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CHAPTER TWO MANAGEMENT THEORIES AND THOUGHTS



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CHAPTER TWO MANAGEMENT THEORIES AND THOUGHTS This chapter covers the following topics defining management, nature, objectives and purpose of management, management as a technique, process, discipline, and profession, management functions, levels, skills and roles management as an art or science universality and transferability of management measures of managerial performance, productivity, effectiveness and efficiency modern managerial trends Globalisation, growing importance of quality environmentalism growing diversity of workforce and ethical reawakening. Also it covers the school of management thoughts, namely pre-classical thoughts, classical thoughts, behavioural thoughts, quantitative management schools operation research management science approach, contemporary approaches to management thoughts and recent/emerging management thoughts.
CHAPTER THREE MANAGEMENT PROCESS This chapter is divided into six sections. Section A covers Planning, definition planning, meaning, principles and importance, dimensions/types of plans, planning process/steps, levels of plans, benefits, tools and barriers to effective planning, Section B covers decision making defining decision making, characteristics of decisions, types and process of decision-making, decision-making situations and models, factors that affect decision making in groups. Section C covers organising defining organising, meaning, nature, purpose and principles of organization, characteristics of organisations, classifications of organisations, factors influencing management choice of organisational structure, consequences of badly designed organisational structure, types or forms of organizational structure, delegation of authority, span of control and concept of organisational culture, and centralisation and decentralisation of authority. Section D covers coordination defining coordination, meaning of coordination and state types of coordination, need and objectives of coordination, and techniques of coordination. Section E covers controlling defining controlling, meaning, purpose/importance of controlling, link between

ix planning and control, areas/types of control and the process of controlling, characteristics of effective control system, and characteristics of effective control system. Section F covers strategic management defining strategic management, meaning of strategy, purpose of strategic management, strategic management process, SWOT analysis, levels of strategic management, and differentiate between corporate and divisional strategies.

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