Ap euro student study materials review Outline 1450-1991 Renaissance The Italian Renaissance
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- Nazi Aggression and Appeasement
- May 10, 1940 – Invasion of the Netherlands and Belgium
- The Nazi Invasion of Russia
- Allied Invasion of Italy
- The Peace Conferences
The Spanish Civil WarKing Alfonso XIII abdicated in 1931 Spain officially became a republic In 1936 elections were held
Left Socialist Communist Anarchist Republicans
Monarchist Clerics Militarist Fascist The Left won and a rebellion occurred Britain, France and the U.S. placed an embargo on weapons so war would not spread Italy, Germany and USSR got directly involved
Nazis used Spain as a land to test their new weapons such as carpet bombing and blitzkrieg warfare Nazis bombed the town of Guernica
Alfred Rosenberg – came up with “radical science” or the whole idea that the Aryan race is superior Gestapo – the Nazi secret police Music of Wagner was incredibly patriotic and favored by Adolf Hitler 1934 – Non-Aggression Pact with Poland was signed 1935 – Build-up of Nazi Military 1936 – Hitler repudiated the Locarno Pact Rhineland was once again remilitarized March 1938 – Anschluss (Unification of Germany and Austria) completed September 1938 – The Munich Crisis and Appeasement – Germans wanted to control the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia Neville Chamberlain, Edouand Daladier, Mussolini, and Hitler all met and they decided to give Hitler the Sudetenland 1939 – Hitler drew Germany out of League of Nations and the Disarmament Conference March 1939 – Hitler took all of Czechoslovakia August 1939 – The Non-Aggression Pact with USSR was signed, thus renouncing the pact with Poland September 1, 1939 – Blitzkrieg warfare was introduced. Hitler invaded Poland September 3, 1939 – World War II began November 1939 – Russians invaded Finland Sept 1939 to April 1940 – The Phony War (Sitzkrieg) occurred because no one was actually fighting April 9, 1940 – Invasion of Denmark and Norway April – May 1940 – Reynaud and Winston Churchill take control of France and Britain May 10, 1940 – Invasion of the Netherlands and BelgiumMay – June 22, 1940 – Attack at Dunkirk (May 29-June 4) Paris was captured Vichy regime started Germans attempted to invade Britain by Operation Sea Lion, but were unsuccessful Britain acquired new technologies, which stopped Nazi advancement towards the isles - radar and ultra decoding The Battle of Britain saved England from Operation Sea Lion The Nazi Invasion of RussiaIn June 22, 1941, Germany focused attention on Russia and launched Operation Barbarossa Britain-Soviet-US economical alliance, the Lend Lease Act (March 1941) allowed U.S. to supply materials to any country whose defense was deemed essential for the protection of America Nazis returned to submarine warfare. This time they attacked in “wolf packs.” Nazis choked off Russians at the Battle of Stalingrad, but were defeated by the winter. This was the first, and greatest, German loss. Allied Invasion of ItalyThe invasion of Sicily began July 10, 1943 Mussolini resigned In September 12, 1943, the Nazis returned Mussolini to power In May 1945, Mussolini attempted to escape Italy and was caught and killed Allied Invasion of France (Normandy)Operation Overlord occurred June 6, 1944 A false telegram was sent to divert German troops The largest amphibious assault occurred on the beaches of Normandy This is known as D-Day The Peace ConferencesCasablanca (January 1943) – Roosevelt and Churchill decided on the terms of unconditional surrender for GermanyTeheran (December 1943) – The Big Three (Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt) met for the first time and discussed: Postwar occupations Demilitarization of Germany Creating an international peace organization How to win the war
The fate of eastern countries The re-creation of Poland The foundation of the United Nations Future of Germany and Japan On April 30, Hitler commited suicide Germany surrendered May 7. Known as V-E Day
Communists often rigged “Self-determination” elections. They forced other countries to become communists and submit to the USSR. Winston Churchill (1946) – said that “An Iron Curtain” had fallen upon Europe Josip Broz (Tito) – Yugoslavian who turned Yugoslavia communist, but didn’t unite with the USSR Truman Doctrine – March 12, 1947 – “it is the policy of the United States to support free people resisting subjugation by an armed minority or an outside force.” U.S. will send troops to help any non-communist nation to stop the spread of communism. The Marshall Plan (1947) – U.S. will lend any country money and equipment to rebuild their country. Germany was divided as of 1949 into The Federal Republic of Germany (West) The German Democratic Republic (East) The city of Berlin was divided between the Allies and the Soviets as well. Since Berlin was in the USSR part of Germany, Stalin attempted to choke off the West by cutting off all the roads Airlifts were provided to supply the city of West Berlin (1948-49)
The Berlin Wall was built in 1961 to separate West and East Berlin Germany was reunified in 1989
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