JUST WAR DOCTRINE Robert P. Churchill. Nuclear Arms as a Philosophical and Moral Issue Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 469, Nuclear Armament and Disarmament (Sep, 1983), pp. 46-57. P. It is in connection with the principles of jus in bello that charges of the immorality of nuclear deterrence arise. Threatening civilian populations completely disregards the distinction between combatants and noncombatants. Deterrence requires that millions be threatened as a means to influence the decisions of a few leaders. Thus deterrence requires that we treat human life as a mere object of a policy and a means rather than an end. The theologian Paul Ramsey draws the analogy of deterring reckless automobile drivers by tying babies to the front bumpers of their cars. He points out that this would be noway to regulate traffic even if it succeeds in regulating it perfectly, for such a system makes innocent human lives the direct object of attack and uses them as a mere means for restraining the drivers of automobiles
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