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Flood Risks – Public Buildings
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- 5.4 Flood Risks – Roads
5.3 Flood Risks – Public BuildingsThe City of Pearland owns eleven buildings and many parcels of land in various locations throughout the City (Map 5-3). City facilities are described below along with notes regarding flood exposure. Even though the map indicates floodplain locations, no facility is exposed to significant flood damage. Wastewater Treatment Plant. The City of Pearland owns four wastewater treatment facilities and associated sewage collection systems, shown on Map 5-3 and described below:
The only flood damage reported occurred at the Green Tee Number 1 air-lift station during Tropical Storm Allison. The City submitted a request for Public Assistance for the damage; the request was denied because it was determined that the station was leaking prior to the flood. Water Supply Facilities. The City owns four water towers and nine water supply wells that provide the majority of the water to City residences and businesses. None of these facilities are in the floodplain. Public Schools. The Pearland Independent School District owns the City’s 17 public schools. In addition, the Alvin Independent School District is constructing an elementary school in the far west portion of the City. Based on a review of the FIRM, of the 17 schools, 15 are in Zone X. The only addresses that fall in or near the 100-year floodplain are 4717 and 4719 Bailey Road, which are the Pearland Ninth Grade Center and Pearland Junior High South, respectively. Both of these schools are located on the same large campus and were built just 2 or 3 years ago. The school buildings themselves were permitted as being in the 100-year floodplain and are elevated at least one foot above the base flood elevation. City Buildings. City buildings and facilities have sustained limited damage due to flooding in the past. Interviews with staff resulted in the following characterizations of past events:
5.4 Flood Risks – RoadsNationwide, flooded roads pose the greatest threat to people during floods. Most of the more than 200 people who die in floods each year are lost when they try to drive across flooded roads. Driving into water is the number one weather-related cause of death in Central Texas. Statewide, between 1960 and 1996, 76% of flood-related deaths were vehicle-related (Texas Environmental Center, online). As illustrated in Figure 5-3, flood hazards for cars vary with both velocity and depth of floodwaters. Many cars will float in less than 24 inches of water. Fast-moving water can quickly wash cars off the road or wash out a low section of road. Although most roads in Pearland are unlikely to have deep or fast-moving water during flood conditions up to the level of the 100-year flood, many are still known to flood regularly. The City has approximately 303 miles of road:
Figure 5-3. Flood Hazard Chart for Cars. Table 5-3, prepared by Pearland’s Road and Bridge Maintenance, lists roads and intersections that where flood warning signs are placed due to frequent flooding (also see Map 5-4).
When building new state roads or upgrading existing roads, the Texas Department of Transportation considers the NFIP’s floodplain and floodway requirements to evaluate the impact of new and replacement structures. The City considers floodplain and floodway impacts in its planning and design for City roads. Developers must satisfy the City’s drainage criteria and other aspects of road designs in order for the City to accept ownership. Specific to reducing flood risks, the low chord of any new bridges must be at least one-foot above the Base Flood Elevation. 
TXDOT inspects state bridges for structural integrity and to determine if erosion is a risk. Where erosion has been identified, stabilization measures have been put into place. City roads and drainage structures have sustained only limited erosion damage due to flooding, even during Tropical Storm Allison. Staff interviews resulted in the following characterizations of past road flooding:
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