Table 2: Horizontal state aid 2012- 2014
Graph nr. 1:Instruments of state aid in 2014
Table 3: Sectorial aid 2012- 2014
For further information on state aid please see Chapter 8 “Competition, part on State Aid”.
2.4 Trade integration
Albania’s merchandise trade during 2014 reached 808 billion ALL, with an increase of 5.8%. During 2014, the total merchandise trade was composed 68.3% from imports and 31.7% from exports. During this period exports reached the value of 255 billion ALL, with an increase of 3.8% annually, and imports reached the value of 552 billion ALL, with an increase of 6.8% annually. Meanwhile, during the first two months of 2015, exports decreased by 6.8% annually whereas imports of goods registered a slight decrease of 0.2%. The export to import coverage ratio was 48.1% and the total merchandise trade for the first two months of 2015 decreased slightly.
Exports by commodity group
Minerals, fuels and electricity constitute 33.6% of the total of exports in 2014, with a decrease of about 13.3% compared to its value in 2013. Textiles and footwear remain a considerable sector which occupies 33.6 % of total exports. Construction materials and metals constitute about 14.5% of total exports with an increase of about 2.4%, and food, beverages, tobacco cover 6.6 % of total exports with a considerable increase compared to 2013. During the first two months of 2015, textiles and footwear exports remain the dominant sector of the exporting activity whereas exports of minerals, fuels and electricity have fallen sharply due to the drop of oil prices in international markets.
Exports by destination countries
Exports of goods to EU countries reached the value of 197 billion ALL or 77.3% of total exports, with an increase of 4.8% compared to its cumulative value in 2013. Imports of goods reached the value of 331 billion ALL or 60.0 % of total imports, with an increase of 1.3% compared to the same period of previous year. The country primarily exports to Italy, Spain, Kosovo, Turkey and Greece. Exports of goods to CEFTA countries reached the value of 29 billion ALL with an increase of 12.3 annually whereas imports of goods reached of 49 billion ALL with an increase of 22.2% compared to the previous year.
Table 16: Statistics from June 2014- February 2015
Months/Year*
|
Export
|
Import
|
Trade balance
|
Percentage of cover
|
01 - 14
|
17,869
|
34,922
|
-17,053
|
51.2
|
02 - 14
|
20,304
|
39,193
|
-18,890
|
51.8
|
03 - 14
|
21,302
|
42,478
|
-21,176
|
50.1
|
04 - 14
|
22,720
|
44,308
|
-21,588
|
51.3
|
05 - 14
|
25,317
|
48,241
|
-22,924
|
52.5
|
06 - 14
|
22,490
|
49,351
|
-26,860
|
45.6
|
07 - 14
|
22,911
|
47,158
|
-24,247
|
48.6
|
08 - 14
|
18,582
|
44,601
|
-26,020
|
41.7
|
09 - 14
|
21,324
|
47,402
|
-26,078
|
45.0
|
10 - 14
|
22,269
|
52,423
|
-30,154
|
42.5
|
11 - 14
|
21,380
|
48,080
|
-26,700
|
44.5
|
12 - 14
|
19,290
|
54,105
|
-34,815
|
35.7
|
01 - 15
|
17,763
|
35,225
|
-17,462
|
50.4
|
02 - 15
|
17,815
|
38,762
|
-20,947
|
46.0
|
Source: INSTAT
2.5 Real Exchange Rate
The nominal effective exchange rate (NEER) has appreciated 2.5% annually in the Q2 2014. NEER is calculated based on ALL/USD and ALL/EUR exchange rate and reflected their respective performance accounting for trade partners. The continuous appreciation of NEER is caused mostly from the appreciation of ALL towards US dollar. ALL appreciated against the US dollar by 5.3% annually, in line with the EUR/USD performance in the international markets. The ALL as appreciated annually by 0.5% against Euro. Despite the trade deficit widening during this period, the supply and demand conditions for foreign currency appeared balanced. Dynamics within Q2 showed a slight appreciation of Albanian ALL against EUR (0.25% q-o-q), reflecting an end of period seasonal effect, which turned out to be weaker in June 2013 due to the parliamentary elections.
III. ABILITY TO ASSUME THE OBLIGATIONS OF MEMBERSHIP
CHAPTER 1: FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS
Key achievements
1,456 European and International standards were adopteed as Albanian ones. A total of 1,189 Albanian standards were sold during the reporting period and 1,046 out of these were European standards mainly from CEN and CENELEC.Regarding approxximation of legislation, the Law nr. 116/2014 of 11.09.2014 on accreditation and market surveillance was adopted which fully alignes with Regulation (EC) No 765/2008 as well as the DCM No 220 of 11.3.2015 on eco label was endorsed which partially alignes the Regulation 66/2010/EU. Also, a decision on textile fibre names and related labelling and marking of the fibre composition of textile products is already drafted and sent for comments and suggestions. This draft intends to traspose partially the Regulation 1007/2011/EU. Preparations for the transposition of REACH 1907/2006/EC and Regulation 1272/2008/ EC are progressing. Furthermore, two testing laboratories and one management system certification were accredited as well as two testing laboratories were reaccredited.
1.1 Horizontal Issues
The Ministry responsible for trade has continued its leading role on the transposition of the Chapter 1 of acquis, providing expertise in pieces of legislation such as on chemicals, eco label, accreditation, metrology, including other legislation related to principles of free movement of goods.
The National Plan for European Integration for chapter 1 leaded from Ministry responsible for trade was finalized. , which actually is in Council of Ministers for final approval.
The Strategy on Consumer Protection and Market Surveillance (including Quality Infrastructure) is still pending approval by the Council of Ministers.
In the area of market surveillance, the preparations for the establishment of the new relevant structure under Ministry of Economic Development, Trade, Tourism and Entrepreneurship (MEDTTE) are ongoing. It’s expected that the new market surveillance structure and metrology institution will be a single authority under MEDTTE, and the relevant necessary amendments of the low on metrology are sent to the parliament.
Further progress is noted in market surveillance of measurement instruments, pre packed products, fertilizers and in the area of medical devices.
1.1.1 Standardisation
The General Directorate of Standardisation adopted a total of 1,456 European and International standards as Albanian ones, specifically:
-
597 CEN standards (European Committee for Standardisation);
-
149 CENELEC standards (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation);
-
523 ETSI standards (European Telecommunications Standards Institute);
-
99 ISO standards (International Organisation for Standardisation);
-
88 IEC standards (International Electrotechnical Commission).
GDS adopted:
-
112 amendments;
-
76 standardization documents.
Adoption follows “cover page” only.
Any standardisation event is posted on GDS website www.dps.gov.al, including meetings and documents approved by the Managing Board and Technical Board, legislation, 6-month work programme, bulletin and online Catalogue of Albanian Standards. Press articles are posted there and a column with the newly-adopted standards.
GDS database and website provide information on the status an scope of standards (also date of publication, number of pages and price) and on the technical committees. The 2014 Catalogue of Albanian Standards and the 3 Bulletins are available in printed format and electronically on the website; these are handed over to interested parties along with promotional booklets and brochures.
Meetings with university students in Tirana and Shkodra and with private companies were held during this period.
A total of 1,189 Albanian standards were sold during the reporting period, with 1,046 being European standards (EN) mainly from CEN and CENELEC.
The graph below indicates the state of play and origins of standards:
Total number of standards
|
Origin
|
S SH
|
S SH EN
|
S SH ISO+IEC
|
Others
|
Total
|
Standards
|
3,022
|
19,184
|
3,020
|
689
|
25,915
|
1.1.2 Accreditation
A new Law No 116/2014 of 11.09.2014 “On accreditation of conformity assessment bodies in the Republic of Albania” was adopted. It fully aligns with Regulation (EC) No 765/2008 setting out the requirements for accreditation and market surveillance relating to the marketing of products and repealing Regulation (EEC) No 339/93. Five implementing regulations to the Law No 116/2014 are drafted and scheduled to be approved over the first half of 2015.
The General Directorate of Accreditation (GDA) applied for full membership to the European Cooperation for Accreditation (EA) on 30 January 2015. According to EA- MAC (EA-Multilateral Agreement Council) agenda, GDA’s application has been reviewed recently in the EA MAC meeting on 22 April 2015. Nevertheless, the final decision is expected to be taken in May 2015 by EA General Assembly.
In the context of signing the EA Multilateral Agreement for Testing Laboratories according to ISO/IEC 17025, an EA peer evaluation team carried out an assessment visit to GDA on 23 – 27 February 2015. It concluded that GDA operates in compliance with international standards and proposed that GDA becomes a signatory to the abovementioned Agreement, provided that it corrects 12 findings (seven non-conformities, three concerns and two comments). The GDA analysed the findings, designed and implemented corrective measures and duly informed the EA peer evaluation team on these measures on 31 March 2015.
GDA management system was improved by bringing it in line with the new Law No 116/2014 and with new EA, ILAC and IAF documents. The revised management system documentation was published at the GDA intranet. GDA informed the applicants and accredited conformity assessment bodies on the revised policies and procedures. The management review meeting held in January defined the 2015 objectives and corrective and preventive actions.
During the reporting period, there were carried out 13 internal audits according to ISO/IEC 17011. The GDA management system was subject to peer evaluation team as well.
The Accreditation Board was recomposed and approved by Order of Minister of Economic Development, Tourism, Trade and Entrepreneurship. The Accreditation Board held two meetings in January and February 2015 focused on the appointment of the chair of the Board, assessment of the progress achieved in 2014, designing of the 2015 objectives and complaints and appeal procedure.
The testing and calibration technical committee held three meetings during the reporting period, providing recommendations on the accreditation process. It examined and endorsed the new management system documents prepared in 2014 and 2015.
Four initial assessments and 10 surveillance visits took place during the reporting period. 19 new applications were filed (two medical laboratories, 16 testing laboratories and one personnel certification body). Two management system certification bodies and one inspection body applied for extension of accreditation scope.
Two testing laboratories and one management system certification were accredited over the same period. Two testing laboratories were reaccredited. The accreditation status for two testing laboratories was suspended due to noncompliance with accreditation requirements. One testing laboratory requested self-withdrawal which was approved by DPA.
In total, 38 conformity assessment bodies are accredited in Albania:
-
23 laboratories (22 testing laboratories and one medical one);
-
12 inspection bodies;
-
two management system certification bodies;
-
one personnel certification body.
The seminar “Confidence through Accreditation”was organised by GDA in September 2014. It aimed at presenting the stakeholders with the role and importance of voluntary and mandatory accreditation and the GDA responsibility for the accreditation of medical laboratories. Approximately 120 participants attended this event (representatives from accredited bodies, public institutions, companies, professional associations and consumer protection associations). GDA provided participants with publications. Three interviews on accreditation were broadcast in TV in the scope of this event.
GDA participated in two national fairs in Gjirokastra in 2014 and Tirana in December 2014.
Five training courses were organized during the reporting period, two courses by the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), two by the TAIEX and one by the GDA Training Center, focused on quality of calibration results (internal and external quality control), food testing laboratories for official control and requirements for testing and calibration of laboratories on ISO/IEC 17025 and on ISO 15189. In total, 30 lead and technical assessors and 25 candidates for technical assessors participated in these trainings.
The training held by the GDA Training Centre focused on the role and duties of the lead assessor according of the ISO/IEC17025 standard. 15 candidates for lead assessor participated in this training.
1.1.4 Metrology
The draft law was endorsed by the Decision of Council of Ministers of 18.3.2015 "On metrology" intended to bring market surveillance and metrology under the same authority, and extend compliance with the general principles of placing on the market of CE marking products. The draft law was submitted to the Parliament for approval
Draft decision transposing the Directive 2004/22/EEC on measuring instruments (MID) is pending approval by the Council of Ministers.
Equipment acquired through BERIS and IPA 2008 were transferred to the new facility and are fully functional. The issue of payment of warehousing of IPA 2008 equipment in Italy was permanently solved. Regional cooperation expanded and cooperation agreements were signed with the Institute of Metrology of Kosovo (AMK) and the Turkish Institute of Metrology – TUBITAK-UME. Collaboration with Consumer Protection Associations, “Consumer in focus”, Polytechnic University of Tirana, University of Tirana and Construction Institute has been further intensified.
GDM provided 11,562 clients with verification and calibration service for measuring instruments. Revenue acquired from metrological services during the reporting period amount to 507,142 Euro. 28,076 measuring instruments were verified and calibrated during the reporting period.
Actually, four laboratories in the area of Mass, Force, Pressure and small volumes laboratories are awaiting accreditation by the accreditation body signatory of MLA with EA.
GDM participated in three inter-laboratory comparisons organized by EURAMET.
1.1.5 Market Surveillance
It was agreed that MEDTTE will be in charge of most products placed on the market, including intellectual property issues and quality control of gas and fuel for human consumption.
However, this requires legal modifications; relevant amendments transferring the inspection responsibilities from the old ministry to the new one competent for trade are pending adoption in parliament.
In order to maximize the use of resources, it is foreseen that market surveillance and metrology will be as single authority under MEDTE. In this view, MEDTE drafted the relevant amendments which are sent in parliament for final adoption.
MEDTTE supported by GIZ project has prepared the report “On the establishment of market surveillance system in Albania” which will serve as an advisory document for the new staff of this inspectorate. Part of this report is even the functional organization including job descriptions, requirement of new hired staff. Since the authority will be established, a series of training for inspectors are foreseen, supported by GIZ project on horizontal legislation, standard operational procedures, methodology on risk assessment and other areas as needed.
In the area of market surveillance of measurement instrument, during the reporting period were inspected 2458 fuel dispensers, 31 out of which are blocked, 1238 standard capacity measures, 1526 electronic balances, 50 taximeters, 46 length measuring instruments, 55 flow meters and 71 weighing road vehicles. In the area of pre-packed products were inspected 963 pre-packed products, 18 out of which were noted non conformities and remedied from the traders.
In the area of RTTE, Electronic Communication Agency (ECA) has been carried out about 20 inspection and no non-comformities were found. During the reported period, ECA granted 2 recognition of conformity for radios in the non-harmonized frequencies (57-64 GHz).
In the area of fertilizers, were carried out 1088 inspections from Nation Food Authority and are putted 8 fines, given 7 warnings as well as were blocked totally 73.5 quintals of fertilizers as a consequence of infringement of the relevant legislation related the packaging label in Albanian language, missing of required parameters in the labelling of fertilizers, missing of CE marking and unrecorded by the Committee of Registration and Evaluation of Fertilizers Used in vegetation or of selection, organization and storing of fertilizers not according the legislation.
Under the new law on medical devices, the enforcement body is National Agency for Drugs control and Medical Devices and during the reporting period all medical devices placed on the market are CE marking and conform the legislation.
1.2 Old Approach Directives
1.2.2 Chemicals
(reference to chapter 4.27.9. CHEMICALS)
During the reported period, Ministry of Environment has prepared a legal package as follows:
-
Draft law on “Chemicals”, which partially approximate the Regulation 1907/2006/EC on "Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals” (REACH) and Regulation no 1272/2008/EC “On the Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and mixtures” (CLP). The draft law will be sent for comments to line ministries on 30 May 2015. Its adoption is foreseen in the third quarter of 2015.
-
Draft Decision “On the classification, packaging and labelling of chemicals”, that partially approximate Regulation No. 1272/2008/EC “On the classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures” (CLP). Based on the National Plan for European Integration 2014-2020 adoption of this DCM is foreseen in the fourth quarter of 2015.
-
Draft decision “On import and export of dangerous substances”, which aim to approximate EC Regulation no. 649/2012 on export and import of dangerous chemicals. Based on the National Plan for European Integration 2014-2020 adoption of this DCM is foreseen in the fourth quarter of 2015.
-
Draft Decision “On safety data sheets, substances of very high concern and restrictions” partially approximate Annexes I-XVII of Regulation 1907/2006/EC on “Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals” (REACH). Adoption of this DCM is foreseen in the fourth quarter of 2015.
-
Draft Decision “On approval of the list of Persistent Organic Pollutants and determining measures on manufacture, import, placing on the market and their use”, aiming to approximate Parliament and the European Council Regulation 850/2004/EC on persistent organic pollutants, amended by Regulation 519/2012/EC.
Draft decision is submitted to CoM for adoption. Adoption of this DCM is foreseen in the second quarter of 2015.
During the reporting period Albanian representatives participated in the following activities related Chemicals:
-
Second Regional workshop “Capacity building on compliance with chemicals legislation, with emphasis on REACH/CLP linked to IED – Procedures” held on 02-04 December 2014, in Tirana. The Workshop was organized under ECRAN Project, component of Chemicals/IED WG. Representatives from Ministry of Environment, National Environmental Agency, Ministry of Health and Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Economic Development, Tourism, Trade and Entrepreneurship participated in the workshop.
-
Second Annual Meeting of the “Chemicals/Industrial Emission Directive” Working Group, in Vienna on 10 February 2015. Global Workshop “On review and update of National Action Plan in frame of Stockholm Convention”, held on 17-19 February 2015, in Bratislava, Slovakia.
-
Regional joint meeting on environmental sound management and illegal traffic of chemicals and hazardous waste in the Mediterranean, held in Istanbul, Turkey 7-9 April 2015. The meeting was organized by UNEP/MAP and the H2020 Programme of work (PoW), under the MedPartnership project, the UNEP/MAP Secretariat (MED POL) in collaboration with the Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions Secretariat. Regional Preparatory workshop with Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm Convention Parties and workshop to support ratification and effective implementation of Minamata Convention, on Mercury, held on 8-10 April 2015, in Bratislava, Slovakia. TAIEX Expert Mission “Assistance in developing of the Law on Chemicals Management”, based on the European Union Regulation for chemicals REACH No. 1907/2006, was held on 25-28 November 2014;
-
TAIEX Expert Mission “Assistance in developing of the draft decision “On Classification, packaging, labelling of chemical substances and mixtures”, based on the European Union Regulation for CLP No. 1272/2008, was held on 13-16 January 2015;
-
TAIEX Expert Mission “Assistance in developing of the draft decision “On import and export of chemical substances and mixtures”, based on the European Union Regulation for import-export No. 649/2012, was held on 27-30 January 2015;
-
TAIEX Expert Mission “Assistance in developing of the draft decision "List of hazardous substances which from their nature poses a serious risk to human life and health and the environment”, based on the Annex XIV of the European Union Regulation for chemicals REACH No 1907/2006, was held on 10-13 February 2015;
-
TAIEX Expert Mission “Assistance in developing of the draft decision “On approval of substances and chemical mixtures, production, placing on the market and use of which is restricted or prohibited”, based on the Annex XVII of the European Union Regulation for chemicals REACH No 1907/2006, is planned to be held on 24-27 March 2015.
Representatives from the Ministry of Economic Development, Tourism, Trade and Entrepreneurship, Ministry of Health, Public Health Institute, Ministry of Energy and Industry, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Water Administration, National Environment Agency, General Directorate of Customs and the National Licensing Center participated in these meetings.
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