Accounting technicians scheme west africa
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| Learning Objectives After studying this chapter, the reader should be able to i) Define management ii) Explain the nature, objectives and purpose of management iii) Explain management as a technique, process, discipline, and profession iv) Explain management functions, levels, skills and roles v) Explain management as an art or science vi) Explain the universality and transferability of management vii) Explain measures of managerial performance, productivity, effectiveness and efficiency viii) Explain the following managerial trends a) Globalisation b) Quality c) Environmentalism d) Diversity of workforce e) Ethical reawakening. ix) The school of management thoughts. a) Pre-classical thoughts. b) Classical thoughts. c) Behavioural thoughts. d) Quantitative management schools operation research management science approach. e) Contemporary approaches to management thoughts. f) Recent/emerging management thoughts. 2.0 Introduction Management plays a pivotal role in the operations of business organizations. To achieve the goals of the business organization, it is necessary to guide, direct and coordinate the effort of others and constructively channel their potential. Thus, it is said that management is the activity of getting things done through, and with other people. How successfully an organization achieves its objectives depends to a large extent on its managers. If managers do their work well, an organization will probably achieve its goals. 2.1 Definitions of Management Management can be defined as the process of planning, organizing, directing and controlling the resources of an organization in order to achieve its goals efficiently. 57 Other definitions of management are given below i) Management is the process of planning, organizing, actuating and controlling an organization’s operations in order to achieve a coordination of the human and material resources essential in the effective and the efficient attainment of objectives (Miner, 1978). ii) Stoner (1978) defines management as the process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling the work of the members of an organization and of using all available organizational resources to reach stated organizational goals. iii) Griffin (1999), defines management as a set of activities (including planning and decision making, organizing, leading and controlling) directed at an organization’s resources (human, financial and information) with the aim of achieving organizational goals in an efficient and effective manner. These definitions highlight the following concepts i) A Process – Management is seen as a process consisting of four distinct but interrelated activities – planning, organizing, directing and controlling. ii) Resources – Human, financial, physical and information resources iii) Efficiency – Using resources in a cost effective manner. iv) Effectiveness – Making right decisions and implementing them. v) The Manager – A person whose primary responsibility is to carryout the management process. vi) The Efficient manager does things right, and effective manager does the right things. Download 3.37 Mb. Share with your friends:
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