The phonemic chart

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THE PHONEMIC CHART

vowels

monophthongs

diphthongs

consonants

Consonants – their classification

A. English consonants may be classified by the manner of articulation and by the place of articulation.

By the manner of articulation as

plosives:

fricatives:

affricates:

nasals:

liquids

(the lateral:… and the post alveolar approximant:… )

semivowels

By the place of articulation as

labials: bilabials (lips):

labiodentals (lips and teeth):

dentals (teeth):

alveolars (gums):

including the postalveolar r

palatals (palate):

velars (soft palate):

glottal (glottis):

B. Consonants may be classified as voiced and unvoiced/voiceless.

p	b	t	d	tS	dZ	k	g
f	v	T	D	s	z	S	Z
m	n	N	h	l	r	w	j

Voiced consonants are:

Unvoiced consonants are:

Pronunciation of voiced consonants at the end of English words

lag vs lack

dog vs dock

clog vs clock

pig vs pick

C. Aspirated [p^h, t^h, k^h]

listen to Peter Piper tongue twister,

Which phonemes get aspirated?
D. Comparison with the Czech system of

consonants

Which ones are missing in Czech?

2. Which ones are part of the Czech

system but not part of the English one?
E. Problematic consonants for Czech

learners

The most relevant and frequent errors of Czech learners

Consonants:

/d/ instead of /D/, /f/ instead of /T/
/v/ instead of /w/
/ng/ instead of /N/
Aspiration of /p/, /t/, /k/
voiced consonants at the end of a word are pronounced as unvoiced
/Í/, /Ù/
/r/ is strongly trilled
/h/ is voiced

Tasks to practise grammatical endings

Task 1

Consider pronunciation of adjectives ending in –ed in these sentences.
Put them under the proper heading according to the pronunciation of –ed.
Example: She’s interested in you.

I’m not used to going home late.

[t]	[d]	[Id]
shocked	bored	disappointed
embarrassed	worried	disgusted
		needed

[t]	[d]	[Id]
embarrassed shocked	bored worried	disgusted disappointed

Task 2

Look at this table and complete the rules.

1. When the –ed ending follows the phoneme [t] or [d] at the end of the word, it is pronounced ………….

2. When the –ed ending follows a voiceless consonant (= p, k, f, s, T, S, Í) apart from [t] at the end of the word, it is pronounced ………….

3. When the –ed ending follows either a vowel or a voiced consonant (= b, g, v, z, D, Z, Ù, m, n, r, l, j) apart from [d] at the end of the word, it is pronounced ………….

Practical implications of correct pronunciation of grammatical endings?

1.

plural endings –s, es (e.g. dogs, buses, books)

verb endings –s, es (e.g. stops, watches, opens)

possessive case -’s (e.g. brother’s books)

When to pronounce these endings as [s], [z], or [Iz]?

2. –ed endings in verbs (e.g. wanted, stopped, judged)

–ed endings in adjectives (e.g. interested, bored,

emrarrased)

When to pronounce these endings as [t], [d], or [Id]?
Task 3

You can prepare a parallel table which will be true for –s, -es endings.

[t]	[d]	[Id]
[s]	[z]	[Iz]
books	nouns	dresses
tips	cars	watches

Task 4

Sort out these words into columns according to the proper pronunciation of

–s, -es endings.

You can formulate parallel rules which will be true for –s, -es endings.

1. When the –s, -es ending follows the phonemes [s, z, S, Z, Í, Ù] at the end of the word, it is pronounced ………….

The phonemes [s, z, S, Z, Í, Ù] are called sibilants.

2. When the –s, -es ending follows a voiceless consonant (= p, k, t, f, T) apart from [s, S, Í] at the end of the word, it is pronounced ………….

3. When the –s, -es ending follows either a vowel or a voiced consonant (= b, g, v, D, d, m, n, r, l, j) apart from [z, Z, Ù] at the end of the word, it is pronounced ………….

Task 5

Check the pronunciation of the endings and meaning of these adjectives in the dictionary as the exceptions exist.

naked

ragged

wicked

rugged

beloved

jagged

Task 6

Sort out any 10 verbs in the regular past form according to the pronunciation of –ed.

[t]	[d]	[Id]

Task 7

Spot the Odd one out in these groups of verbs:

1.	opened	closed	washed	remembered	robbed
2.	needed	hated	rained	patted	wanted
3.	watched	hopped	hoped	jumped	grained
4.	judged	signed	averaged	practised	achieved

Task 8

Prepare similar Odd one out tasks to practise

plural noun endings (3 lines)
verbs endings in –s, -es (3 lines)
verbs endings in -ed (3 lines)

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