State and Local Government Circle the two

1. 
   Circle the TWO correct ways a legislator can ensure his or her bill has a better chance of passing both houses.
   
   1. 
      Write the bill to resemble a bill that has passed in another state
      
   2. 
      Bribe members of the senate to pass the bill
      
   3. 
      Find a member of the other house (senate or house) to support the bill and write a version of it for their house
      
   4. 
      Select members of the Appropriations committee to review the bill
      
2. 
   How is a civil trial different from a criminal trial? A CIVIL TRIAL IS ONE BETWEEN TWO PRIVATE CITIZENS, WHILE A CRIMINAL TRIAL IS ONE IN WHICH A LAW IS BROKEN. A CRIMINAL CASE HAS MORE BUURDEN OF PROOF THAN A CIVIL CASE. A CRIMINAL CASE IS TRIED BY A PROSECUTOR (THE STATE). IN CIVIL CASES, THERE IS A PLAINTIFF AND A DEFENDANT.
   
3. 
   When is a juvenile NOT tried in Juvenile Court? COMMITS MURDER OR ONE OF THE SEVEN DEADLY SINS.
   
4. 
   The Legislative branch __MAKES_ laws, the executive branch _ENFORCES/EXECUTES__ the law, and the judicial branch reviews/___INTERPRETS___ laws.
   
5. 
   If there is an unexpected opening for a state official, the _GOVERNOR_, head of the state executive branch, can appoint a new state official until the end of the term or until he sets up a special election.
   
6. 
   What is the only difference in qualifications for the House and Senate? _AGE – SENTAORS ARE 25 OR OLDER & THE HOUSE MEMBERS ARE 21 OR OLDER_______
   
7. 
   _LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR____: Leader of the Senate.
   
8. 
   _SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE__: Leader of the House of Rep’s.
   
9. 
   __FLOOR LEADERS_____: Legislators who look out for the interest of the Governor
   

• 
  A bill is given a _NUMBER___ , read to the chamber once, and then put in a _STANDING_ committee.
  
• 
  The bill is researched in ___COMMITTEE____.
  
• 
  The bill is brought to the __FLOOR__ and ___VOTED___ on. (OR DIES IN COMMITTEE)
  
• 
  If the bill _PASSES__, it moves to the other _CHAMBER__ (or house).
  
• 
  In the other chamber, the bill is given a NUMBER AND PUT IN COMMITTEE.
  
• 
  If the bill is _PASSED__ in committee, it is __VOTED____________ on the floor.
  
• 
  If the vote is yes (with no changes) it goes to the __GOVERNOR______to sign.
  

11. How many consecutive terms can the lieutenant governor serve? _____UNLIMITED_______

12. Where does Georgia’s greatest source of revenue come from? _TAXES – SALES, INCOME, COMPANIES___________

13. Same question as above but URBAN AREAS OR RURAL AREAS? Circle one.

14. List the requirements of a person seeking to be Governor:

• 
  30 YEARS OLD
  
• 
  RESIDENT OF GA FOR 6 YEARS
  
• 
  U.S. CITIZEN FOR 15 YEARS
  

Briefly describe the following Amendments (you may have to look some up!):

13^th: ABOLISH SLAVERY

14^th: CITIZENSHIP

15^th: VOTING RIGHTS

18^th: PROHIBITION

19^th: WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE

21^st: REPEAL PROHIBITION

1. Who were the Bourbon Triumvirate and what did they represent?

2. 
   __HENRY GRADY________: the instrumental media man who brought northern investment to Georgia by bringing the __ATLANTA COTTON EXPO_ to Atlanta and promoting Georgia’s growing focus on INDUSTRY__.
   
3. 
   Early in his career _TOM WATSON_, a POPULIST, supported poor farmers of both races and was for increased government spending. However, later in life he would become a white supremacist.
   
4. 
   What is one good thing Tom Watson does for Georgia? RURAL FREE DELIVERY ACT - MAIL
   
5. 
   _REBECCAS LATIMER FELTON__: first female _SENATOR_ in the United States; known for her support of the _TEMPERANCE_ Movement and the Women’s _SUFFRAGE__ Movement. (ALSO PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT)
   

2. 
   _JIM CROW_ laws that segregated (separate) facilities for whites and blacks.
   
3. 
   _PLESSY VS. FERGUSON_ This U.S. Supreme Court ruled that states had the right to create “separate but equal” public facilities for different races.
   
4. 
   What was important about Cumming vs. Richmond County? BLACKS ONLY GIVEN THE RIGHT TO AN 8^TH GRADE EDUCATION
   
5. 
   Written by _BOOKER T. WASHINGTON__, the main idea of the Atlanta Compromise Speech was THAT ECONOMIC EQUALITY/INDEPENDENCE MUST BE ATTAINED FOR BLACKS BEFORE POLITICAL OR SOCIAL CHANGE COULD BE.
   
6. 
   How did W.E.B. Dubois feel about the Booker T. Washington’s ideas expressed in the Atlanta Compromise Speech? HE BELIEVED SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CHANGE WAS JUST AS IMPORTANT, IF NOT MORE, AND NECESSARY AS ECONOMIC CHANGE.
   
7. 
   List three ways that Southern Democrats tried to legally keep African Americans away from the voting polls (AKA: _DISENFRANCHISEMENT__).
   

• 
  POLL TAXES, LITERACY TESTS
  

• 
  GERRYMANDERING, WHITE PRIMARIES
  
• 
  GRANDFATHER CLAUSE
  

1. 
   The 121 smallest counties had 2 unit votes each. = 244 TOTAL
   
2. 
   The 8 largest counties had 6 unit votes each. = 48 TOTAL
   
3. 
   By uniting, the state’s RURAL counties could decide state elections.
   
13. 
    After 1900, the person selected in the Democratic primary election (AKA: the _WHITE PRIMARY__) almost automatically became the winner of the general election because
    

1. 
   blacks could not vote in general elections.
   
2. 
   the Republican party had not been created.
   
3. 
   according to the county unit system, whites could only vote in primary elections deciding which candidates were eligible to run in general elections.
   
4. 
   the Republican party rarely nominated a candidate because the South was overwhelmingly Democratic so Republicans had no chance of winning.
   

13. 
    This secret organization used violence to keep African-Americans from voting and intimidate all races to keep segregation: __Ku klux klan_____
    
14. 
    __ATLANTA RIOT OF 1906__ Took place after misleading stories were published in the newspaper accusing _BLACK__ men of attacking _WHITE__ women. As a result, many black owned business, homes, and property were destroyed.
    

    How does the event above connect to Alonzo Herndon? Alonzo Herndon’s barbershop was one of the first businesses attacked.

    How does the event above contradict the Atlanta Compromise Speech? Washington believed social and political equality would come when blacks became economically independent. However, whites actually became more violent and fearful as blacks gained economic power rather than the opposite.

15. 
    _LEO FRANK CASE_ was one of the most controversial cases in Georgia’s history. It focused on a _JEWISH_ factory manager accused of murdering and assault. This case brought up a lot of racial tension, and it also brought back a revival of the _KKK_ in Georgia.
    
16. 
    As a reaction to racial discrimination and violence in the early 1900s, African Americans
    

1. 
   fought back by using the federal court system.
   
2. 
   elected black leaders to the legislature to help them.
   
3. 
   began leaving in for the North in the Great Migration.
   

__d__19. president of Morehouse College and Atlanta University

__b__20. started the Neighborhood Unions and the YMCA

__a__21. owner of the Atlanta Life Insurance Company

__c__22. Professor at Atlanta-Clark University and helped to establish the NAACP

World War I

1. At the beginning of the war, President _WOODROW WILSON__ wanted the United States to remain __NEUTRAL__ . In other words, he was an __ISOLATIONIST____.

2. 
   What two blows did the United States received that changed the neutrality policy and push us into World War I.
   

2. 
   What four countries formed the Allied Powers (Triple _ENTENTE__)?
   
   1. 
      GREAT BRITAIN c. FRANCE
      
   2. 
      RUSSIA d. UNITED STATES
      
3. 
   What three countries formed the Central Powers (Triple _ALLIANCE_)?
   
   1. 
      GERMANY b. ITALY c. OTTOMAN EMPIRE
      

6. 
   When the United States went to fight in WWI, Georgians jumped at the chance to contribute. Some of Georgia’s contributions to the war effort were:
   

• 
  VICTORY GARDENS
  
• 
  TEXTILE FACTORIES
  
• 
  SOLDIERS
  
• 
  MILTIARY BASES – had the most in the nation at the time
  
• 
  WOMEN HELPED WITH RED CROSS & WORKED IN FACTORIES
  
• 
  RAILROADS
  

1. 
   CAMP/FORT BENNING 2. CAMP GORDON 3. FORT McPHERSON
   

__GEORGIA HAD THE MOST IN THE U.S.___

9. World War I ended by signing an _ARMISTICE__ or cease fire on the _11___ day, of the __11___ month, at the __11___ hour. (LOOK IT UP!)

10. The Treaty of _VERSAILLES_ was created by the __ALLIED (LEAGUE OF)___ nations to punish Germany for the war.

1. What two “plagues” affect Georgia during the 1920’s and led it to depression before the rest of the country?

_DROUGHT___ __BOLL WEEVIL__

2. Who was president when America entered the Great Depression? _HERBERT HOOVER___

3. Who was the president that pulled America out the Great Depression?

FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT

4. What was the climactic event that sent the United States into the Great Depression? __STOCK MARKET CRASH of 1929____

5. Why was Georgia not as affected by the Great Depression as were other states? They were already in a depression and had been for almost a decade prior to the STOCK MARKET CRASH.

5. What year did the Great Depression start? __1929_________

6. How do tariffs lead to the Great Depression? TARIFFS ARE A TRADE BARRIER. WE PUT THEM ON IMPORTED GOODS TO PROTECT AMERICAN GOODS DOMESTICALLY. THEN, IN RETALIATION, EUROPE PUT THEM ON OUR GOODS SO WE COULD NOT SELL THEM AS MUCH TO EUROPE JUST WHEN WE NEEDED TO.

List/describe as many causes of the Great Depression as you can.

1)Over-speculation in the Stock Market. STOCK MARKET CRASH of 1929 (the tipping point)People bought high risk stocks but only had to pay a portion of the full price. The investor also had the right to sell the stock prior to paying its full price. if the stock price went up, the investor could sell it and finish paying for the stock. This pushed the price (falsely) up.

2)Banks Crashed - Banks also purchased large amounts of stock at this time. When the stock market crashes banks lost lots of money. When depositors learned this, they ran on the banks. And the banks crashed.

3)OVERPRODUCTION of manufactured goods. After WWI, demand for manufactured goods went down. Companies had produced more goods than they could sell and had large surplus. They began to lay off workers (just as the GREAT MIGRATION was sending workers into cities and off the farms). Unemployment rose to 25%.

4)OVERPRODUCTION of crops/produce. Farmers also over-produced crops following WWI. This pushed selling prices down on cash crops such as cotton. European farmers were also producing again, competing with American markets. Farmers could not repay their debts. Over-production of land during WWI will also lead to disasters such as the Dust Bowl.

5) Use of credit. Credit was a relatively new thing, particularly for stores like RICH’S (the first department store to offer buying on credit). American people borrow more on credit than they can afford.

6)High Tariffs. Many nations including the United States enacted high tariffs as a means to protect domestic markets. This essentially inhibited trade though, doing the opposite. European countries were unable to sell goods to the U.S. so they were unable to pay off their debts as easily nor buy American goods.

-One example of this was the SMOOT-HAWLEY TARIFF.

7) Laissez-faire attitude. President Hoover like many of his contemporaries (persons belonging to same time period) believed the government should interfere as little as possible with the economy. This causes the depression to get even worse.

8) Questionable Farming Techniques. Many farmers grew only cash crops on their land thus destroying the top soil, leaving the land infertile. This will lead to the boll weevil, drought, and the Dust Bowl.

9) Reduction in Production – companies had to stop producing (to counter the low prices of goods) leading to greater unemployment.

6. What did Roosevelt call his plan to pull America out of the Great Depression? ___NEW DEAL_____

The New Deal

1. 
   _CCC – Civilian Conservation Corps__ – This agency, created by Roosevelt, put young men to do work creating public work projects like seawalls, parks, and airports.
   
2. 
   _AAA – Agricultural Adjustment Act__ – This was a measure where the government paid farmers to keep them from producing goods (to limit overproduction).
   
3. 
   __REA – Rural Electrification Act_ – This agency was created by FDR to bring electricity to areas outside the cities of the United States (especially the South).
   
4. 
   _SSA – Social Security Administration_ – This agency was created to give retirement benefits to the elderly and still exists today.
   
5. 
   __FDIC – Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation_ - This program insured the money in the banks.
   
6. 
   _EUGENE TALMADGE_ tried to stop Georgia from receiving the benefits of the New Deal Plan.
   
7. 
   Why did African Americans NOT receive the benefit from Roosevelt’s New Deal plan? _ Most subsidies went to landowners and most African Americans were NOT landowners but rather sharecroppers or tenant farmers.__
   
8. 
   How did Eugene Talmadge win his elections? _COUNTY UNIT SYSTEM_
   
9. 
   How is Franklin D. Roosevelt connected to Georgia?
   

__WARM SPRINGS, GA; GOT US LOTS OF MILITARY CONTRACTS (B-29 BOMBERS/LIBERTY SHIPS), REA____

World War II

1. Georgia was responsible for building two main type of military vessels during WWII and this helped our economy. Name them!

• 
  B-29 Bombers
  
• 
  Liberty Ships
  

2. Why are Richard Russell and Carl Vinson so important to Georgia?

• 
  MILITARY – worked to strengthen GA’s military
  
• 
  ECONOMY – strengthened our economy through MILITARY
  
• 
  LONGEVITY – served as representatives of GA for A LONG TIME!
  

3. Who is President at the beginning of WWII? _FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT__

4. Describe the lend-lease act. Roosevelt , as an act of intervention, allowed materialsand services to be supplied by the U.S. to its allies during WorldWar II under an act of Congress

5. What pulls us into WWII? _PEARL HARBOR__

What is important to note about the relationship between Eugene Talmadge and Franklin Roosevelt? Eugene Talmadge did everything he could to NOT participate in the New Deal programs. He believed in STATES’ RIGHTS and did not want the federal govt meddling in GA affairs.

TERMS TO KNOW: 13th Amendment 14th Amendment 15th Amendment Disenfranchised KKK Suffrage Bourbon Triumvirate New South Henry Grady Tom Watson International Cotton Expo Atlanta Compromise Speech Booker T. Washington Populist Party Farmer’s Alliance Rebecca Latimer Felton John Hope Lugenia Burns Hope Rural Free Delivery Bill Temperance 1906 Atlanta Riot W.E.B. Dubois 18th Amendment 19th Amendment Suffrage Disenfranchisement Cumming vs. Richmond County BOE White Primary Gerrymandering Grandfather Clause Poll Tax Literacy Tests Lynching NAACP Alonzo Herndon Jim Crow Laws Segregation 18th Amendment 19th Amendment Neutral/Isolationist Allied Powers/ Central Powers Woodrow Wilson Boll Weevil Drought Herbert Hoover Causes of the Great Depression Stock Market Crash of 1929 Eugene Talmadge Franklin Roosevelt New Deal Programs: REA, SSA, CCC, AAA, FDIC, TVA, WPA Liberty Ships B-29 Bombers Pearl Harbor Lend-Lease Carl Vinson Richard Russell

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