A glossary of Terms Related to the Conflict

Quangos Quango is the unofficial term applied to what are known as 'qu

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Q Quangos Quango is the unofficial term applied to what are known as 'quasi-autonomous non-governmentalorganisations' or 'non-departmental public bodies'. In essence these are bodies established by the British government and consisting of people appointed by ministers or civil servants. Examples include the Northern Ireland Housing Executive (NIHE), the Health and Social Services Boards (HSSBs) as well as the Education and Library Boards (ELBs). 'Queen's Highway' A term used by Unionists and Loyalists to refer to the public road system in Northern Ireland. One argument put forward by the various Loyal Orders in relation to contentious parades through Nationalist areas is that they have the right to march anywhere on the 'Queen's highway' within Northern Ireland. Quis Separabit This Latin phrase, which translates as 'who will separate us', has become the motto of the Ulster Defence Association (UDA) and appears on their statements, flags, and other emblems, as well as wall murals. R Racketeering In an attempt to finance their operations paramilitary organisations are alleged to be involved in a range of criminal activity where money is obtained illegally. Collectively these various means have become known as 'racketeering'. Reciprocal Given the extent of the division between the two communities in Northern Ireland negotiations and political discussions have often proved difficult because of mistrust of the other side. As a result in the talks linked with the 'peace process' linked to the Good Friday Agreement (GFA) the term 'reciprocal' was used to describe the need for concessions on one side to be matched by the other. Red Hand Commando (RHC) Small Loyalist paramilitary group which was, at times, closely associated with the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF). See: Abstracts on Organisations entry. Red Hand Defenders (RHD) The name of a Loyalist paramilitary group which first appeared in 1998. Initially it was believed that the RHD was comprised of dissident members of other Loyalist paramilitary groups who were opposed to the Good Friday Agreement. However, in the middle of 2001 there was further speculation that the RHD was being used as a covername (a pseudonym) by members of the Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF) and the Ulster Defence Association (UDA) / Ulster Freedom Fighters (UFF). See: Abstracts on Organisations entry. 'Rent and Rates Strike' In July 1971 the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) called for people in Northern Ireland to commence a rent and rates strike in association with a campaign of civil disobedience against the authorities. Republic of Ireland The name given to the territory previously called Éire when independent Ireland declared itself a Republic on Easter Monday (April 18), 1949. The state is made up of 26 of the 32 counties of Ireland. [On the CAIN web site the state is referred to as either the "Republic of Ireland" or "the Republic".] See also: Éire, Irish Free State, 'South of Ireland', 'Twenty-Six Counties' Republican Strictly the term refers to a person who supports the style of government based on a republic over a monarchy. In a Northern Ireland context the term Republican is taken to imply that the person gives tacit or actual support to the use of physical force by paramilitary groups with Republican aims. The main aim of Republicans being the establishment of a United (32 county) Ireland. 'Republican Movement' The 'Republican Movement' is a term used to describe Sinn Féin together with the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and a number of smaller associated groups. Republican Paramilitary Group(s) Those paramilitary groups which are prepared to use physical violence in an attempt to achieve a 32 county United Ireland. The main Republican paramilitary groups still in existence are: the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and a group believed to be associated with it Direct Action Against Drugs (DAAD); Continuity Irish Republican Army (CIRA); and the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA). Republican Sinn Féin (RSF) A breakaway group from Sinn Féin (SF) which was formed in 1986 in opposition to SF's new policy of ending abstention from the Dáil. RSF opposed the Irish Republican Army (IRA) ceasefires and the Peace Process. Some commentators believe that RSF has links with the Continuity Irish Republican Army (CIRA).  See: Abstracts on Organisations entry. 'Residents' Groups' In the 1990s as a means to register their opposition to parades by the Loyal Orders through Nationalist areas local residents groups began to be set up. Examples included the Lower Ormeau Road Concerned Community (LOCC), Bogside Residents' Group (BRG), and the Garvaghy Road Residents' Coalition (GRCC). It was alleged by the Loyal Orders and Unionist politicians that such groups were mere 'fronts' for Sinn Féin and as a result they refused to take part in direct talks with them. Retaliation During 'the Troubles' in Northern Ireland paramilitary groups often claimed that a particular act of violence was carried out in 'retaliation' for an earlier attack on their community. Revisionism This term became widely used to define a new style of research and writing into Irish history which emerged in the latter half of the 20th century and which began to develop alongside the outbreak of the conflict in Northern Ireland. In essence it argued that a much more balanced and critical approach had to be taken in relation to Irish history with the need to consult as wide a range of sources as posssible. To the anger of some it also suggested that Britain was not always at fault for the problems which affected Irish society in the past or in the present. 'Risks for Peace' In association with the 'peace process' linked with the Good Friday Agreement (GFA) those involved have often urged their political opponents to encourage progress by abandoning their established positions. This is commonly referred to as taking 'risks for peace'. 'Rolling Devolution' In 1982 the British government proposed to initiate a process whereby devolved power would be returned to local politicians in Northern Ireland by way of an elected assembly. Initially this assembly was to have limited powers but the intention was that additional administrative and legislative powers would be devolved if the assembly commanded cross-community support. The concept was to become widely known as 'rolling devolution'. In the end however the initiative failed to win the support of any significant representative of the Nationalist community and in 1986 the assembly was wound up by the British government. Roman Catholic See: Catholic Royal Black Institution The full title of the Royal Black Institution is the 'Imperial Grand Black Chapter of the British Commonwealth'. It is one of the three main 'Loyal Orders'. See: Abstracts of Organisations entry. Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) The Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) was the name of the Northern Ireland police force from 1 June 1922 to 4 November 2001. The RUC was responsible for dealing with politically motivated crime as well as ordinary law enforcement. During most of the period of its existence the RUC was almost entirely made up of officers drawn from the Protestant community - during the 1990s approximately 93 per cent of officers were Protestant. Many Catholics had little trust in the impartiality of the RUC. On 4 November 2001 the name of the RUC was changed to the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI). See: Abstracts of Organisations entry. 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