21st Century Grammar Handbook



Download 1.09 Mb.
View original pdf
Page70/201
Date17.12.2020
Size1.09 Mb.
#55411
1   ...   66   67   68   69   70   71   72   73   ...   201
21st century grammar
21st century grammar, transformation, transformation, - - - .pdf;filename*= UTF-8''অনুবাদ চর্চা (প্রথম আলো পত্রিকা থেকে-২৯-০৩-২০২০)-1, 21st century grammar
Dependent clause. See clause.
Dialect. The dialects or variants of English that ethnic, religious, regional, cultural,
or economic groups speak are often highly prized by them as important signs of group identity or solidarity. Many people in such groups speak or write standard
English in some circumstances but prefer to observe the standards and usages of their dialects in other, usually less formal, communications. However, keeping the two sets of grammatical and usage rules separate is often di cult, just as it is often hard to judge what parts of any standard apply in any speci c instance. Perfectly sound constructions, spellings, pronunciations, and soon in one dialect or pattern of standards might indicate seriously defective education, intelligence, or taste in another.
Most standard English writing should, by de nition, avoid dialect. However, it must be recognized that standard English is simply the dialect of preference among those who are or believe themselves to be in a position to dictate what the standards are or should be. Thus the choice of what standard to apply—what dialect to choose
—at any moment is not as clear as one would hope. In general, it is safe to follow

the strictures of any widely recognized grammar handbook or dictionary to produce an acceptable standard English. It is always a matter of judgment on the part of each writer to decide whether that dialect is suitable for the writing she or he is doing at the moment. See colloquial.
Dialogue. Recording others speech directly is called writing in dialogue.
Conventionally, quotation marks are used to indicate directly recorded speed “‘Hello,’
he said In this example, the directly quoted speech is contained in single quotes because examples in this book are contained in double quotes. Normally, dialogue appears in double quotes, while direct speech recorded within a dialogue is put in single quotes, as in the example. Directly quoted speech can also be indented and made a block quotation to indicate that the words of someone other than the author are being reported The politician said
I am, as usual, confused on this point, but I would say that it is possible. Actually, I’m not sure that it is possible, but I am guessing that it is. It’s most probably probable.
The news conference ended shortly thereafter.”
Directly reported speech within an indented block appears in double quotes, but the block itself has no quotes around it. Normally the reported speech of each person who takes part in the dialogue being recorded is also set o by beginning anew iparagraph:iIt was a dark and stormy night. Thunder crashed, and the rain poured down.
“Wow,” Chris said, “I’m scared.”
“Don’t worry replied Sandy, Were safe here.”
However, to save space in non ction writing, some briefer dialogues are reported without such paragraphing.
Note that contractions appear in the last example. Such less formal elements are common in dialogues, which are, after all, representations of more colloquial,
informal, dialectic speech, rather than formal, standard writing. Dialogue—real or invented—thus presents the writer an opportunity to relax a formal style and introduce into a document more conversational elements and all the variants they entail. See dialect, standard English, and quotation.
Dialogue can also be reported less directly and therefore without quotation marks or other clear markers of speakers and speeches He said that he was scared This is called “indirect quotation.”

Download 1.09 Mb.

Share with your friends:
1   ...   66   67   68   69   70   71   72   73   ...   201




The database is protected by copyright ©ininet.org 2024
send message

    Main page