Status of Agricultural Biotechnology and Biosafety in Selected Countries of the Balkans, the Caucasus and Moldova July 2003

FOREWORD iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS v

LIST OF TABLES vii

LIST OF APPENDICES vii

LIST OF ACRONYMS vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ix

SUMMARY xii

1. Countries of the Balkans 1

1.1 Albania 1

1.1.1 Profile of national agriculture 1

1.1.2 National agricultural policy 1

1.1.3 Status of biotechnology research 1

1.1.4 Ongoing biotechnology projects 2

1.1.5 Applications of biotechnology 4

1.1.6 Regulatory frameworks for biosafety of GMOs and IPR 4

1.1.7 Areas requiring support 4

1.2 Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, FRY (now Serbia-Montenegro) 5

1.2.1 Profile of national agriculture 5

1.2.2 National agricultural policy 5

1.2.3 Status of biotechnology research 5

1.2.4 Ongoing biotechnology projects 5

1.2.5 Applications of biotechnology 8

1.2.6 Regulatory frameworks for biosafety of GMOs and IPR 8

1.2.7 Areas requiring support 8

1.3 Bosnia and Herzegovina (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska) 8

1.3.1 Profile of national agriculture 8

1.3.2 National agricultural policy 9

1.3.3 Status of biotechnology research 9

1.3.4 Ongoing biotechnology projects 9

1.3.5 Applications of biotechnology 11

1.3.6 Regulatory frameworks for biosafety of GMOs and IPR 11

1.3.7 Areas requiring support 11

1.4 The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (TFYRM) 11

1.4.1 Profile of national agriculture 11

1.4.2 National agricultural policy 11

1.4.3 Status of biotechnology research 11

1.4.4 Ongoing biotechnology projects 12

1.4.5 Applications of biotechnology 14

1.4.6 Regulatory frameworks for biosafety of GMOs and IPR 14

1.4.7 Areas requiring support 14

1.5 Croatia 14

1.5.1 Profile of national agriculture 14

1.5.2 National agricultural policy 14

1.5.3 Status of biotechnology research 14

1.5.4 Ongoing biotechnology projects 15

1.5.6 Applications of biotechnology 19

1.5.7 Regulatory frameworks for biosafety of GMOs and IPR 19

1.5.8 Areas requiring support 19

2. Countries of the Caucasus and Moldova 19

2.1 Armenia 19

2.1.1 Profile of national agriculture 19

2.1.2 National agricultural policy 19

2.1.3 Status of biotechnology research 20

2.1.4 Ongoing biotechnology projects 20

2.1.5 Applications of biotechnology 23

2.1.6 Regulatory frameworks for biosafety of GMOs and IPR 23

2.1.7 Areas requiring support 23

2.2 Azerbaijan 23

2.2.1 Profile of national agriculture 23

2.2.2 National agricultural policy 23

2.2.3 Status of biotechnology research 24

2.2.4 Ongoing biotechnology projects 24

2.2.5 Applications of biotechnology 27

2.2.6 Regulatory frameworks for biosafety of GMOs and IPR 27

2.2.7 Areas requiring support 27

2.3 Georgia 27

2.3.1 Profile of national agriculture 27

2.3.2 National agricultural policy 27

2.3.3 Status of biotechnology research 27

2.3.4 Ongoing biotechnology projects 28

2.3.5 Applications of biotechnology 31

2.3.6 Regulatory frameworks for biosafety of GMOs and IPR 31

2.3.7 Areas requiring support 31

2.4 Moldova 31

2.4.1 Profile of national agriculture 31

2.4.2 National agricultural policy 31

2.4.3 Status of biotechnology research 31

2.4.4 Ongoing biotechnology projects 32

2.4.5 Applications of biotechnology 35

2.4.6 Regulatory frameworks for biosafety of GMOs and IPR 35

2.4.7 Areas requiring support 35

3. Agriculture in the Balkan and Caucasian subregions 35

4. Biotechnology and biosafety legislation in the subregions 37

5. Balkans subregional level 38

5.1 Biotechnology and biosafety trends 38

5.1.1 Plant biotechnology 38

5.1.2 Animal biotechnology 38

5.1.3 Legislation 38

5.1.4 Networks and international collaboration 38

5.1.5 Potential for partnerships in biotechnology and biosafety 39

5.1.6 Extent of the use of advanced communication technologies for exchange of information in biotechnology and biosafety 39

5.1.7 Recommendations 39

6. Caucasian subregional level 40

6.1 Biotechnology and biosafety trends 40

6.1.1 Biotechnology 40

6.1.2 Legislation 40

6.1.3 Networks and international collaboration 40

6.1.4 Potential for partnerships in biotechnology and biosafety 41

6.1.5 Extent of the use of advanced communication technologies for exchange of information in biotechnology and biosafety 41

6.1.6 Recommendations 41

7. A synopsis of recommendations for support to agriculture and biotechnology 41

7.1 Political support and legal assistance 44

7.2 Financial support 44

7.3 Technical support 45

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