Accounting technicians scheme west africa
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| Disturbance handler This role requires the manager to take actions needed to resolve important, unexpected disturbances. He must seek solutions to various unanticipated problems like strike, natural disaster, accidents, etc. c) Resource Allocator: This role deals with allocation of scarce resources to the different units of the organization. Specific activities include developing and monitoring budgets, forecasting future resource needs and problems in acquiring them. db Negotiator It requires that the manager negotiate with various stakeholders, both inside and outside. For example, a manager might represent the corporation to negotiate a trade union agreement, a joint venture contract, etc. 2.8 Management as an Art or a Science 2.8.1 Management as a Science Science refers to an organized and systematic body of knowledge acquired by mankind though observation, experimentation and also based on some universal principles, concepts, and 67 theories. Principles of science are developed through testing & observation. With the help of concept of science it can safely be concluded that management is also a science because it is based upon certain principle and concerned as a systematized body of knowledge, observation, test and experiment is a science, however it is not exact as physics, chemistry, biology, etc. Before trying to examine whether the management is a science or not we have to understand the nature of science. Science maybe a described as a systematized body of knowledge pertaining to an act of study and contains some general truths explaining past events or phenomena. It is systematized in the sense that relationships between variables and limit have been ascertained and underlying principal discovered. Three important characteristics of science area) It is a systematized body of knowledge and uses scientific methods for Observation b) Its principles are evolved on the basis of continued observation and experiment and c) Its principles are exact and have universal applicability without any limitations The Process of scientific theory construction and confirmation can be viewed as involving the following steps- a) The formulation of a problem or complex of problems based on observation. b) The construction of theory to provide answers to the problem or problems based on inductions from observations c) The deduction of specific hypothesis from the theory. d) The recasting of the hypothesis in terms of specific measures and the operations required to test the hypothesise) The devising of the actual situation to test the theorem and f) The actual testing in which confirmation does or does not occur Download 3.37 Mb. Share with your friends:
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