The iPhone Effect

Environment and Behavior, Vol. 48(2) 275 –298
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DOI: 10.1177/0013916514539755
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Article
The iPhone Effect The
Quality of In-Person
Social Interactions in
the Presence of Mobile
Devices
Shalini Misra
1
, Lulu Cheng
2
, Jamie Genevie
1
, and
Miao Yuan
3
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between the presence of mobile devices and the quality of real-life in-person social interactions. Ina naturalistic field experiment, 100 dyads were randomly assigned to discuss either a casual or meaningful topic together. A trained research assistant observed the participants unobtrusively from a distance during the course of a min conversation noting whether either participant placed a mobile device on the table or held it in his or her hand. Using Hierarchical Linear Modeling, it was found that conversations in the absence of mobile communication technologies were rated as significantly superior compared with those in the presence of a mobile device, above and beyond the effects of age, gender, ethnicity, and mood. People who had conversations in the absence of mobile devices reported higher levels of empathetic concern. Participants conversing in the presence of a mobile device who also had a close relationship with each other reported lower levels of empathy compared with dyads who Virginia Tech, Alexandria, VA, USA
2
Monsanto, St. Louis, MO, USA
3
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Corresponding Author:
Shalini Misra, Urban Affairs and Planning, School of Public and International Affairs, Virginia Tech, 1021 Prince St, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA. Email shalini@vt.edu
539755
EABXXX10.1177/0013916514539755Environment and BehaviorMisra et al.
research-article2014

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Environment and Behavior 48(2)
were less friendly with each other. Implications for the nature of social life in ubiquitous computing environments are discussed.