Commonwealth of Australia 2010
Appendix 1 - Methods for analysing cyanide
Download 2.29 Mb.
|
- Navigate this page:
- Analyte Methods of Analysis Comments
Appendix 1 -
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Analyte |
Methods of Analysis |
Comments |
|
Free Cyanide |
Silver nitrate (AgNO3) titration (typically with rhodanine indicator) |
Measures cyanide ion (CN-) and weakly bound metal complexes (e.g. complexes of Zn and some of Cu). In most process solutions, this method will not measure the HCN species (Staunton et al., 2003). Used for process solutions primarily >1 mg/L. Lowest quantitation limit (LQL) of 1 mg/L. |
|
|
Ion selective electrode. APHA 4500-CN F (APHA, 1998). USEPA Method 9213 (USEPA, 1996c) |
Close to free cyanide. |
|
|
ASTM Method D4282 (ASTM, 2002). Micro diffusion of HCN from static sample into NaOH trap. The cyanide concentration is determined colorimetrically using a spectrophotometer. |
Close to free cyanide. In this method, free cyanide refers to CN- and HCN and/or readily dissociable metal-cyanide complexes that yield, at pH 6 and room temperature, HCN. |
|
Weakly Dissociable Inorganic Cyanide Forms |
Weak Acid Dissociable (WAD) Cyanide: Manual distillation (pH 4.5-6.0) and potentiometric or colorimetric finish. ISO Method 6703/2 (ISO, 1984a) DIN 38405/13 (DIN, 1988); APHA 4500-CN I (APHA, 1998); ASTM D2036-98C (ASTM, 1998). APHA (1998) propose an additional method for analysis of WAD cyanide (APHA 4500-CN O). |
WAD-CN. Measures free cyanide, Zn(CN)x, Cd(CN)x, Cu(CN)x, Ni(CN)x and Ag(CN)x. The WAD-CN method is less prone to interferences than the CATC method. There is also an automated version of APHA 4500 (Automated Weak Acid Dissociable Cyanide by Thin Film Distillation; WAD-TFD). |
|
| ||
|
Analyte |
Methods of Analysis |
Comments |
|
|
Cyanide Amenable to Chlorination (CATC) (CN total minus non-chlorinatable part). USEPA Method 335.1 (CATC, titrimetric, spectrophotometric). ASTM D2036-B (CATC by difference) or ASTM D2036-C (CATC without distillation (ASTM, 1998); USEPA 9010C (USEPA, 2002) APHA 4500-CN G (distillation) or APHA 4500-CN H (without distillation). |
Measures free cyanide, Zn(CN)x, Cd(CN)x, Cu(CN)x, Ni(CN)x and Ag(CN)x (i.e. total cyanide except for iron-cyanide complexes; Kjeldsen, 1999). |
|
|
FIA in-line micro distillation pH 4.5 with colorimetric finish. ASTM Method D4374 (ASTM, 2000). |
Measures free cyanide, Zn(CN)x, Cd(CN)x, Cu(CN)x, Ni(CN)x and Ag(CN)x |
|
|
Available Cyanide. FIA In-line ligand exchange and amperometric measurement of the cyanide ion. USEPA OIA-1677 (USEPA, 1999). |
Measures free cyanide and the cyano-complexes of zinc (Zn(CN)42-), copper (Cu(CN)42-), cadmium (Cd(CN)42-), mercury (Hg(CN)42- and Hg(CN)2), nickel (Ni(CN)42-) and silver (Ag(CN)43-). Iron-cyanide complexes are not included, and none or only traces of complexes of gold (Au(CN)2-) and cobalt (Co(CN)63-) are included (USEPA, 1999). |
|
|
Picric acid, colorimetric determination. |
Measures free cyanide, Zn(CN)x, Cd(CN)x, Cu(CN)x, Ni(CN)x and Ag(CN)x |
|
| ||
|
Analyte |
Methods of Analysis |
Comments |
|
Total Inorganic Cyanide |
Strong acid (heated, sulphuric acid) digestion followed by manual batch distillation (APHA 4500-CN C; USEPA 9010C (USEPA, 2002); USEPA 9013 of SW-846 (USEPA, 1992a); ISO/DIS 6703/1 (ISO, 1984b; German Standard Methods); DIN 38405/14; DIN, 1988); ASTM D2036A (ASTM, 1998): With determination either by: - titration (4500-CN D; USEPA 9014 (USEPA, 1996b); USEPA 335.2); - colorimetry (4500-CN E; USEPA 9012A (USEPA, 1996a) or 9014 (USEPA, 1996b); USEPA 335.3); or - potentiometry (APHA 4500-CN F). APHA (1998) also propose an additional methods analysis of total cyanide (APHA 4500-CN N and O).
|
LQL: 0.10 mg/L. Measures free cyanide, and cyano-metal complexes (e.g. Zn(CN)x, Cd(CN)x, Cu(CN)x, Ni(CN)x and Ag(CN)x, parts of Au(CN)x, Co(CN)x, Pt(CN)x and Pd(CN)x). Does not include cyanate, thiocyanate, and certain nitriles (Kjeldsen, 1999). |
|
|
FIA, in-line UV Digestion, micro-distillation and colorimetric measurement. ASTM Method D 4374 (ASTM, 2000). |
Measures free cyanide, and cyano-complexes (e.g. Zn(CN)x, Cd(CN)x, Cu(CN)x, Ni(CN)x, Fe(CN)x and Ag(CN)x, parts of Au(CN)x, Co(CN)x, Pt(CN)x, and Pd(CN)x). There is an automated version of this analysis: Automated Total Cyanide by UV Digestion and Thin Film Distillation, ASTM D 4374-93. |
|
|
Draft Method OIA-1678 USEPA (1998b), Online UV digestion with acid, amperometric monitoring and segmented flow injection analysis |
Free cyanide and cyano-metal complexes (e.g. Zn(CN)x, Cd(CN)x, Cu(CN)x, Ni(CN)x, Hg(CN)x, Fe(CN)x and Ag(CN)x) |
|
Sources: Adapted from Schulz (2002) and Zheng et al. (2003). | ||
0017 -> National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme
word doc -> Priority Existing Chemical
word doc -> Rail safety news issue 6 – October 2011
word doc -> Review of Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: Identifying
0017 -> Rail Safety News Edition 8, December 2012
0017 -> Real-Time License Plate Localisation on fpga
0017 -> Careers network bulletin issue 6 July 16 2012
0017 -> Wiser science: Finding References inspec for Physics and Engineering
0017 -> Part A: Depth Study: The globalising world Popular culture and public policy
Share with your friends: