A brief History of Basketball (Just in Time for the Final Four)
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Mental DevelopmentBasketball requires a wide range of physical skills, but it is also a fast-paced mental game. Research on the mental aspects of basketball has revealed that players must develop a great deal of attentional control to quickly and accurately process what's happening on the court and make effective decisions with the ball and on defense. Attentional control refers to your ability to direct your focus in a desired direction; in basketball, you must train yourself to constantly observe your teammates and opponents and evaluate what course of action to take in response to their actions. Research conducted by Dr. Daniel Gopher of the International Ergonomics Association suggests that the attentional control skills that you learn while playing basketball can even help you make quick decisions on the job and in other real-life situations. Player PositionsCenter. Centers are generally your tallest players. They generally are positioned near the basket. Offensive -- The center's goal is to get open for a pass and to shoot. They are also responsible for blocking defenders, known as picking or screening, to open other players up for driving to the basket for a goal. Centers are expected to get some offensive rebounds and put-backs. Defensive -- On defense, the center's main responsibility is to keep opponents from shooting by blocking shots and passes in the key area. They also are expected to get a lot of rebounds because they're taller. Forward. Your next tallest players will most likely be your forwards. While a forward may be called upon to play under the hoop, they may also be required to operate in the wings and corner areas. Offensive -- Forwards are responsible to get free for a pass, take outside shots, drive for goals, and rebound. Defensive -- Responsibilities include preventing drives to the goal and rebounding. Guard. These are potentially your shortest players and they should be really good at dribbling fast, seeing the court, and passing. It is their job to bring the ball down the court and set up offensive plays. Offensive -- Dribbling, passing, and setting up offensive plays are a guard's main responsibilities. They also need to be able to drive to the basket and to shoot from the perimeter. Defensive -- On defense, a guard is responsible for stealing passes, contesting shots, preventing drives to the hoop, and for boxing out. 
Player PositionsCenter. Centers are generally your tallest players. They generally are positioned near the basket. Offensive -- The center's goal is to get open for a pass and to shoot. They are also responsible for blocking defenders, known as picking or screening, to open other players up for driving to the basket for a goal. Centers are expected to get some offensive rebounds and put-backs. Defensive -- On defense, the center's main responsibility is to keep opponents from shooting by blocking shots and passes in the key area. They also are expected to get a lot of rebounds because they're taller. Forward. Your next tallest players will most likely be your forwards. While a forward may be called upon to play under the hoop, they may also be required to operate in the wings and corner areas. Offensive -- Forwards are responsible to get free for a pass, take outside shots, drive for goals, and rebound. Defensive -- Responsibilities include preventing drives to the goal and rebounding. Guard. These are potentially your shortest players and they should be really good at dribbling fast, seeing the court, and passing. It is their job to bring the ball down the court and set up offensive plays. Offensive -- Dribbling, passing, and setting up offensive plays are a guard's main responsibilities. They also need to be able to drive to the basket and to shoot from the perimeter. Defensive -- On defense, a guard is responsible for stealing passes, contesting shots, preventing drives to the hoop, and for boxing out.
2014 NCAA tournament: Midwest region capsules and analysis Best round of 64 matchup: Despite fading a bit down the stretch, UMass earned a surprising No. 6 seed and could very well end up as an underdog to either Iowa or Tennessee, who will play in Dayton on Tuesday to get into the main bracket. The Minutemen are fun to watch, playing a fast-paced, frenetic style on both ends of the court that relies on scoring in transition and pressure defense. They also have one of the nation's most dynamic players in 5-9 point guard Chaz Williams, who averages 15.8 points and 7.0 assists. Both Iowa and Tennessee, however, are ranked higher in most statistics-based analytic models and could very well make the Minutemen's first trip to the tournament since 1998 a short one. Potential upset: Duke should be wary of the Mercer Bears. Much like Florida Gulf Coast last season, Mercer comes out of the Atlantic Sun as a dangerous double-digit seed, with eight wins in its last 10 games. Laden with seniors, the Bears are efficient offensively, make 39% of their three-pointers and get balanced scoring from six different players led by guard Langston Hall (14.7 ppg). The Bears also have more size than a traditional mid-major, with an array of 6-4 guards and 6-10 center Daniel Coursey, who averages nearly 10 points and seven rebounds. Mercer beat Seton Hall and Ole Miss in the regular season and only lost to Texas by three points, proving they can hang with power conference talent. The sleeper: Can a preseason No. 1 team qualify as a sleeper? Given the outsized expectations for Kentucky, it was a disappointing season on pretty much every level as the Wildcats scuffled to a 24-10 record. Furthermore, Kentucky beat just three NCAA tournament teams (Providence, Louisville and Tennessee) and didn't play with much cohesion or passion over the final dozen games of the regular season. That's why they ended up with a No. 8 seed, despite making the SEC tournament championship game. Still, Kentucky has the biggest collection of future NBA talent in the country and showed some signs of putting it together in Atlanta, falling 61-60 to Florida. Calipari's one-and-done factory against experienced and unbeaten Wichita State is a dream Round of 32 matchup. The winner: Despite getting a No. 4 seed, at least one line lower than expected, the bracket shakes out pretty well for Louisville. The Cardinals have won 12 of their last 13 games, all but one by blowout margins, and appear to be peaking at the right time. They also get a favorable path to the Sweet 16, where they would potentially face Wichita State in a rematch of last year's national semifinal. Louisville isn't quite as good defensively as last season's NCAA champions, but Rick Pitino's team is shooting it well enough to get back to a Final Four. Senior guard Russ Smith has been almost unguardable since playing on the ball more late in the season and has made 13 of his last 20 from 3-point range. No. 1 Wichita State Nickname: Shockers. Location: Wichita. Record: 34-0, 18-0. Bid: Missouri Valley champ. Last appearance: 2013, lost to Louisville in Final Four. Coach: Gregg Marshall, 5-9 in nine appearances. Overview: The Shockers are the first team to enter the NCAA tournament unbeaten in 23 years. Wichita State's weak strength of schedule (97th nationally) and its mid-major tag have led to skepticism, the Shockers are efficient in a lot of areas. It starts on the defensive end — where the players' chip-on-their-shoulder toughness comes out best. Did you know? Shockers reflects the university's heritage: Early students earned money by shocking, or harvesting, wheat in nearby fields. Starters: F Cleanthony Early, 6-8, Sr. (15.8 ppg, 5.9 rpg); G Ron Baker, 6-3, So. (13.1 ppg, 3.1 apg); G Fred VanFleet, 5-11, So. (12.1 ppg, 5.3 apg); G Tekele Cotton, 6-2, Jr. (10.8 ppg, 4.1 rpg); C Kadeem Coleby, 6-9 Sr. (2.6 ppg, 2.9 rpg). No. 2 Michigan Nickname: Wolverines. Location: Ann Arbor. Record: 25-8, 15-3. Bid: Big Ten at-large. Last appearance: 2013, lost to Louisville in national title game. Coach: John Beilein, 13-8 in eight appearances. Overview: The Wolverines won the Big Ten regular-season crown, overcoming the injury to star sophomore Mitch McGary, who played in eight games. A deep and experienced team, Michigan won seven in a row before falling in the Big Ten title game. Did you know? Guard Spike Albrecht earned the nickname "Spike" because he never took off his baseball cleats when he was young. Starters: G Nik Stauskus, 6-6, So. (17.4 ppg, 3.4 apg, 45.8 3FG%); G Caris LeVert, 6-6, So. (13.4 ppg, 4.4 rpg, 41.0 3FG%); G Derrick Walton Jr., 6-1, Fr. (8.1 ppg, 2.9 apg, 2.9 rpg); F Glenn Robinson III, 6-6, So. (13.2 ppg, 4.4 rpg, 49.7 FG%); F Jordan Morgan, 6-8, Sr. (5.5 ppg, 4.6 rpg, 69.0 FG%). No. 3 Duke Nickname: Blue Devils. Location: Durham, N.C. Record: 26-8, 13-5. Bid: ACC at-large. Last appearance: 2013, lost to Louisville in Elite Eight. Coach: Mike Krzyzewski, 82-25 in 29 appearances. Overview: Jabari Parker lived up to his billing as one of the nation's top freshmen. He and Rodney Hood are part of an athletic frontcourt that lacks size and depth to match up with more physical opponents. Foul trouble caused them problems during the season. The Blue Devils explosive offense avoids turnovers and relies on three-point shot. They ranked among the nation's leaders in both categories. Did you know? Duke is the only school not named after a city or state to win a national title since 1985. Starters: F Jabari Parker, 6-8, Fr. (19.2 ppg, 9.0 rpg, 48.7 FG%); F Rodney Hood, 6-8, So. (16.5 ppg, 4.0 rpg, 42.5 3FG%, 81.9 FT%); F Amile Jefferson, 6-9, So. (6.5 ppg, 6.6 rpg, 65.1 FG%), G Rasheed Sulaimon, 6-4, So. (9.5 ppg, 2.6 apg, 42.4 3FG%) G Tyler Thornton, 6-2, Sr. (3.1 ppg, 83.3 FT%). No. 4 Louisville Nickname: Cardinals.Location: Louisville. Record: 29-5, 15-3.Bid: American champ. Last appearance: 2013, national champion. Coach: Rick Pitino, 48-16 in 18 appearances. Overview: Russ Smith has made his game less, well, Russ-diculous this year and cut down on his turnovers. The defending champs miss the steadying influence of Peyton Siva in the back court, but the rapid development of Chris Jones has helped. Did you know? The tradition of the University of Louisville marching band performingMy Old Kentucky Home at the Kentucky Derby began in 1936. Bold Venture, a longshot who had never won a stakes race ridden by apprentice jockey Babe Hanford, was that year's winner. Starters: G Russ Smith, 6-0, Sr. (17.5 ppg, 3.5 rpg, 4.8 apg, 2.0 spg); F Montrezl Harrell, 6-8, So. (14.0 ppg, 8.3 rpg); F Luke Hancock, 6-6, Sr. (11.9 ppg, 82.3 ft%); G Chris Jones, 5-10, Jr. (10.3 ppg, 2.9 apg, 2.2 spg); F Stephan Van Treese, 6-9, Sr. (2.9 ppg, 5.3 rpg). No. 5 Saint Louis Nickname: Billikens.Location: St. Louis. Record: 26-6, 13-3.Bid: Atlantic 10 at-large. Last appearance: 2013, lost to Oregon in third round. Coach:Jim Crews, 2-5 in five appearances. Overview:The Billikens start five seniors, almost unheard of in this one-and-done era. They claimed their second consecutive regular-season title but were shocked by St. Bonaventure in the quarterfinals of the A-10 tournament. After starting 24-2, including 19 consecutive wins, SLU has dropped four of its last five. Did you know? Crews was a senior on Indiana's 1975-76 squad that went 32-0, the last undefeated national champion. Starters:F Dwayne Evans, 6-6, Sr. (14.0 ppg, 6.4 rpg); G Jordair Jett, 6-1, Sr. (13.8 ppg, 3.9 rpg, 4.7 apg); F Rob Loe, 6-11, Sr. (10.0 ppg, 5.5 rpg, 76.5 FT%); G Mike McCall Jr., 6-0, Sr. (9.6 ppg, 3.7 rpg, 75.7 FT%); F Jake Barnett, 6-5, Sr. (4.9 ppg). No. 6 Massachusetts Nickname: Minutemen.Location:Amherst. Record: 24-8, 10-6. Bid: Atlantic 10 at-large. Last appearance: 1998, lost to Saint Louis in first round. Coach: Derek Kellogg, first appearance. Overview: UMass rocketed off to a 16-1 start in Kellogg's sixth season, helping propel the Minutemen back to the tournament after a 16-year absence. UMass relies on energy but doesn't have a deep bench. Did you know? In coach Derek Kellogg's four years as a UMass player (1992-1995) the Minutemen became just the second team to win four consecutive regular-season and tournament titles. Starters: G Chaz Williams, 5-9, Sr. (15.8 ppg, 7.1 apg); F Cady Lalanne, 6-10, Jr. (11.9 ppg, 8.1 rpg, 57 FG%, 2.4 bpg); F Sampson Carter, 6-8, Sr. (10.7 ppg, 4.7 rpg); F Raphiael Putney, 6-9, Sr. (9.5 ppg, 5.5 rpg, 76 FT%); G Derrick Gordon, 6-3, So. (9.4 ppg, 3.5 rpg). No. 7 Texas Nickname:Longhorns. Location: Austin. Record: 23-10, 11-7.Bid: Big 12 at-large. Last appearance: 2012, lost to Cincinnati in second round. Coach:Rick Barnes, 18-14 in 14 appearances Overview:The Longhorns are back after a missing last year's tournament for the first time since 1998. If Texas makes a run, it will be on defense and rebounding. Opponents shoot only 39.8%, putting Texas at the top of the Big 12; UT also leads with 41.8 rebounds a game. That includes 14.8 offensive boards, fifth in the country. Did you know? The campus' iconic tower has a variety of different lighting combinations for different events, including one for national titles. Starters:G Javan Felix, 5-11, So. (12 ppg, 2.8 apg); G Demarcus Holland, 6-2, So. (5 rpg, 7.3 ppg, 2.4 apg); G Isaiah Taylor, 6-1, Fr. (12.6 ppg, 3.9 apg, 3.4 rpg); F Jonathan Holmes, 6-8, Jr. (13 ppg, 7.3 rpg, 51.3 FG%); C Cameron Ridley, 6-9, So. (11,5 ppg, 2.2 bpg, 54.5 FG%, 8.1 rpg). No. 8 Kentucky Nickname: Wildcats.Location: Lexington. Record: 24-10, 12-6.Bid: SEC at-large. Last appearance: 2012, national champion. Coach: John Calipari, 38-13 in 14 appearances. Overview: With Calipari at the helm since the 2008-09 season, the Wildcats have gotten to at least the Elite Eight three times. His young team lost three of four heading into the SEC tournament. Did you know? Calipari is one of only two coaches to lead three different schools to a No. 1 ranking. Calipari is also one of only two coaches to lead three different schools to a Final Four. Calipari has won six conference championships in the last seven years. He has also won seven regular-season conference championships in the last nine years. Starters: G Aaron Harrison, 6-6, Fr. (13.5 ppg, 3.2 rpg, 2.1 apg); G Andrew Harrison, 6-6, Fr. (10.8 ppg, 3.0 rpg, 3.7 apg); G 6-6, James Young, Fr. (14.6 ppg, 4.2 rpg); F Julius Randle, 6-9, Fr. (15.4 ppg, 10.6 rpg, 51.3 FG%, 71.2 FT%); C Dakari Johnson, 7-0, Fr. (5.0 ppg, 3.8 rpg). No. 9 Kansas State Nickname: Wildcats.Location: Manhattan. Record: 20-12, 10-8.Bid: Big 12 at-large. Last appearance: 2013, lost to La Salle in second round. Coach: Bruce Weber, 11-9 in nine appearances Overview: The Wildcats have been looking worse for the wear late in the season, losing their last three games, but Marcus Foster's big-game potential could single-handedly sink a mightier team. They also can rely on their defense, tops in the Big 12 in points per game at 65.7 but they only score 69.7. They also shoot poorly, eighth in the league at 43.6%. Did you know? Kansas State grad Herbert Diamond is famous for inventing the snooze alarm. Starters: G Marcus Foster, 6-2, Fr. (15.4 ppg, 3.3 rpg); G Will Spradling, 6-2, Sr. (8 ppg, 3.1 rpg, 2.9 apg); F Nino Williams, 6-5, Jr. (51.4 FG%, 6.5 ppg, 3.6 rpg); F Thomas Gipson, 6-7, Jr. (55.9 FG%, 11.8 ppg, 6.6 rpg); F Wesley Iwundu, 6-7, Fr. (41.2 3FG%, 6.8 ppg, 4.3 rpg). No. 10 Arizona State Nickname: Sun Devils. Location: Tempe. Record: 21-11, (10-8).Bid: Pac-12 at-large. Last appearance: 2009, lost to Syracuse in second round. Coach: Herb Sendek, 7-7 in seven appearances. Overview: The Sun Devils enter the tournament having lost their final three games and five of their last seven. Arizona State boasts one of the country's best diminutive players in 5-10 Jahii Carson, last season's Pac-12 co-Freshman of the Year. And Jordan Bachynski, who led the country in blocks per game, provides the Sun Devils a menacing defensive presence at the rim. Did you know? Herb Sendek has more 20-win seasons (5) than the school does in the 26 years prior to his arrival (4). Starters: G Jahii Carson, 5-10, So. (18.9 ppg, 4.5 apg), C Jordan Bachynski, 7-2, Sr. (11.2 ppg, 8.4 rpg, 4.2 bpg, 55.1 FG%), G Jermaine Marshall, 6-4, Sr. (15.4 ppg, 41.1 3FG%), G Shaquielle McKissic, 6-3, Sr. (8.9 ppg, 5.4 rpg), F Eric Jacobsen, 6-10, So. (2.6 ppg). No. 11 Iowa Nickname: Hawkeyes.Location: Iowa City. Record: 20-12, 9-9.Bid: Big Ten at-large. Last appearance: 2006, lost to Northwestern State in first round. Coach: Fran McCaffery, 2-5 in five appearances. Overview: Ranked as high as No. 10 in the USA TODAY Sports Coaches Poll at one point, the Hawkeyes were in the running for the Big Ten title but collapsed down the stretch. They lost six of their last seven, including to No. 11 seed Northwestern in the conference tournament. McCaffery is coaching his fourth different team in the NCAAs. Did you know? Guard Roy Devyn Marble's father Roy Marble starred at Iowa from 1985-89 and is the program's all-time scoring leader with 2,116 points. Starters: G Roy Devyn Marble, 6-6, Sr. (17.0 ppg, 3.5 apg); G Mike Gesell, 6-1, So. (8.3 ppg, 3.9 apg); F Melsahn Basabe, 6-7, Sr. (7.7 ppg, 5.7 rpg, 57.5 FG%); F Aaron White, 6-9, Jr. (13.3 ppg, 6.8 rpg, 58.8 FG%); C Adam Woodbury, 7-1, So. (5.6 ppg, 3.9 rpg, 50.0 FG%). No. 11 Tennessee Nickname: Volunteers.Location: Knoxville. Record: 21-12, 11-7.Bid: SEC at-large. Last appearance: 2011, lost to Michigan in the first round. Coach: Cuonzo Martin, first appearance. Overview: Since former coach Bruce Pearl was let go in 2011, the Vols failed to reach the NCAAs until now. They won five of their last six, the loss to No. 1 Florida in the SEC semifinals. They rely on strong defense, as exemplified by holding South Carolina scoreless for the first six minutes of their SEC quarterfinal. Did you know? Martin is one of two coaches in the SEC who have defeated every team in the league at least once the past two seasons. This is the 35th anniversary of UT's last SEC title. Starters: G Josh Richardson, 6-6, Jr. (9.4 ppg, 2.9 rpg); G Jordan McRae, 6-6, Sr. (18.7 ppg, 3.5 rpg, 2.6 apg); G Antonio Barton, 6-2, Sr. (7.7 ppg, 2.3 rpg, 2.1 apg); F Jeronne Maymon, 6-8, Sr. (10.1 ppg, 8.2 rpg, 52.8 FG%); F Jarnell Stokes, 6-8, Jr. (14.8 ppg, 10.4 rpg, 2.1 apg, 52.9 FG%). No. 12 North Carolina State > Nickname: Wolfpack. Location: Raleigh. Record: 21-13, 9-9.Bid: ACC at-large. < Last appearance: 2013, lost to Temple in the second round. Coach: Mark Gottfried, 7-9 in nine appearances. Overview: Late wins at Pittsburgh and against Syracuse in the ACC tournament helped the Wolfpack join the field after an up-and-down season. ACC player of the year T.J. Warren is an explosive scorer on a team that doesn't shoot the ball from outside or rebound well. Warren will need scoring help from G Ralston Turner and reserve Anthony Barber, who is one piece of a deep bench. Did you know? Gottfried is only the third ACC coach to lead his team to the NCAA tournament in his first three seasons. The others are Roy Williams and Bill Guthridge. Statistics: F T.J. Warren, 6-8, So. (24.9 ppg, 7.2 rpg, 1.7 spg, 52.7 FG%); F Kyle Washington 6-9, Fr. (4.8 ppg, 4.0 rpg); G Ralston Turner, 6-5, Jr. (10.3 ppg, 37.6 3FG%); G Tyler Lewis (4.3 ppg, 3.5 apg); C Jordan Vandenberg, 7-1, Sr. (4.5 ppg, 4.6 rpg, 67.4 FG%). No. 12 Xavier Nickname: Musketeers.Location: Cincinnati. Record: 21-12, 10-8.Bid: Big East at-large. Last appearance: 2012, lost to Baylor in the Sweet 16. Coach: Chris Mack, 6-4 in four appearances. Overview: Xavier returns to the tournament for the 11th time in 13 seasons despite losing eight of their last 14. The backcourt of Semaj Christon and Dee Davis leads the offense. Matt Stainbrook provides size in the frontcourt, but he came off the bench in the Big East tournament because of a knee injury. Did you know? Proposed in 1925, the school's Musketeers mascot was intended to promote the importance of chivalry and accentuate the school's ties to its French origins and culture. Statistics: G Semaj Christon, 6-3, So. (17.0 ppg, 40.5 3FG%, 4.1 apg); G Dee Davis 6-0, Jr. (7.7 ppg, 4.8 apg, 84.2 FT%); F Justin Martin, 6-6, Jr. (11.5 ppg, 5.2 rpg, 38.1 3FG%); F Isaiah Philmore, 6-8, Sr. (8.7 ppg, 4.9 rpg, 52.4 FG%); F Jalen Reynolds, 6-9, Fr. (3.6 ppg, 54.5 FG%). No. 13 Manhattan Nickname: Jaspers. Location: Riverdale, N.Y. Record: 25-7, 15-5.Bid: Metro Atlantic champ. Last appearance: 2004, lost to Wake Forest in second round. Coach: Steve Masiello, first appearance. Overview: Masiello is a Rick Pitino disciple, so expect a player rotation that goes nine or 10 deep and plenty of pressure defense. Backstopping everything for the Jaspers is Rhamel Brown, who at just 6-7 is one of the nation's top shot blockers. Did you know? Masiello served as a New York Knicks ball boy in his youth. Starters: F Ashton Pankey, 6-10, So. (7.1 ppg, 4.3 rpg, 57.3 FG%); F Rhamel Brown, 6-7, Sr. (9.4 ppg, 5.8 rpg, 3.8 blocks, 52.8 FG%); G Michael Alvarado, 6-2, Sr. (12.4 ppg, 4.2 apg); G RaShawn Stores, 5-11, Jr. (5.0 ppg, 75.0 FT%); G George Beamon, 6-4, Sr. (19.7 ppg, 6.7 rpg; 84.9 FT%). Directory: uploads uploads -> 587 Return function, r i(X) r i(0) r i(1) r i(2) r i(3) 1 0 2 4 6 Thermal Station, I 2 0 1 5 6 3 0 3 5 6 10 uploads -> Department of science and humanities department of mathematics part-a questions and answers uploads -> The Case Against the nypd’s Quota-Driven ‘Broken Windows’ Policing What Is It? uploads -> For want of a nail uploads -> Ownership Models There are two different types of ownership models uploads -> Police Militarization uploads -> City of rising star regular meting thursday, july 14, 2016 uploads -> Township of winfield uploads -> Stop Militarizing Law Enforcement Act of 2014 uploads -> The Black Panther Party’s Ten-Point Program What We Want Now! 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