2014 ndi 6ws fitzmier, Lundberg, Abelkop deep ocean neg privatization cp
Download 0.84 Mb.
|
- Navigate this page:
- AT: NOAA
Solvency1NC SolvencyDeep-Sea equipment cannot reach intended depths—too costly, difficult Bowen et. al 09 (Andrew D. Bowen—Principal Engineer¶ Applied Ocean Physics & Engineering¶ Director of National Deep Submergence Facility; Dana R. Yoerger; Chris Taylor; Robert McCabe; Jonathan Howland; Daniel Gomez-Ibanez; James C. Kinsey; Matthew Heintz; Glenn McDonald; Donald B. Peters; Barbara Fletcher; Chris Young; James Buescher; Louis L. Whitcomb; Stephen C. Martin; Sarah E. Webster; Michael V. Jakuba; “The Nereus Hybrid Underwater Robotic Vehicle for Global Ocean Science Operations to 11,000m Depth”; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute; pg. 2; http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5422316; October 2009) JM Existing deep submergence vehicle systems have excellent capabilities and provide critical, routine access to the sea floor to a maximum depth range of 6,500 m — e.g. the 4,500 m Alvin human occupied submersible [7], [19], the 4,500 m ABE AUV [35], [36], and the 4,000 m Tiburon ROV [26]. Only a few presently operational U.S. vehicles are capable of diving to 6,500 m and conducting high resolution mapping and sampling — e.g. the 6,500 m Jason II ROV [33]. These capabilities have led to significant scientific discoveries over the past 30 years including identifying and sampling mid-ocean ridge volcanic processes, hydrothermal processes, and biological ecosystems which have revolutionized the biological sciences [1]. Progress in deep sea research at ocean floor sites between 6,500 m and 11,000 m has been hindered by a lack of suitable cost- effective vehicles that can operate at these depths. Given the need for full access to the global abyss, and national and international imperatives regarding ocean exploration, a variety of studies have identified the development of an 11,000 m deep submergence vehicle as a national priority [1]–[3], [28]¶ To date, only two vehicles have ever reached the deepest place on Earth — Challenger Deep of the Marianas Trench at 11◦22’N, 142◦25’E in the Western Pacific Ocean near the island of Guam [13]. On January 23, 1960 the human- piloted Bathyscaph Trieste, developed by Auguste Piccard, made one successful dive to the Challenger Deep [27]. In 1995 the remotely controlled ROV Kaiko, built and operated by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), made the first of several successful dives to the Challenger Deep [31]. Neither Trieste nor Kaiko is presently operational. Moreover, the design approaches employed in these two (very different) vehicles necessarily result in high¶ operational costs — too costly to be routinely supported by United States oceanographic science budgets.¶ The depth capability of conventional tethered ROVs such as Jason II cannot be directly extended to 11,000 m because conventional steel-reinforced cables are self-supporting in sea water only to cable lengths up to about 7,000m. Alternative tension member materials for 11,000 m operations, e.g. Kevlar, result in large-diameter cables that exhibit poor hydrodynamic characteristics and that require very large cable handling systems¶ Light fiber optic tethers offer an alternative to conventional large-diameter steel and Kevlar cables. To date, light fiber tethers have principally been employed in military appli- cations; relatively few light fiber tether systems have been employed for oceanographic research. In [5], [23]–[25] the authors report the development of the self-powered remotely operated vehicle UROV7K employing a fiber-optic tether. This vehicle is designed to operate exclusively as a tethered ROV, and does not have on-board computational resources necessary to operate autonomously. In [8], [10] International Submarine Engineering Limited reported the successful deployment of an autonomous underwater vehicle designed to deploy fiber optic communication cables on the arctic sea floor.¶ Our goal is to create a practical 11,000 m system using an appropriately designed self-powered vehicle that can (a) oper- ate as an untethered autonomous vehicle (AUV mode) and (b) operate under remote-control connected to the surface vessel by a lightweight fiber optic tether of up to approximately 40 km in length (ROV mode). AT: NOAAExpert consensus indicates a litany of structural deficiencies ensure NOAA programs fail – new investment doesn’t solve Orcutt et al. 3 Dr. John Orcutt - Professor of geophysics and Deputy Director at Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Interim Dean of Marine Sciences at the University of California, San Diego, Ph. D. in geophysics from the University of California, San Diego-Scripps Institution of Oceanography, President-Elect of the American Geophysical Union, Chief of Naval Operations Oceanography chair, former member of the Ocean Studies Board; Dr. Shirley Pomponi – Vice President and Director of Research at Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Ph. D. in biological oceanography from the University of Miami, former member of the President’s Panel on Ocean Exploration; John Moore – Walter L. Brown Professor of Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, Director of the University of Virginia’s Center for Oceans Law and Policy, former Chairman of the National Security Council Interagency Task Force on the Law of the Sea, former member of the National Advisory Committee on Oceans and Atmosphere, 14 other oceanographic pundits (“Exploration of the Seas: Voyage into the Unknow”, 2003, http://explore.noaa.gov/sites/OER/Documents/national-research-council-voyage.pdf)//EO DOMESTIC SUPPORT FOR OCEAN EXPLORATION There has been continued support for and success from oceanographic research in the United States, and a large-scale international exploration program could rapidly accelerate our acquisition of knowledge of the world's oceans. The current ocean-research-funding framework does not favor such exploratory proposals. Additional funding for exploration with-out a new framework for management and investment is unlikely to result in establishment of a successful exploration program. A new program, how-ever, could provide the resources and establish the selection processes needed to develop ocean exploration theme areas and pursue new research in biodiversity, processes, and resources within the world's oceans. The current effort of the Office of Ocean Exploration at NOM should not be expected to fill this role. After weighing the issues involved in oversight and funding, perhaps the most appropriate placement for an ocean exploration program is under the auspices of the interagency NOPP, provided that the problems with routing funds to NOPP-sponsored projects is solved. This solution has the best chance of leading to major involvement by NOM, NSF, and other appro-priate organizations such as the Office of Naval Research. The committee is not prepared to support an ocean exploration program within NOM unless major shortcomings of NOAA as a lead agency can be effectively and demonstrably overcome. A majority of the committee members felt that the structural problems limiting the effectiveness of NOAA's current ocean exploration program are insurmountable. A minority of the committee members felt that the problems could be corrected. If there is no change to the status quo for NOPP or NOM, the committee recommends that NSF be encouraged to take on an ocean exploration program. Although a program within NSF would face the same difficulties of the existing NOAA program in attracting other federal (and nonfederal) partners, NSF has proven success-ful at managing international research programs as well as a highly-regarded ocean exploration program that remained true to its founding vision. Directory: wp-content -> uploads -> 2014 2014 -> For want of a nail 2014 -> Stop Militarizing Law Enforcement Act of 2014 2014 -> Ihbb asian Championships 2014 middle school bowl Round 4 First Quarter 2014 -> Ihbb european Championships 2014 Bowl Round 4 First Quarter 2014 -> International History Bee and Bowl 2013-14 Asian Division Question Set Bowl Round Six 2014 -> United states patent and trademark office 2014 -> Coffs harbour eisteddfod vocal syllabus 2014 -> Listen News Programs Schedule pledge now 2014 -> Slow club announce third album complete surrender Download 0.84 Mb. Share with your friends:
|