A reference for Designing Servers and Peripherals for the Microsoft® Windows® 2000 Server Family of Operating Systems Intel Corporation and Microsoft Corporation Publication Date—June 30, 2000
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- 176. Dual ATA adapters use single FIFO with asynchronous access or dual FIFOs and channels
- 178. ATA controller and peripheral connections include Pin 1 cable designation with keyed and shrouded connectors
- 179. ATAPI peripherals comply with ATA/ATAPI-5 standard commands for features implemented
- 180. ATAPI devices support DEVICE RESET command
- 181. ATA/ATAPI device supports ATA STANDBY command
ATA Controllers and PeripheralsThis section presents requirements for ATA hardware that is compatible with Windows 2000, including adapters, peripherals, and any device that uses an ATA controller. 175. System does not use ATA host controller or peripherals
ATA disks should not be present in a server. If ATA is implemented in a system, the ATA host controller and peripherals must meet all related requirements for devices and drivers, and they must meet the requirements defined in this section. ATA devices may not be used as the primary storage channel on a server running Windows 2000 Advanced Server or Datacenter Server. For these operating systems, the server can use an ATA device only as a boot or installation device. An exemption is allowed for Basic and SOHO class servers that are not designed for deployment with MSCS clustering.
PCI dual ATA adapters must be designed so that either channel can be used at any time; the operating system must not have to serialize access between the primary and secondary channel. Therefore, either the two channels are totally independent or a hardware arbitrator protects anything shared, such as a programmed I/O (PIO) read pre-fetch buffer. A design implementing a single first in/first out (FIFO) with a hardware solution to synchronize access to both channels meets this requirement if the design does not require that a request on one channel be completed before another can be started. A software-based solution is not acceptable. ATA-based systems must be tested with ATA DMA enabled; the system must not have an embedded single-FIFO dual-channel ATA controller.
Dual-channel controllers that require special software to serialize channel I/O for a single prefetch FIFO do not meet these requirements. Such designs require serial access to one of four devices, defeating the primary advantage of asynchronous dual-channel controllers. Furthermore, such devices are non-standard and require custom driver support. 177. ATA controller and peripherals comply with ATA/ATAPI-5 standard commands for features implemented and support Ultra-DMA (ATA/33, minimum)Required All controllers and ATA peripherals must support Ultra DMA (also known as Ultra-ATA) at transfer rates up to 33 MB per second as defined in ATA/ATAPI-5. In addition to improved transfer rates, Ultra DMA also provides error checking for improved robustness over previous ATA implementations. PCI chipsets must implement DMA as defined in SFF 8038i. ATA drives must comply with ATA-5, which defines the programming register set for PCI ATA bus master DMA, to ensure fully featured hardware and Windows-compatible device driver support. Support for ATA Bus Master DMA:
Recommendation Recommended support includes:
See also the BIOS recommendations in guideline “#12. System firmware meets general boot support requirements.” 178. ATA controller and peripheral connections include Pin 1 cable designation with keyed and shrouded connectorsRequired Pin 1 orientation must be designated by one edge of the ribbon cable and also on the keyed connector of the ATA or ATAPI controller and peripheral device. Designation of the keyed connector must be clearly indicated on or near the connector. 179. ATAPI peripherals comply with ATA/ATAPI-5 standard commands for features implementedRequired The ATA/ATAPI-5 standard defines the fundamental hardware and software design guidelines for ATAPI devices. See also guideline “# 147. System and Option ROMs support Int 13h Extensions on IA-32 BIOS boot systems.” 180. ATAPI devices support DEVICE RESET commandRequired ATAPI devices must respond to the DEVICE RESET command regardless of their internal state, as defined in the ATA/ATAPI-5 standard. The controller can be reset by going into a power-on state (requests cleared, signature present), but any non-default mode values must be left in their current state with the DRV bit unchanged. Devices that do not implement the PACKET command feature set, such as hard disk drives, must not implement the DEVICE RESET command.
The ATA drive must implement the ATA STANDBY command according to the ATA standard. This command is defined in ATA/ATAPI-5. The hard disk drive should spin up and be able to complete a Read operation within 10 seconds of applying power or leaving ATA STANDBY mode and transitioning to ATA ACTIVE, as specified in the Storage Device Class Power Management Reference Specification, Version 1.0 or later.
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