1875 Rudimentary sewage system created in London, Japanese legal code drawn up for 13 years, Earthquake and Volcano in Colombia, France becomes Republic, Kwang-Hsu becomes emperor of China, US government issues report stating Sioux and Cheyenne are hostile, Treaty of St. Petersburg between Japan and Russia, Tong Wars in San Francisco (Chinese Mafia) * Grant becomes first U.S. President to visit Utah, Garfield continues friendship with Cannon, visits Utah again, Apr - NYC gets 3 inches of snow on the 25th, Hawaii and U.S. sign peace treaty, death of French painter Jean Baptiste Camille Corot, death of German poet Eduard Morike, death of Danish writer Hans Christian Andersen, death of French painter Jean François Millet, death of German philosopher and sociologist Friedrich Albert Lange, death of French composer Georges Bizet, Civil Rights Act passed, First running of Kentucky Derby (African-American jockey wins), Decline of the Turkish Ottoman empire, Death of Isaac Merritt Singer the sewing machine guru, Risings in Bosnia and Herzegovinia against Turkish rule – Sultan promises reforms to meet rebel demands, Prince of Wales visits India, Public Health Act is passed in Britain, Rebellion in Cuba, Britain buys Suez canal shares from Khedive of Egypt, death of English author Charles Kingsley, death of German poet Eduard Morike, Gabrielle Rejane makes debut at the Theatre Vaudeville in Paris, Mark Twain writes “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”, Theosophical Society founded by Helena Blavatsky in New York, Mary Baker Eddy writes “Science and Health”, Emile Laceleye writes about Protestantism and Catholicism, Religious orders abiloshed in Prussia, The “Hermes” of Praxiteles found at Olympia Greece, Menzel paints “The Steel Mill”, JF Millet the French painter dies, Monet paints “Boating at Argenteuil”, Bizet composes “Carmen” – death of Bizet in Paris, Ignaz Bruil composes in Berlin, first Gilbert and Sullivan operetta “Trial by Jury”, Karl Goldmark composes in Vienna, Tchaikovsky composes in Boston, PE Lecoq discovers element gallium, London Medical School for Women opened, Heinrich Schliemann writes “Troy and Its Remains” Japanese courts of law reformed, London’s main sewage system completed, first roller-skating rink opens in London, Firsst swim across English Channel by Captain Matthew Webb, Armies – Russia 3.36 million Germany 2.8 million, France 412 k Britain 113 k, Grant becomes first U.S. President to visit Utah, Garfield continues friendship with Cannon, visits Utah again, Irish nationalist Parnel filibusters to prevent discussion of anything but Irish question, Bell invents the telephone Jun 2ish, Suez Canal shares purchased by Britain, Fewer than 1000 Buffalo remain, Resumption Act passed, First Kentucky Derby run May 19, BYA founded in Provo, Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone, New Paris Opera House opens, Mary Baker Eddy and Tolstoy write, Britain buys Suez Canal shares from Egypt, Japan exchanges Sakhalin with Russia for Kuril Islands, USA begins to restrict immigration by excluding "undesirables" (Chinese), Eastern crisis begins when Bosnia and Herzegovina rebel against Turks, Britain purchases control of Suez Canal, War breaks out in Baalkans and Herzegovinia - then Bulgaria Montenegro and Serbia all rebel against Turkish Sultan, Third French Republic organized; German socialists organize,
1876 Drought at horn of AFR for 2 years, Telephone invented by Alexander Graham bell, Queen Victoria declared Empress of India, Japanese pressure forces Korea to open ports to trade, Famine in the Deccan S India results in 2 years and 5 million dead, Turks put down Bulgarian uprising – very violent, Bell invents telephone, reign of President Diaz of Mexico 35 years, Cyclone in Bangladesh Bengal kills 200 K, Drought famine and Cholera in India, Baseball's National League organized, Kit Cody – son of Buffalo Bill dies of scarlet fever – Cody leaves wife (again) after to join 5th cavalry where he learns of Custer’s death – in battle he kills an Indian and scalps him – reenacts this for years, death of French author George Sand, death of Russian anarchist Mikhail Bakunin, N Chinese famine starts killing 10 million and Indian famine kills 10 million by 1879, Gang tries to steal Abraham Lincoln’s body for ransom – foiled, Edward Alexander Boucher becomes first black Doctorate (Yale), Bell invents telephone, NA Otto invents four-stroke combustion engine, Sioux under Sitting Bull rebel, Custer's last stand, Korean independence, Ethiopians defeat Egyptian forces at Gura, Massacre of Bulgarians by Turkish troops, Sultan Abdul Aziz deposed – successor Murad V deposed and succeeded by Abdul Hamid II, Serbia declares war on Turkey, Montenegro declares war on Turkey, CO becomes state, Disraeli made Earl of Beaconsfield, US Presidential election – Tilden receives more electoral votes than Hayes, but 20 disputed votes result in special electoral commission, New Ottoman constitution proclaimed, Hilarion Daza named President of Bolivia, Felix Dahn writes German historical novel, Henry James writes, Mallarme writes, CF Meyer writes Swiss historical novel, death of French writer George Sand, FH Bradley writes “Ethical Studies”, Lombrosso writes, Renoir paints “Le Moulin de la Galette”, Bayreuth Festpielhaus opens with performance of Wagner’s works, Brahms composes, Leo Delibes writes “Sylvia” ballet, Ponchielli composes in Milan, Wagner composes “Siegfried”, Robert Koch discovers anthrax bacilius, Heinrich Schliemann excavates Mycenae, death of Russian socialist writer Mikhail Bakunin, Deutsche Reichsbank opens, First Chinese railroad completed, First tennis tournament in US, US National Baseball League founded, Nickel ore found in New Caledonia, Reformatory for juvenile offenders ofunded at Elmira NY, World Exhibition at Philadelphia, June 25 - Little Big Horn - Custer's last stand, Victoria becomes Empress of India, Rutherford B Hayes elected #19, Korea becomes independent nation, Serbia declares war on Turkey, Sioux defeat Custer at Little Bighorn, Co #38, Philadelphia holds Centennial Exposition, Presidential election disputed, Bell demonstrates the telephone, "Granger Cases" go to court, Mormons begin to colonize AZ, Mar 7 Patent for telephone issued to AG Bell, Twain writes Tom Sawyer, Five million die from famine in central and southern India, Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone, Nikolaus Otto invents internal combustion engine in Germany, Samurai forbidden to wear swords in Japan, Turks suspend constitution; CO enters union; Custer's Last Stand at Battle of Little Bighorn (Jun 25); Greenback Party strengthens in US, Philadelphia Centennial Expo marks beginning of eclecticism and skyscrapers; Victoria names empress of India
1877 Sound recording invented, end of reform for US South, Satsuma rebellion in Japan results in death of Samurai, Edison invents record player, Tsunami in Chile, Volcano in Ecuador, Drought, famine and Cholera in India, Drought and famine in China, Federal troops withdraw from Louisiana, era of lynchings throughout the South begins, Mexican President Porfirio Diaz gains power, UT – John D Lee executed in Panguitch UT, death of French historian and statesman Adolphe Thiers, death of American historian John Lothrop Motley, death of French painter Gustave Courbet, death of American painter Homer D. Martin, Hayes ends reconstruction, Sioux chief Crazy Horse killed after resisting arrest at Ft. Robinson NE, Edison invents phonograph, British annex S Africa, Porfirio Dìaz gains power in Mexican coup, End of US reconstruction, Edison invents lightbulb, Queen Victoria proclaimed Empress of India, US electoral commission decides that Hayes 19th president, Russia declares war on Turkey and invades Rumania – Russians cross Danube and storm Kars – Russians take Plevna Bulgaria – Bismarck declines to intervene – Serbia declares war on Turkey, First Kaffir War, Satsuma revolt in Japan suppressed, Writers – Gobineau, Ibsen, Henry James, Zola, Patent Protection law enacted in Germany, Louis Lucien Rochet the Swiss theologian founds “Blue Cross” to fight alcoholism, JCF Zollner writes about spiritualism, death of French painter Gustave Courbet, Winslow Homer paints “The Cotton Pickers”, Manet paints “Nana” Building of the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, Rodin paints “The Age of Bronze”, Third impressionist exhibition in paris, Brohms composes, Publication of Mozart’s complete works, Camille Saint-Saens composes, Tchaikovsky compose, Cailletet and Pictet independently liquefy oxygen, Robert Koch develops bacterial staining techniques, Lord Rayleigh writes treatise on Sound, Italian astronomer Giovanni V Schiaparelli observes Mars canals, All-England Lawn tennis championship first played at Wimbleton, Famine in Bengal, First public telephones in US, Frozen meat shipped from Argentina to Europe for first time, Edison invents phonograph, American Red Cross under direction of Clara Barton, Hayes becomes president Mar 5 by House Compromise of 1877 ends Southern military , Trans- Continental railroad completed, End of reconstruction in South, Phonograph invented, Chief Joseph surrenders (Sioux defeated), Granger cases decided, Pres Brigham Young dies 28/29 Aug, John Taylor new LDS pres, Reconstruction officially ends Apr 24 when Northern rule ends, Apr 6 St. George Temple dedicated (1st), Wagner, Brahms compose, Edison invents the phonograph, Monet paints, Queen Victoria proclaimed Empress of India in Delhi, 600,000 black students attend schools in the south, Thomas Edison invents the phonograph, great strike begins at Martinsburg, WV, Last in a series of Russo-Turkish wars begins - creation of the vassal state of Bulgaria, frozen meat shipped for the first time from Argentina to France, westward migration of agriculturists in US, Japanese Satsuma rebellion - uprising by Samurai under Saigo Takamori put down by government forces, Russo- Turkish War ends, Russia gains much from the Treaty of San Stefano, Porfiro Diaz begins dictatorship of Mexico, British annexes the Transvaal (Africa), war between Russia and Turkey; troops removed from US South; Railroad strikes in US; corrupt and hotly contested election in US leads to Hayes presidency; telephone demonstrated
1878 Drought at horn of AFR ends, end of famine in S India Deccan area and 5 million dead, Second Afghan War begins with British invasion of Afghanistan to counter Russian influence, Congress of Berlin ends Russo-Turkish War and allows for freedom of some Balkan countries, New Caledonian people rebel against French in Oceana, Earthquake in El Salvador, Drought and famine in China * Saints meet with Hayes – Hayes still wants anti-polygamy legislation, H.M.S. Pinafore debuts, Samoan islands grant use of harbor in Pago Pago to U.S., death of French painter Charles Daubigny, Migration of blacks to Kansas, Thomas Swan of England invents lightbulb, death of Pope Pius IX – Cardinal Count Pecci succeeds as Leo XIII, Christian Revival Association in London renamed Salvation Army, death of Victor Emmanuel II King of Italy – son Humbert I rules, Turks capitulate at Shipka Pass and plead to Russia for peace – Russians take Adrianople – British fleet arrives at sultan’s request in Constantinople – “Jingoist” war fever in Britain – Turkish-Russian armistice signed, Greece declares war on Turkey – preliminary treaty of San Stefano between Russia and Turkey – Anglo-Turkish agreement to check Russian advance in Asia minor – Berlin congress discussion of Eastern problems ends with Treaty of Berlin, Attempt to assassinate Emperor William I of Germany, Anti-Socialist Law enacted in Germany, Beginning of Irredentist agitation in Italy to abtsin Trieste and South Tirol from Australia, Theodor Fontane writes, death of German dramatist Karl Gutzkow, Thomas Hardy writes, Rene Sully-Prudhomme writes, Swinburne writes, Ellen Terry joins Irving’s Company at the Lyceum Theater in London, WEH Lecky writes history of 18th century England, Charles Pierce writes about pragmatism, George Romanes writes about Theism, German historian Heinrich Tritschke begins racial anti-Semitic movement and Berlin court preacher Adolf Stoecker founds Christlich-Siziale Arbeiterpartei, Garnier designs the Casino at Monte Carlo, William Morris paints “The Decorative Arts”, Cleopatra’s Needle (once in Heliopolis) removed from Alexandria to London, Libel action Whistler v. Ruskin over Ruskin’s essay, AW Ambrose composes, Gilbert and Sullivan create “H.M.S. Pinafore”, George Grove begins dictionary of music and musicians, David Hughes invents the microphone, first use of iodoform as antiseptic, Mannlicher produces repeater rifle, A.A. Pope manufactures first bicycles in America, Karl Benz the German engineer builds motorized tricycle at 7 mph, Bicycle Touring Club founded in England, CID New Scotland Yard established in London, Deutscher Fussballverein in hanover founded, Electric street lightning is introduced in London, First European crematorium established at Gotha Germany, Fur farming begun in Canada, Paris World Expo, Salvation Army becomes known under its new name, Saints meet with Hayes – Hayes still wants anti-polygamy legislation, Chinese famine worst in history, Edison invents lightbulb, Congress passes Bland-Allison Act, Pope Pius IX dies 7 Feb (see 1846), 20 Feb Pope Leo XIII appointed (Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci Carpineto), first phone installed in White House Dec 1, Primary founded Aug 25, Brahms composes, Second Afghan War - Britain fails to subdue Afghanistan, Congress of Berlin confirms independence of Serbia, Bulgaria and Romania from Turkey, First electric street lighting in London, dissolution of German Social Democratic Party, Congress of Berlin compels Russia to reduce its recent gains in the Balkans, Britain under Disraeli wins diplomatic victory over Russia, Conservative Macdonald of Canada defeated, Russia and Balkans win against Turkey Treaty of San Stefano forces Turkey to recognize sovereignty of Balkans, giving Russians some control.; Bismarck tries to eliminate German Socialism
1879 Early lightbulbs invented by Edison in US and Swan in GBR, Zulu war with British ends with British defeated in one area but victorious in Cetewayo – Zulus massacre British in Isandhlwana, End of second Afghan war, War of the Pacific begins between Chile, Peru and Bolivia, Britain establishes naval station at Samoa, major storm off coast of Scotland produces waterspout that destroys bridge and train * Women Saints petition Hayes not to de-legitimatize children of polygamy, and to not tear families apart, Hayes meets with Saints and proposes amnesty for former polygamists, but Taylor rejects it in fear that it will lead to further persecution and an end to polygamy, Hayes asks European nations to prevent Saints from emigrating to America, Hayes asks Congress to not allow power to polygamists, May - Irving KS gets two tornadoes in two days, Aug - Massive waterspout off of Barnstable MA, MA law prohibits women and children from working more than a 60 hour week, death of English inventor of penny postage Rowland Hill, death of German architect Gottfried Semper, death of French painter Honore Daumier, death of Belgian poet Charles de Coster, death of Scottish chemist that theorized that light and electromagnetism have identical source James Clerk Maxwell, N Chinese and Indian famines kill total of 23 million from 1876, Lewis Latimer invents the electric filament bulb (African American), British fight Zulu war, Otto Von Bismarck negotiates German-Austrian alliance, death of French Prince Imperial and son of Napoleon III, Ismail of Egypt deposed and succeeded by Tewfik, French prince imperial – son of Napoleon III killed in action, Alexander of Battenberg elected Prince Alexander I of Bulgaria, Treaty of Gandamak – Britian occupies Khyber Pass but British legation in Kabul massacred, Alsace-Lorraine declared part of Germany, French Panama Canal CO. under Ferdinand de lesseps organized, Ibsen writes “A Doll’s House”, Henry James writes, Meredith writes, RL Stevenson writes, Strindberg writes, Juan Valera writes, FT Vischer writes, Annti-Jesuit Laws introduced in France, St. Thomas Aquinas proclaimed a Doctor of the Roman Catholic Church, AJ Balfour writes, Mary Baker Eddy becomes pastor of Chruch of Christ – Scientist in Boston, Henry George writes, Robert Giffen writes about finance, Herbert Spencer writes, Treitschke writes history, Bastien-Lepage paints portrait of Sarah Bernhardt, death of French painter Honore Daumier, Renoir paints “Mme Charpentier and Her Children”, Rodin sculpts “John the Baptist”, Millocker composes, Suppe composes, Tchaikovsky composes, First electric tram exhibited by EW Siemens at Berlin Trade Exposition, Fahlberg and Remser discover saccharin, The element scandium discovered by LF Nilson, Collapse of Tay Bridge in Scotland, London’s first telephone exchange established, Australian frozen meat on sale in London, British churchman WL Blackley proposes scheme for old-age pensions, Public granted unrestricted admission to British museum, first large-scale skiing contest at Huseby Hill in Norway, Women Saints petition Hayes not to de-legitimatize children of polygamy, and to not tear families apart, Hayes meets with Saints and proposes amnesty for former polygamists, but Taylor rejects it in fear that it will lead to further persecution and an end to polygamy, Hayes asks European nations to prevent Saints from emigrating to America, Hayes asks Congress to not allow power to polygamists, Einstein born, Knights of Labor (Irish Union) founded, Edison perfects electric light Oct 21, first telephone call is made, Reynolds case comes before Supreme Court, sustaining anti-polygamy laws, Tchaikovsky composes, Edison invents an improved electric light, Ibsen and Dostoyevsky write, Ear of the pacific between Chile and Bolivia and Peru, French company under Ferdinand de Lesseps is set up to build the Panama Canal, War of the Pacific - Chile gains territories from Bolivia and Peru, Ryukyu Islands become part of imperial Japan, Dual Alliance Germany and Austria-Hungary, War of the Pacific in South America, Austria-Hungary forms alliance with Germany; Germany passes high tariff law; beginning of era of monopolies with Standard Oil Trust; upturn in US economy for four years; Britain and France assume joint control over Egypt; Stanley (of Livingstone fame) sent back to Congo; Bismarck makes treaty with Austria
1880 Drought at horn of AFR, Beginning of European “Scramble for Africa,” First Boer War begins, End of Disraeli’s reign in Britain, Australian ranger Ned Kelly is hanged and becomes folk hero, France annexes Tahiti as a colony, Marshfield MO tornadoes, Emperor Norton I of U.S. dies, total solar eclipse over S France, ragtime “Hot Blues” emerges as a pre-jazz * Hayes appoints anti-Mormon as governor of Utah, Hayes visits Utah, Hayes asks for more anti-Mormon legislation, Apr- Marshal, MO tornado sucks well dry, May - Brackettville, TX flash flood, Pirates of Penzance debuts, U.S. navy reduced to 100 vessels, most of which were rotting and falling apart, death of French composer Jacques Offenbach, death of English novelist George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans), death of French novelist Gustave Flaubert, death of German painter Anselm Feuerbach, death of Polish violinist and composer Henri Wieniawski, Croatian earthquake, Britain, France and Belgium battle for African colonies, end of Disraeli as prime minister as he (Lord Beaconsfield) resigns, Cape Parliament rejects echeme for S African federation, France annexes Tahiti, Transvaal declares self independent of Britain – Boers under Kruger declare a republic, Pacific War – Chile against Bolivia and Pery, James A Garfield elected, Disraeli writes, Dostoevsky writes “The Brothers Karamazov”, death of George Elion (Mary Ann Evans) the English novelist, JC Harris writes Uncle Remus, Jens Jacobson writes, Longfellow writes, Pierre Loti writes, Maupassant writes, Lew Wallace writes Ben Hur, Zola writes, Walter Bagehot’s works published posthumousely, John Claird writes about the whilosophy of religion, Cezanne paints “Chateau de Medan”, Cologne Cathedral completed (started 1248), Pissarro paints, Renoir paints, Rodin sculpts “The Thinker”, Gilbert and Sullivan create “The Pirates of Penzance”, London Guildhall School of Music founded, death of French composere jcques Offenbach, Philipp Spitta writes bio of Johann Sebastian Bach, Edison and JW Swann independently divise first practical electric lights, Laveran discovers malaria parasite, Owens College in Manchester becomes a university, Pasteur discovers chicken cholera vaccine, James Winshurst created electrostatic generator, Bingo game feveloped form Italian lotto game of Tombola, Captain CC Boycott the land agent in Mayo Ireland is “boycotted” for refusing to accept rents fixed by his tenants, Carnegie develops first large steel furnace, New York Streets first lit by electric lights, First Test Match between England and Australia, canned fruits and meets first appear in stores, Parcel post introduced in England, Railroads – US 87.8 k Britain 17.9 k France 16.4 k Russia 12.2 k, Skis used in mountaineering in Norway, World Expo takes place in Melbourne, Hayes appoints anti-Mormon as governor of Utah, Hayes visits Utah, Hayes asks for more anti-Mormon legislation, First Boer War, Disraeli ends second reign as Prime Minister, Gladstone again, James A Garfield elected #20, Immigration from SE Europe commences, First electric light demo in UT, Broadway first lit by electric lights Dec 20, First Presidency organized Oct 10 President John Taylor, Irish insurrection, Pavlov's experiments, US reaches 38 states, US Steel production exceeds 1.4 million tons, Bismarck introduces state social welfare system in Germany, USA has 50,000 telephones (patented 4 years earlier), Agricultural crisis in Italy - many Italians migrate to USA and Argentina, Revival of Scholasticism - the idea that faith precedes reason, end of "Victorian Age" as Gladstone returns as Prime Minister of Britain and Disraeli ends rule; US union memberships boom; Greenback Party shows in election in US; second wave of US prohibition; Italy acquires Eritrea AFR; Burma annexed to India
1881 Cyclone hits Haiphong, First Boer war ends with Transvaal defeating Britain, Assassination of Czar Alexander II of Russia, Assassination of Garfield in US, Cyclone in Martinique, Landslide in Switzerland, earthquake in Turkey * Hayes declares himself a success in regards to polygamy – Utah delegate refuses to attend, Garfield comments about “Mormon Church” in inaugural address and Cannon feels betrayed, but Garfield claims it is all show, Garfield in mourned in Utah – Pioneer Day cancelled, Rumors spread that Mormons were responsible for death of Garfield – Utah names county after him, Arthur proposes to continue anti-Mormon trend, Apr- 79 day blockade of snow in SD ends, Snow falls in Guadalajara MEX, Tony Pastor creates family-friendly Vaudeville as he bans blue material and liquor from shows, death of Scottish historian Thomas Carlyle, death of English statesman Benjamin Disraeli, death of French violinist and composer Henri Vieuxtemps, death of Feodor Dostoevsky, death of American Arctic explorer Isaac Israel Hayes, death of Russian composer Modest Petrovich Moussorgsky, death of American poet Sidney Lanier, death of American arctic explorer GW De Long, death of English poet AW O’Shaughnessy, tsunami hits India, UK storms in Eyemouth Scotland kills 189, Cyclone hits Vietnam killing 300,000, Thumb Fire in Michigan kills over 250, TN enacts Jim Crow laws, Booker T. Washington founds Tuskegee Institute, Clara Barton creates American Red Cross, First US powerplant, end of Alexander II of Russia, Building of St. Gotthard Tunnel completed, Transvaal Boers repulse British at Laing’s Nek and defeat them at Majuba Hill – Treaty of Pretoria Britain recognizes independent Transvaal Republic, James A Garfield inaugurated – shot and killed by Charles Giteau and Chester A Arthur presides, death of Lord Beaconsfeild (Disraeli), Bey of Tunis accepts French protectorate, Austro-Serbian treaty of alliance, CS Parnell imprisoned, Leon Gambetta named French Prime Minister, Political parties founded in Japan, death of Dostoevsky, First cabaret “Chat Noir” in Paris, Flaubert writes, Anatole France writes, Henry James writes, Maupassant writes, RL Stevenson writes, S’Oyly Carte builds Savoy Theater in London – lit by electricity, Esward Tylor writes “Anthropology”, Persecution of Jews in Russia begins, death of English historian Thomas Carlyle, Ranke writes, Vatican archives opened to scholars, Bocklin paints, Max Liebermann paints, Monet paints “Sunshine and Snow”, Brahms composes, death of Moussorgsky the musician, Offenbach’s work debuts posthumously, Canadian Pacific Railway founded, Natural History Museum in London opens, University College of Liverpool founded, Freedom of Press established in France, Flogging abolished in British military, Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions of US and Canada founded, Forst US Lawn Tennis championship, City populations – London 3.3 million Paris 2.2 million New York 1.2 million, Berlin 1.1 mil Vienna 1 mil Tokyo 800 k St Petersburg 600 k, Hayes declares himself a success in regards to polygamy – Utah delegate refuses to attend, Garfield comments about “Mormon Church” in inaugural address and Cannon feels betrayed, but Garfield claims it is all show, Garfield in mourned in Utah – Pioneer Day cancelled, Rumors spread that Mormons were responsible for death of Garfield – Utah names county after him, Arthur proposes to continue anti-Mormon trend, SE and East US dry, NY City water dries up, Garfield dies, Arthur in office #21, Carver founds Tuskegee Institute, A Century of Dishonor Published, Colorado Utes forced to move to Utah, American Red Cross organized under Clara Barton, Offenbach composes, Boston Symphony founded, Tsar Alexander II assassinated in St. Petersburg, Alexander III becomes czar, Panama Canal built, Renoir paints and Henry James. Africa's Bey of Tunis accepts French protectorate, emigration of Jews from Russia after first of series of pogroms, End of War of the Pacific in South America, England recognizes South Africa again, death of Alexander II of Russia and Alexander III rules; Garfield assassinated in US; Carnegie begins donation of public libraries; France occupies Tunis;Russian Social Democratic Republic forms
1882 Cyclone hits Bombay, death of Charles Darwin, Triple Alliance is formed between Germany, Austria and Italy, Mt. Ranier WA erupts * Saints meet with Arthur, Arthur signs Edmunds Bill, Aug - Northern Lights seen from Oregon to Maine
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