Typhoon (the Northwest Pacific Ocean west of the dateline)
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- How do they determine the "category"
- Saffir-Simpson Category Maximum sustained wind speed (mph)
- How are Hurricanes Named
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A  hurricane is a severe tropical storm that forms in the North Atlantic Ocean, the Northeast Pacific Ocean east of the dateline, or the South Pacific Ocean east of 160E. Hurricanes need warm tropical oceans, moisture and light winds above them. If the right conditions last long enough, a hurricane can produce violent winds, incredible waves, torrential rains and floods. In other regions of the world, these types of storms have different names.
Typhoon — (the Northwest Pacific Ocean west of the dateline) Severe Tropical Cyclone — (the Southwest Pacific Ocean west of 160E or Southeast Indian Ocean east of 90E) Severe Cyclonic Storm — (the North Indian Ocean) Tropical Cyclone — (the Southwest Indian Ocean) Hurricanes rotate in a counterclockwise direction around an "eye." A tropical storm becomes a hurricane when winds reach 74 mph. There are on average six Atlantic hurricanes each year; over a three-year period, approximately five hurricanes strike the United States coastline from Texas to Maine. The Atlantic hurricane season begins June 1 and ends November 30. The East Pacific hurricane season runs from May 15 through November 30, with peak activity occurring during July through September. In a normal season, the East Pacific would expect 15 or 16 tropical storms. Nine of these would become hurricanes, of which four or five would be major hurricanes. When hurricanes move onto land, the heavy rain, strong winds and heavy waves can damage buildings, trees and cars. The heavy waves are called a storm surge. Storm surge is very dangerous and a major reason why you MUST stay away from the ocean during a hurricane. Hurricanes typically last from two to fourteen days. They tend to move from east to west, at speeds between 10 and 30 mph. Their intensity is ranked on a scale of 1 to 5 called the Saffir-Simpson scale. This scale measures three types of activity: wind speed, air pressure, and storm surge. The storm surge is a 50 to 100-mile-wide dome of water that sweeps across the coastline near where a hurricane makes landfall. How do they determine the "category"? Category 3, 4, and 5 hurricanes are collectively referred to as intense or major hurricanes. These intense hurricanes cause over 70% of the damage in the United States, even though they account for only 20% of all hurricane strikes. Check the chart below to see how scientists rate hurricanes.
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