Survey of manet based on Routing Protocols

MANET,Routing,IMEP

INTRODUCTION

Wireless ad-hoc network along with sub types of MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc network) is shown in fig1. and fig.2 shows diagrammatic representation of MANET. From fig. 2 it is clear that MANET is having

no fixed base station, it works on mobile nodes ,it shows Ad-hoc configuration which is not having prior infrastructure means it is infrastructureless.Still it is hot research area because it works better on mobile nodes.

Wireless Ad-hoc Network

Wireless Mesh Network WMN

Mobile Ad-hoc Network MANET

Wireless Sensor NetworkWSN)

Intelligent vehicle Ad-hoc Network (InVANET)

Vehicle Ad-hoc Network (VANET)

Fig 1: Wireless Ad-hoc Network



Fig 2: Mobile Ad-hoc Network ( MANET )

As shown in fig.1 Wireless Ad-hoc network again classified as wireless mesh network, Mobile Ad-hoc network (MANET), Wireless sensor network. MANET also categorized into Vehicle Ad-hoc network (VANET) and Intelligent vehicle Ad-hoc Network (InVANET).This paper based on study related to wireless Ad-hoc network MANET.

MANET(MobileAd-hoc network) is infrastructureless network. The network in which base stations are not fixed, operates on asymmetric links, random nodes is called as infrastructureless network. With this network various protocols works for routing data, Routing is the process of data transfer in between source and destination. In the process of routing protocols are essential. Routing protocols mainly of two types:

1. Unicast routing protocols and

2. Multicast routing protocols.

Unicast protocols are AODV, DSR, ZRP, DSDV, TORA, CBRP, and CEDAR

Multicast protocols are MAODV, AMROUTE, ODMRP, and AMRIS

This study of MANET extended with unicast routing protocols because main purpose of MANET is to handle random mobile nodes, works on dynamic links and changing topology, which is possible with unicast routing protocols. Classification of unicast routing protocols along with dig. given in fig.1.3

Ondemand protocols also refer as Reactive protocol. This types of protocols find a route on demand by flooding the network with route request packets.

For MANET in next section discussed overview of unicast routing protocols those works better on rapidly changing network topology.

Desirable properties of MANET are:-

1. It works better for distributed operation which is difficult in wired network.

2. Its have loop freedom.

3. Provide demand based operation.

4. It can easily operate on unplanned, dynamic links.

5. No need of expensive infrastructure.

6. Fast distribution of messages between sender and receiver.

• 
  MANET used mostly every sector like military applications for location detection, machinery simulation
  
• 
  Scientific and Research Application,
  
• 
  Educational purpose such as online teaching learning process, data searching also for
  
• 
  Medical applications
  
• 
  Engineering applications.
  

Work efficiently on mobile nodes, changing topology is main aspect of MANET In this section discussion on such protocols is given.

Destination sequence distance vector routing protocol is a table driven routing protocol.DSDV mainly supports unicast routing. In this each node contains sequence number for each hop in a routing table. It also contains metric of that node. It reacts rapidly on hop as it keeps record of sequence number of each hop. So, it is again called as reactive routing protocol. With proper use of sequence number DSDV can avoid loops. In DSDV the route having lowest sequence number is more favourable route. In DSDV each node knows state and topology of entire network. With this benefit of DSDV is it also guaranteed loop freedom.

DSDV performs periodically not good when mobility increases.

Perform slow reaction on restricting and failure of packets.

TORA (Temporary Ordered Routing Algorithm) [1,2,3]

TORA is on-demand source initiated routing protocol, it discovers route on demand. It uses IMEP(Internet MANET encapsulation protocol) as transport for reliable guaranteed in order delivery for routing messages.TORA discovers multiple routes to destination and goes from upstream and downstream like flowing water .

TORA specially designed to minimized overhead but still contain high routing overhead, because when many sources transmitting simultaneously TORA can’t find path.

TORA never try to find shortest path.

If TORA tried to find shortest path more congestion created.

DSR is source initiated routing protocol which comes under category of on-demand routing protocol.DSR is source based so, it uses source routing rather than hop by hop routing. Like,DSDV it also mainly supports unicast routing . In DSR no need to keep up to date routing information because DSR basically works on route discovery and route maintenance. With route discovery it floods the route request message and gives reply to given request with route reply.

Benefit of DSR is it always delivers 95% of packets in all cases.

AODV (Adaptive On-Demand Distance Vector) Routing Protocol. [3,5,6,7]

In AODV routing overhead increases as mobility increases but benefit is it controls the overhead when the number of nodes increases.

AODV supports multicasting and unicasting within a uniform framework.

AODV offers quick alteration to dynamic link conditions, low processing and memory overhead, low memory utilization, and determines unicast routes to destinations within adhoc network.

Benefit of DSR is it always delivers 95% of packets in all cases which is also characteristic of AODV.

CONCLUSION

AODV also offers quick alteration to dynamic link conditions, low processing and memory overhead, low memory utilization, and determines unicast routes to destinations within adhoc network.

In future scope this study will get extended on MANET to reduced overhead of data and to provide efficient routing by minimizing delay which occurs while packet transmission with AODV (ADAPTIVE ON-DEMAND ROUTING PROTOCOL).

Appendix A Acronyms

DSR Dynamic Source routing

IMEP Internet MANET encapsulation protocol

MANET Mobile Ad-hoc network

TORA Temporary Ordered Routing Algorithm

REFERENCES

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Sunil Taneja and Ashwani Kush, “ A Survey of Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks,” International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, Vol. 1, No. 3, August 2010, ISSN: 2010-0248

Park, V.D. and M.S. Corson, 1997a. A highly adaptive distributed routing algorithm for mobile wireless networks. Proceedings of the16th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, Apr. 9-11, IEEE Computer Society,Washington DC., USA., pp:1-9

Humayun Bakht , “Survey of Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad-hoc Network “,Volume 1 No. 6, 2010-11 IJICT Journal. ISSN-2223-4985

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V. D. Park and M.S. Corson. “A Highly Adaptive Distributed Routing Algorithm for Mobile Wireless Networks.” Proceedings of INFOCOMM ’97 April 1997.

C. Perkins and P. Bhagwat. “Highly dynamic Destination-sequenced distance vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers” ACM SIGCOMM '94 p234-244, 1994.