University of virginia
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ConclusionSecular universities need athletics more than religious universities not because of money, both secular and religious affiliated schools make money on athletics. What secular universities receive is the religious identity that the religious universities take for granted. All four of the religious-affiliated universities in this study reinforce its religious identity through forcing students to reside on campus where the student is then subjugated to religious based rules. Looking at the scandals section of this paper and how each university handled the situations it is easy to say that religious schools never get in trouble. That is not true, but it does highlight that perhaps because the schools, critical mass or secularized, have a strong stance against breaking rules due to their religious identity. Others might say that really the division is not between religious-affiliated schools and secular universities but between the different divisions within the NCAA. This would be the next step in studying this problem. College athletics function as a religion is this country, especially for secular universities without a separate religious identity. The system is set up where, especially for the large FBS schools, it is difficult to think of these universities outside of athletics. The busiest day on campus is typically game day and graduation and there are more game days than graduation ceremonies. The challenge then is for those universities who find their identity only from athletics to balance the needs of being successful in athletics and being successful in the original purpose of the university to educate people. When the identity is so wrapped up in athletics there is a danger that the institution will protect athletics no matter the ethical or financial costs.
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Accessed November 19, 2011. http://espn.go.com/mens-college-basketball/story/_/id/6899851/byu-cougars-reinstate-honor-code-violator-brandon-davies 2 George Dohrmann and David Epstein, “The Fall of Jim Tressel” Sports Illustrated June 6, 2011, 40-48. 3 “Postseason football: May any awards be sold or traded?”NCAA.org, accessed July 2, 2011. http://www.ncaa.org/wps/wcm/connect/ public/ncaa/resources/postseason+football/may+any+awards+be+sold+or+traded. 4 Dohrmann, “Fall of Jim Tressel” 42. 5 Bill Bender, “Ohio State’s scandal: A timeline,” Sporting News, July 8, 2011, accessed October 23, 2011, http://aol.sportingnews.com/ncaa-football/story/2011-07-08/ohio-states-scandal-a-timeline. 6 Author Unknown, “Private Versus Public Colleges” CollegeConfidential.com accessed July 2, 2011. http://www.collegeconfidential.com/dean/archives/000294.htm. 7 National Center for Education Statistics, accessed October 23, 2011. http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/datacenter/. 8 Title IV Programs accessed September 22, 2011 http://federalstudentaid.ed.gov/about/title4_programs.html 9 Higher Education Act accessed September 22, 2011 http://www.tgslc.org/policy/hea.cfm 10 Guy Lewis, “The Beginning of Organized Collegiate Sport,” American Quarterly 1970, 224. 11 Michael Oriard, Bowled Over Big-Time College Football from the Sixties to the BCS Era. 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Accessed November 5, 2011http://ncaa.org/wps/wcm/connect/public/ncaa/about+the+ncaa/who+we+are/differences+among+the+divisions/division+i/about+division+i. 21 Paul W. Grimes and George A Chressanthis. “Alumni Contributions to Academics: The Role of Intercollegiate Sports and NCAA Sanctions.” American Journal of Economics and Sociology. 53 (1994): 28. 22 Grimes, Alumni Contributions…” 28. 23 Murray Sperber, Beer and Circus: How Big-Time College Sports Is Crippling Undergraduate Education, (New York, NY: Henry Holt and Company, 2000) xii. 24 Michael S. Harris, “Institutional Brand Personality and Advertisements During Televised Games” 23. 25 Oriard, Bowled Over, 240. 26 Emile Durkheim, The Elementary Forms of Religious Life Translated by Joseph Ward Swain. (New York: Collier Books, 1961), 62. 27 Randall Collins, “The Sociology of God,” in Sociological Insight: An Introduction to Non-Obvious Sociology. Ed. Randall Collins, 30-59 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992). 32. 28 Collins, “The Sociology of God,” 33. 29 Eric Bain-Selbo, Game day and God: Football, Faith, and Politics in the American South. (Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 2009) 2. 30 Michael Novak, The Joy of Sports: Endzones, Bases, Baskets, Balls, and the Consecration of the American Spirit, rev. ed. (Lanham, MD: Madison Books, 1994) 346. 31 Bain-Selbo, Game Day and God. 5. 33 Benne, Quality with Soul, 171. 34 Brigham Young University, “History of BYU.” BYU.edu. Accessed October 14, 2011. http://yfacts.byu.edu/viewarticle.aspx?id=137. 35 Brigham Young University, “BYU Demographics” BYU.edu Accessed October 15, 2011. http://yfacts.byu.edu/viewarticle.aspx?id=135. 36 Wheaton College, “College Profile” Wheaton.edu. Accessed October 15, 2011. http://www.wheaton.edu/About-Wheaton/Profile. 37 Wheaton College, “Community Covenant” Wheaton.edu Accessed October 15, 2011. http://www.wheaton.edu/About-Wheaton/Community-Covenant. 38 Wheaton College “Community Covenant” 39 Wheaton College “Community Covenant” 40 Wheaton College, “Living at Wheaton” Wheaton.edu. Accessed October 22, 2011. http://www.wheaton.edu/Student-Life/Living-at-Wheaton. 41 University of Miami. “Overview” UM.edu. Accessed October 15, 2011. http://www.miami.edu/sa/index.php/residential_life/on_campus/overview/. 42 Dean of Students Office at the University of Miami “University of Miami 2011-2012 Student Rights and Responsibilities” UM.edu pg 47. 43 University of Southern California, “About USC: History” USC.edu. Accessed October 15, 2011. http://about.usc.edu/history/. 44 University of Southern California, “FAQs: Student Life.” USC.edu. 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Accessed October 15, 2011. http://urds.osu.edu/housing/learning-communities-living-environments/. 50 University of Texas at Austin, “Residence Halls at a Glance” The Division of Housing and Food Service. Texas.edu. Accessed October 16, 2011.http://www.utexas.edu/student/housing/index.php?site=1&scode=4&id=140&flash_vr 51 University of Texas at Austin, “Standards of Conduct.” Texas.edu. Accessed October 16, 2011. http://www.utexas.edu/student/studentaffairs/standardsofconduct.html. 52 The College of New Jersey. “TCNJ receives top rank in 2011 U.S. News survey,” TCNJ.edu, August 17, 2010. Accessed October 18, 2011. http://www.tcnj.edu/~pa/news/2010/usnews11.htm. 53 US Department of Education, The Equity in Athletics Data Analysis Cutting Tool, Accessed November 8, 2011. http://ope.ed.gov/athletics/GetOneInstitutionData.aspx 54 Robert Benne, Quality with Soul: How Six Premier Colleges and Universities Keep Faith with Their Religious Traditions, (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2001) 85. 55 Benne, Quality with Soul, 85. 56 Naomi Schaefer Riley, God on the Quad: How Religious Colleges and the Missionary Generation Are Changing America, (New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press, 2005) 53. 57 University of Notre Dame Office of Undergraduate Admissions, “Campus & Community: Athletics.” Accessed September 24, 2011. https://admissions.nd.edu/life-at-notre-dame/campus-and-community/athletics/ 58 Notre Dame, “Campus & Community: Athletics.” 59 US Department of Education, The Equity in Athletics Data Analysis Cutting Tool, Accessed November 8, 2011. http://ope.ed.gov/athletics/GetOneInstitutionData.aspx 60 Williams College, “U.S. News & World Report Names Williams Top National Liberal Arts College in the Nation.” Williams.edu. Accessed October 15, 2011. http://web.williams.edu/athletics/saying_20030901.php. 61 Amherst College, “Department Information.” Amherst.edu. Accessed October 15, 2011. https://www.amherst.edu/athletics/department. 62 US Department of Education, The Equity in Athletics Data Analysis Cutting Tool, Accessed November 8, 2011. http://ope.ed.gov/athletics/GetOneInstitutionData.aspx 63 Texas Athletics “University of Texas Men’s and Women’s Athletics Councils” TexasSports.com. Accessed October 16, 2011. http://www.texassports.com/ot/athletics-councils.html. 64 Wheaton Football Media Guide. Accessed October 22, 2011. Wheaton.edu. http://www.sidearmdmg.com/wheaton/football/. 4. 65 Wheaton Swimming, “ Team Philosophy.” Wheaton.edu. Accessed October 22, 2011. http://athletics.wheaton.edu/documents/2007/11/6/Team_Philosophy.pdf. 66 NCAA Resources, “Major Infractions” accessed November 5, 2011 https://web1.ncaa.org/LSDBi/exec/miSearch. 67 Charles Robinson, “Renegade Miami Football Booster Spells Out Illicit Benefits to Players” Yahoo Sports August 16, 2011. Accessed October 15, 2011. http://sports.yahoo.com/investigations/news?slug=cr-renegade_miami_booster_details_illicit_benefits_081611 . 68 Author Unknown “Cash Bounties Reported at Miami.” The New York Times, May 24, 1994. Accessed October 15, 2011. http://www.nytimes.com/1994/05/21/sports/sports-people-football-cash-bounties-reported-at-miami.html. 69 David Swank and NCAA Committee on Infractions, “University of Miami Public Infractions Report.” NCAA News Release, December 1, 1995. Accessed October 15, 2011. https://web1.ncaa.org/LSDBi/exec/miSearch?miSearchSubmit=publicReport&key=63&publicTerms=THIS. 70 Lance Pugmire “NCAA combines investigations into USC athletics” LATimes.com April 9, 2009. Accessed October 15, 2011. http://articles.latimes.com/2009/apr/09/sports/sp-ncaa-usc9. 71 ESPN.com News Services “Reggie Bush to forfeit Heisman” ESPN.com. September 15, 2010. Accessed October 15, 2011. http://sports.espn.go.com/los-angeles/ncf/news/story?id=5572827. 72 ESPN.com News Services “USC to skip postseason, vacate wins.” January 4, 2010. Accessed October 15, 2011. http://sports.espn.go.com/los-angeles/ncb/news/story?id=4792634. 73 NCAA Resources “Major Infractions.” accessed November 5, 2011. https://web1.ncaa.org/LSDBi/exec/miSearch. 74 NCAA Resources “Major Infractions.” 75 NCAA Resources, “Major Infractions.” Directory: 2012 2012 -> The Case Against the nypd’s Quota-Driven ‘Broken Windows’ Policing What Is It? 2012 -> Annual InStructional unit plan 2012 -> University of Hawai‘i Maui College dental assisting program review october 21, 2013 2012 -> Committee on the rights of the child the rights of all children in the context of international migration 2012 -> Background on the Haitian Earthquake 2012 -> The Collected Wisdom of Science Olympiad Coaches 2012 -> Federal Communications Commission fcc 12-81 Before the Federal Communications Commission 2012 -> Aa and na members Dying from Tobacco 2012 -> [Baby Crying] 01: 04 [Ching Download 242.89 Kb. Share with your friends:
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