & Effects” chart on page 148 convey the impact of Section 23 on the B.N.A. Act of 1867?
a.) On Francophone Schools?
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People had the right to lobby for minority language education
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AB opened 2 publically funded schools in Edm & Calgary
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AB now has 26 publically funded Francophone schools
b.) On Francophone School Boards?
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Parents fought for the right to have Francophone school boards
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Supreme court affirmed them
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Across Canada there are over 25 Francophone school boards (incl 5 in AB)
10. What reasons did Quebec’s Bill 101 give for promoting French and limiting the use of English in the province?
• French speaking people are a distinct people and French is the language that expresses their identity
• The People of Quebec want to make French the language of Gov’t and the everyday language of work, education and business
11. Summarize the chart on page 150
Before the Charter
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1982 Charter: Sec.#23
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After the Charter
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Commercial signs only in French
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Anglophone businesses seek the right to use English on signs
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The Supreme Court said:
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The law can require French but cannot prohibit English
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The law can require French to be more prominent on signs
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Francophones & immigrants in Quebec must go to Francophone schools
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Francophone & Immigrant parents seek the right to educate their children in English
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Supreme Court said:
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Francophones cannot educate their children in Anglophone schools
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Immigrants have the right to an Anglophone education if they have had previous education in English
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12. Why might English-speaking Canadians in other provinces disagree with Bill 101?
AWV – some may say that English speakers may not want the French to get “special” rules
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