The Cloud Population and Onset of the Madden-Julian Oscillation over the Indian Ocean during dynamo-amie
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Table 3: Maximum lagged cross-correlation coefficients (with lag in hours in parentheses) between 20 dBZ echo-top height, convective/stratiform areal coverage, and unfiltered, unsmoothed specific humidity anomalies for times during WH04 MJO active phases 8-31 October – 15 January using various smoothing periods. Only All correlations correlation values that are bolded are statistically significant at the 959% level. Variables correlated are shown in columns 1 and 2. are shown. Because of missing radar data, the time series are correlated for long periods during which radar and rawinsonde data was available. The first column contains the time period over which the variables in columns 2 and 3 are correlated. The maximum correlation (rmax) and the associated lag time is shown in columns 4 54, and the last two columns give the 99% confidence interval of rmax. Positive lags indicate that Variable 21 comes first. (Conv = Convective areal coverage; Strat = Stratiform areal coverage).
Figure Captions Figure 1: Location of the IOP in the Indian Ocean. Labeled dots represent rawinsonde launch locations within the IOP. Inset: Location of S-PolKa, SMART-R, and the ARM facility on Addu Atoll. Figure 2: Radar-derived precipitation averaged over the entire observational domain of S-PolKa. The red and blue lines attribute the amounts of precipitation to clouds classified as either convective or stratiform, and the black line denotes the total precipitation. WH MJO phases are denoted along the top axis. Solid, black vertical lines are drawn at times of minimum rainfall before or after large-scale convective events, which are denoted by CELCE1, CELCE2, and CELCE3. Figure 3: Examples of isolated shallow cells (top left), small clusters of convection with limited stratiform (top right), a squall line with associated stratiform area (bottom left), and mesoscale convection with widespread stratiform coverage (bottom right). The boxes in each 2x2 table correspond to the percentage of rainfall that is convective (top left) and stratiform (bottom left) and the fraction of the radar domain covered by convective (top right) and stratiform (bottom right) echoes for each panel. Dates for each event are shown. Figure 4: a) Mean fraction of radar domain occupied by either stratiform or convective precipitating clouds during each phase of the MJO as described by WH. b) Same as a), but composited in three day intervals relative to Day 0 instead of by WH MJO phase. c-e) Same as b), but for c) October only, d) November only, and e) December only. for stratiform echoes during each LCE and composited among the three LCEs. c) Same as b), but for convective echoes. Figure 5: Joint probability density function, with respect to time and height, of 20 dBZ echotop heights observed by S-PolKa. The series is first smoothed to 3-hour intervals, then the PDF at each time is normalized to 1. White columns represent periods when the S-band was not operational. The dates denoted on the top axis represent the Day 0 associated with each large-scale convective event. Figure 6: a) Probability distribution functions of 20 dBZ echo-top heights and b) number of 20 dBZ echo-topses reaching at various heights observed by S-PolKa. Both are plotted as time-height diagrams. c) Same as a),) Probability distribution functions for 20 dBZ echo-top heights but for "MCSrainy periods" and "dry periodsnon- MCS" days and WH MJO phases 8-3 and 4-7. Figure 7: Anomalies of zonal wind (u'), meridional wind (v'), and temperature (T'); and fractional difference of specific humidity from the mean (q*'). All are computed with rawinsonde data from soundings launched from Gan Island. All anomalies are calculated relative to the mean value from 1 October 2011 to 9 February 2012. Data have been interpolated temporally to fill in for missing soundings or bad data, and vertical resolution of the data after smoothing is 5 hPa. The dates denoted on the top axis represent the Day 0 associated with each large-scale convective event. Figure 8: a) Same as Figure 5 but smoothed to 72-hour intervals. The solid red line follows the modal distribution of cloud echo-top height. b) Timeseries of q*' smoothed to 72 hour intervals. The Eulerian derivative of q*' is shown in gray contours only where positive. The solid black line is the same as the red line in a). The dates denoted on the top axis represent the Day 0 associated with each large-scale convective event. Figure 9: Mean Composite median relative humidity vertical profiles computed from rawinsonde data at Gan Island. The black solid (dashed) line is the relative humidity profile for MCS days during MJO active (inactive) phases 8-3 (4-7). The blue and red lines show the relative humidity profiles, respectively, for rainy periods and dry periods. Figure A1: a) Same as Figure 6c, but using a precipitation threshold of 0.25 mm to separate rainy and dry periods (see text). b) Same (8, 1, 2, and 3), and the black dashed line is the humidity profile for non-MCS days during the active phases. The gray shaded regions indicate pressure levels at which the difference between RH profiles for non-MCS days and phases 4-7 is statistically significant.as Figure 9, but using a precipitation threshold of 0.25 mm. Directory: pub -> houze -> old -> PowellPaper pub -> Acm word Template for sig site pub -> The german unification, 1815-1870 pub -> Baltic Olympiads in Informatics: Challenges for Training Together pub -> Preparation of Papers for ieee transactions on medical imaging pub -> Forthcoming meetings and conferences pub -> Asilomar Conference on Circuits, Systems & Computers, Pacific Grove, ca, November 1978, pp. 55 58 pub -> Forthcoming meetings and conferences pub -> Harmonised compatibility and sharing conditions for video pmse in the 7 9 ghz frequency band, taking into account radar use Download 176.26 Kb. Share with your friends:
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