Damage and losses (including physical damage, indirect and economic losses, and injuries and deaths) that are associated with hazards result when an event affects areas where people and improved property are located. After hazards are identified, then estimates of how exposed people and property are (how “at-risk”) can be prepared, especially if the hazards can be characterized by areas on a map.
When the full range of possible natural and man-made hazards is reviewed, it becomes apparent that some events occur frequently and some are extremely rare. Some hazards impact large numbers of people to a limited degree, while others may cause very localized but very significant damage. As described in Section 5.1, floods and flash floods have historically caused the most property damage in Pearland.
Between 1950–2002, the City of Pearland area experienced 97 severe thunderstorms (10 of which had greater than 50 knot winds), 33 tornadoes, 9 severe droughts, 76 hail storms (25 of which had greater then 1” diameter hail), 1 hurricane, 5 tropical storms, 6 extreme heat waves, and 41 floods/flash floods. A number of these events caused property damage and loss of life.(Reference NOAA database and “Major and Catastrophic Storms and Flooding in Texas”, by Raymond M. Slade, Jr. and John Patton, U.S.G.S. Open-file Report 03-193).
4.2.1 Weather-Related Deaths
The National Weather Service maintains data on weather-related deaths. Summary statistics for the State of Texas based on those data are provided in Table 4-1. Because the reporting periods are different, percentages, not actual numbers, are provided.
-
Table 4-1
Texas Weather-Related Deaths
(as percent of all weather-related deaths).
|
Hazard
|
Statewide
(1989–2000)
|
Brazoria County/Pearland
(1989–2002)
|
Flood/Flash Flood
|
35%
|
1%
|
Tornado
|
10%
|
0%
|
Lightning
|
8%
|
1%
|
Winter Storm/Ice Storm
|
6%
|
4%
|
Extreme Heat
|
34%
|
56%
|
Severe Thunder Storm
|
4%
|
1%
|
Hurricane/Tropical Storm
|
3%
|
37%
|
The following table is an overview of the likelihood of Occurrence and the estimated impact to public health, safety, and property for various hazard types. Table 4-2 was taken directly from the City of Pearland’s Basic Emergency Management Plan approved by Texas DEM in 2003. As indicated in the Sample Planning Notes for the Basic Plan information in this summary is based on a Hazard Analysis conducted by the City of Pearland’s Emergency Management Department. The likelihood of a hazard occurring is categorized as Unlikely, Occasional, Likely, or Highly Likely based on historical data and, in the absence of historical data, estimates.
Table 4-2
Hazard Summary.
| |
Likelihood of Occurrence*
|
Estimated Impact on
Public Health & Safety
|
Estimated Impact
on Property
| Hazard Type: |
(See below)
|
Limited Moderate Major
|
Limited Moderate Major
|
Natural
|
Drought
|
Occasional
|
**
|
**
|
Earthquake
|
Unlikely
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Flash Flooding
|
Highly Likely
|
|
|
Flooding (river or tidal)
|
Highly Likely
|
|
|
Hurricane
|
Highly Likely
|
|
|
Subsidence
|
Occasional
|
|
|
Tornado
|
Occasional
|
|
|
Wildfire
|
Unlikely
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Winter Storm
|
Unlikely
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Technological
|
Dam Failure
|
Unlikely
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Energy/Fuel Shortage
|
Unlikely
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Hazmat/Oil Spill (fixed site)
|
Highly Likely
|
|
|
Hazmat/Oil Spill (transport)
|
Highly Likely
|
|
|
Major Structural Fire
|
Occasional
|
|
|
Nuclear Facility Incident
|
Unlikely
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Water System Failure
|
Unlikely
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Security
|
Civil Disorder
|
Unlikely
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Enemy Military Attack
|
Unlikely
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Terrorism
|
Unlikely
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
* Likelihood of Occurrence: Unlikely, Occasional, Likely, or Highly Likely
** Note: the estimated impact for drought is focused on crop damage, not building damage
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