Analysis of Gas Prices in Howard County, Maryland
Appendix D—List of Relevant News and Cases
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- D.2 Baltimore City
- D.3 Baltimore County
- D.4 Carroll County
- D.5 Frederick County
- D.6 Harford County
- D.7 Howard County
- D.8 Montgomery County
Appendix D—List of Relevant News and CasesD.1 Anne Arundel CountyFuller, Nicole. “Developers, watchdogs gear up for Arundel zoning overhaul.” The Baltimore Sun, January 23, 2011. http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2011-01-23/news/bs-md-ar-comprehensive-rezoning-20110121_1_general-development-plan-small-area-plans-planning-and-zoning. Beginning February 2011, the Anne Arundel County Council will consider rezoning requests from over 300 applications sent into the Office of Planning and Zoning. Sauers, Elisha. “Giant gas station decision delayed.” CapitalGazetter.com, December 2, 2012. http://www.capitalgazette.com/news/arundel_digest/giant-gas-station-decision-delayed/article_9dc40648-9a7b-5a17-aeea-b4197e1a282a.html. The structure of a gas station at Giant supermarket in Annapolis is being delayed pending on the results of a study that looked at traffic patterns at variety of intersections. D.2 Baltimore CityShen, Fern. “Zoning approves Hamilton Royal Farms despite community opposition.” Baltimore Brew, April 3, 2013. http://www.baltimorebrew.com/2013/04/03/bmza-approves-hamilton-royal-farms-despite-community-opposition. Despite opposition, the Board of Municipal Zoning Appeals approved a gas station on Harford Road. D.3 Baltimore County“Carwash, C-Store and Gas Station Approved.” March 5, 2003. Modern Car Care, http://www.moderncarcare.com/news/2003/03/carwash-c-store-and-gas-station-approved.aspx. The Baltimore County zoning officials have approved a gas station to be built. The gas station will have a convenience store and a carwash. Apperson, Jay. “Garage seeks county’s OK to remain Owings Mills-area shop accused by its neighbors of lacking proper zoning.” The Baltimore Sun, May 23, 1997. http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1997-05-23/news/1997143085_1_zoning-service-station-shifren. Many neighbors in rural Owings Mills believe Hi-Caliber Towing & Auto repair are illegally operated in the residential area, but the shop refutes the allegations stating they have been operating in this site before county zoning laws were enacted. D.4 Carroll CountyHailey, Caroline. “Carroll County commission discusses proposal for Royal Farms in Eldersburg, MD.” York Daily Record, September 21, 2011. http://www.ydr.com/ci_18943469. A proposal is being discussed in developing of a vacant facility into a convenience store and gas station in Eldersburg. D.5 Frederick CountyEngle, Donna. “Shell Oil Co. again seeks approval for gas station Environmentalists oppose plan for Mount Airy site.” The Baltimore Sun, October 3, 1997. http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1997-10-03/news/1997276109_1_shell-oil-planning-commission-frederick-county. Shell Oil Co. is attempting to receive an approval for a gas station, convenience store and a carwash in Mt. Airy. D.6 Harford CountyShelsby, Ted. “Harford weighs MTBE reaction.” The Baltimore Sun, July 11, 2004. http://www.baltimoresun.com/bal-ha.mtbe11jul11,0,4715816.story. A leak near Fallston has caused a halt on new gas stations until investigators determine the cause. Vought, Allan. “Controversial Harford gas station bill defeated.” The Baltimore Sun, November 10, 2011. http://www.baltimoresun.com/explore/harford/news/ph-ag-gas-station-bill-1111-20111110,0,3484687.story. There was a controversial bill for gas stations in Harford County to “upgrade their tanks, piping and other equipment,” however it was rejected by the Harford County Council due to several unforeseen issues. D.7 Howard CountyArney, June. “Zoning Board rejects gas station plan.” The Baltimore Sun, January 11, 2008. http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2008-01-11/news/0801110134_1_zoning-board-planning-and-zoning-county-zoning. A gas station and car wash was planned for construction next to the Waverly Woods Village Center. However, the Zoning Board in Howard County voted against this plan. “Board denies request for Woodstock gas station.” Howard County Times, January 17, 2008. http://archives.explorehoward.com/news/6021268/board-denies-request-woodstock-gas-station. On January 9th, the Zoning Board in Howard County rejected a plan to build a gas station next to the Waverly Woods Village Center, even though it was previously approved by the Howard County Planning Board in July. McPherson, Lindsey. “Officials: Site in western Howard County unsuited for gas station.” Howard County Times, November 23, 2010. http://archives.explorehoward.com/news/77166/officials-site-western-howard-county-unsuited-gas-station. There is a proposed plan to build a gas station on Marriottsville Road in Howard County, but the Department of Planning and Zoning has stated the area may pose access issues that could affect traffic. D.8 Montgomery CountyBoyd, Matt. “Safeway plans appeal for gas station in Cloverly.” Gazette.net, May 26, 2004. http://ww2.gazette.net/gazette_archive/2004/200422/olney/news/218564-1.html. The Safeway located in Cloverly would like to build a gas station, but has been rejected by the Montgomery County Board of Appeals. However, the supermarket has tried to repeal the gas station decision numerous times. “Montgomery County Councilmembers Propose Zoning Change to Protect Residents From the Impacts of Mega-Gas Stations.” Montgomery County Council, May 9, 2012. http://www6.montgomerycountymd.gov/Apps/Council/PressRelease/PR_details.asp?PrID=8478. Several Montgomery County councilmembers will join together for “a news conference concerning the building mega-gas stations in the County.” Carter, Brianne. “Costco’s gas station zoning bill voted on.” ABC 7 News, July 24, 2012. http://www.wjla.com/articles/2012/07/costco-s-wheaton-gas-station-zoning-bill-heads-to-vote-78111.html. A decision was made by the Montgomery County Council for gas stations to be built near schools, recreation centers and other locations within 1,000 feet. But, a proposed Costco gas station has plans for construction within 300 feet which poses much opposition. Wilk, Cavan. “Costco still hopes for mega-gas station.” Greater Greater Washington, March 11, 2013. http://greatergreaterwashington.org/tag/gas+stations. Six hearings will be held by the Montgomery County Council to discuss Costco opening a mega gas station because the redevelopment of such a gas station would require additional road infrastructure to handle the increased traffic. 1 Chesnes, “Asymmetric Pass-Through in U.S. Gasoline Prices,” 4. 2 Multicollinearity is a property whereby two or more independent variables within a regression can be linearly predicted from one another. The presence of multicollinearity in a model would not negate the results of the model overall, but would lessen the degree of validity regarding the impact of an individual variable. 3 Gas stations in incorporated cities and those that had only reported for less than two weeks were dropped from the analysis. 4 Here, RESI multiplied the X variable ($0.10) by the impact multiplier presented in the output above (-1.103423) to get the approximate decrease to retailer’s margins. 5 Kane, “Maryland County Has Strict Law on New Gas Stations, Appearance,” 3. 6 Fulton and Shigley. Guide to California Planning, 3rd ed., 7. 7 Ibid, 54. 8 Barron, Taylor, and Umbeck, “Number of Sellers, Average Prices, and Price Dispersion,” 1041. 9 Ibid, 1042. 10 Nelson, “Fuel for the Fire.” 12 Robin Wegner, Assistant to the Hearing Examiner of Howard County, personal communication, April 23, 2013. 14 City of Muskego, Chapter 17 Zoning, 14.03.06 Gasoline Service Stations, 246. 15 Fulton and Shigley. Guide to California Planning, 3rd ed., 136–37. 16 Eckert and West, “Rationalization of Retail Gasoline Station Networks in Canada,” 19–20. 17 Shaver, “Gas Stations are vanishing from Washington’s inner suburbs, 1–2. 18 Ibid. 19 Ibid. 20 Howard County Department of Planning and Zoning, PlanHoward 2030, 160–61. 21 Howard County Department of Planning and Zoning, Zoning Regulation Amendment Request Form [Howard County Independent Business Association], 2. 22 Ibid. 23 Howard County Zoning Board, Decision and Order, Case No. 1067M [Convenience Retailing, LLC], 11–13. 24 Howard County Board of Appeals, Decision and Order Case No. BA-08-049C [Convenience Retailing, LLC], 1. 25 Carson, “Zoning Ok’d For Gas Station in Woodstock.” 26 Howard County Board of Appeals, Decision and Order Case No. BA-08-049C [Convenience Retailing, LLC], 23. 27 Howard County Board of Appeals Hearing Examiner, Decision and Order Case No. BA10-023 [Waverly Woods Development Corporation], 9. 28 Ibid. 29 Robin Wegner, Assistant to the Hearing Examiner of Howard County, personal communication, April 23, 2013. 30 Please refer to Appendix B for a description of overlay zones. 31 Downtown Columbia Plan: A General Plan Amendment. Howard County, Maryland. Adopted February 1, 2010. 32 Brooks, Richard. “Social Planning in Columbia.” 373. 33 Howard County Department of Planning and Zoning. The New Town District. 34 Hoppenfeld, Morton. “A Sketch of the Planning-Building Process for Columbia, Maryland.” 405. 35 37 Ibid, 49. 38 Ibid. 39 Iyer, et al, “Too close to be similar:...,” 206. 40 Ibid. 41 Hosken, et al. “Retail gasoline pricing: What do we know?” 10. 42 When determining the effect from correlation upon an indicated variable, econometricians take the squared correlation coefficient. 43 Eckert, et al. “Price uniformity and competition in a retail gasoline market,” 229. 44 Ibid. 45 Mankiw, et al. “Pervasive Stickiness,” 165. 46 Chesnes, “Asymmetric Pass-Through in U.S. Gasoline Prices,” 3. 47 Department of Legislative Services, “Transportation Infrastructure Investment Act of 2013.” 2013 Legislative Session, 3. 48 “Tax Years,” last reviewed April 12, 2013, http://www.irs.gov/Businesses/Small-Businesses-&-Self-Employed/Tax-Years 49 Usher, et al.”Life and Death along Gasoline Alley: Darwinian and Lamarckian Processes in a Differentiating Population,” 1460. 50 Ibid. 51 “Population Estimates of Columbia, Maryland,” last modified May 28, 2013. http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/24/2467675.html 52 City of Baltimore, Council Bill 12-0152 (First Reader), §10-206, 156. 53 Carroll County Maryland Code of Public Local Laws and Ordinances, §223-2. 56 Ibid,§59-E. 57 Howard County ZTA No. 12-07. 58 Anne Arundel County Office of Planning and Zoning, Article 18. Zoning, §18.1.101, 11. 59 Anne Arundel County Office of Planning and Zoning, Article 18. Zoning, §18.10.104. 60 Anne Arundel County Office of Planning and Zoning, Article 18. Zoning, §18.11.106. 61 Ibid, §18.11.107. 62 Ibid, §18.11.159. 63 Baltimore City Department of Legislative Reference, Zoning Code of Baltimore City, §1.146, 14. 64 Baltimore City Department of Legislative Reference, Zoning Code of Baltimore City, §6.308, 175–76. 65 Ibid, §6.408, 187. 66 Ibid, §6.508, 195. 67 Ibid, §6.608, 200. 68 Ibid, §7.307, 221. 69 Baltimore City Department of Legislative Reference, Zoning Code of Baltimore City, §14.402, 398. 71 Ibid. 72 E-Code 360, Code: The Regulations of Baltimore County, MD, §405.2. 73 E-Code 360, Code: The Regulations of Baltimore County, MD, §405.4. 74 Ibid. 75 Carroll County Maryland Code of Public Local Laws and Ordinances, §223-2. 76American Legal Publishing Corporation, Frederick County, Maryland Code of Ordinances, §1-19-11.100. 77 American Legal Publishing Corporation, Frederick County, Maryland Code of Ordinances, §1-19-8.211. 78 Ibid, §1-19-8.406. 79 Harford County, Maryland Department of Planning and Zoning, Zoning Code, §267-4, 16. 80 Harford County, Maryland Department of Planning and Zoning, Zoning Code, §267-58, 175-6. 81 Ibid, §267-4, 16. 82 Harford County, Maryland Department of Planning and Zoning, Zoning Code, §267-4, 16. 83 Howard County Department of Planning and Zoning, Zoning Regulations, §103.A.93, 24. 84 Howard County Department of Planning and Zoning, Zoning Regulations, §117.1.C, 123. 85 Ibid, §127.G, 202. 86 Howard County Department of Planning and Zoning, Zoning Regulations, §131.N.25, 290–91. 87 Howard County Department of Planning and Zoning, Zoning Regulations, 4–8. 88 Howard County Department of Planning and Zoning, PlanHoward 2030, 58. 89 Ibid, 160. 90 American Legal Publishing Corporation, Montgomery County Code, §59-A-2.1. 91 American Legal Publishing Corporation, Montgomery County Code, §59-G. 92 American Legal Publishing Corporation, Montgomery County Code, §59-G-2.06. 93 American Legal Publishing Corporation, Montgomery County Code, §59-G-2.28. 94 Ibid, §59-F. 
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