21st Century Grammar Handbook

Into. Preposition governing the objective case: The arrow whizzed into the target.”Intransitive

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21st century grammar
21st century grammar, transformation, transformation, - - - .pdf;filename*= UTF-8''অনুবাদ চর্চা (প্রথম আলো পত্রিকা থেকে-২৯-০৩-২০২০)-1, 21st century grammar

Into. Preposition governing the objective case: The arrow whizzed into the target.”
Intransitive. Verbs that indicate action taken on an object are said to be transitive:
“My neighbor chopped wood Verbs that do not suggest action transmitted to an object are said to be intransitive My neighbor spoke In the latter example, the verb is intransitive because there is no object even though speak can function as a transitive verb with an object My neighbor spoke French While many verbs can be either transitive or intransitive in a sentence, some are always intransitive My neighbor relented.”
Inversion. To invert something means to turn it around or over. Grammatical inversion means turning around the order of words to create emphasis or a di erent meaning, such as a question, an order, or some other rhetorical e ect (e ect on the presentation and reception of words Is that so Prove it To demonstrate such a thing would be difficult.”
Each of the sentences in this example is inverted from the normal order of
subject, verb, and object to make a di erent meaning or to call attention to itself. The rst sentence is a question, the second is an imperative, and the third is a rhetorical inversion meant to vary the pace or rhythm of writing or to draw attention to the words moved to the front or the end of the sentence. In the last sentence the writer emphasizes demonstrate as the rst word and “di cult as the last, perhaps calling attention to a higher standard of proof, such as scienti c argument, and how hard it is. Or perhaps the intention was simply to avoid another bland it is …”
sentence—“It would be di cult to demonstrate such a thing”—in which the key concepts of proof and di culty are lost in the middle of the statement. See also
expletive.
With other purposes in mind, the last sentence in the example could be inverted in other ways Such a thing would be di cult to demonstrate Here, the emphasis is on the thing that needs proof, which is unstated in the example but, according to the writer of this sentence, something to be reckoned with. Another variant “Wouldn’t it be di cult to demonstrate such a thing could reasonably end with either a question mark or an exclamation point, depending on what the writer was trying to do—raise doubts about how hard the task would be (which could be done ironically to suggest that the person being addressed might nd it di cult, or straightforwardly, to

wonder about the degree of di culty) or express warning or sympathy about the task proposed. See irony.
Inversion is a very powerful way to enliven and enrich your writing. Take care that sentence elements in a di erent order than expected work according to all the necessary rules and are still clear enough to be followed.
Irony. When a writer or speaker says one thing but suggests somehow that a di erent or opposite meaning is intended, the statement is said to be ironic Life is short, but who would want it any other way Clearly some people want life to be longer, so that this rhetorical question could be said to be ironic. Irony is a useful device to draw attention to a point, but it often eludes some readers who treat statements literally.

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