Arabic & Fársí transcription list and glossary for Bahá’ís Contents

T.. .

Ta Ṭá (Ṭihrán “the dayspring of glory”—from the first letter of the name)

Ta’ Marbuta Tá’ Marbúṭa largely silent letter. Position is always at the end of a word that is usually feminine. Written in Arabic as a t (the letter tá’) if followed by a vowel; as an h (the letter há’) if it is the final letter. The tá’ marbúṭa ending in some listed words is indicated by a letter ‘h’, ‘t’ or “h or t” added inside brackets.

Ta’ Tá’ Arabic letter

Ta’ah Ṭá‘ah obedience (to God)

Ta’ala Ta‘álá to rise, become high; the exalted (form V of ‘alá and a root of ‘Alí)

Ta’am, At’ima Ṭa‘ám, pl. Aṭ‘ima food, nourishment, nutriment, fare, diet; meal, repast

Ta’aruf, T’aruf (Ta’arof, T’arof, Tarof) Ta‘áruf, T‘áruf Pers. knowing one another; mutual acquaintance; recognition; rule, fashion, custom. Behaviour that is appropriate and customary. Persian form of civility emphasizing both deference and social rank. The term encompasses a range of social behaviours; one example of ta‘áruf could be described as posing false invitations and promising future services or deeds to primarily strangers or distant relatives and expecting them not to take the offer and keep declining it. Also described as a form of ritual politeness. It has been corrupted in Iran and now denotes ceremonial insincerity.

Ta’if Ṭá’if city 70 km east of Mecca

Ta’ifa, Tawa’if Ṭá’ifa, pl. Ṭawá’if sect

Ta’ir, Ta’irat, Tair Ṭá’ir, pl. Ṭá’irát, Ṭair flying; flyer, aviator, pilot; (pl. ṭair) bird; omen, presage

Ta’lim, Talimat Ta‘lím, pl. Talimát information, advice, instruction, direction; teaching, instruction; training, schooling, education; apprenticeship;—pl. instructions, directions, directives; information, announcements

Ta’rif, Ta’rifat Ta‘ríf, pl. Ta‘rífát, Ta‘áríf announcement, notification, communication, information; instruction, direction; (social) introduction; definition, determination, identification, specification, characterization; a rendering definite (grammar)

Ta’rikh, Tarikh, Tawarikh Ta’ríkh, Táríkh, pl. Tawáríkh dating (of a letter, etc.); date; time; history; chronicle, annals

Ta’us, Tawus, Tawawis Ṭá’ús, Ṭáwús, pl. Ṭawáwís peacock

Ta’wil, Ta’vil, Ta’wilat Ta’wíl, Pers. Ta’víl, Ar. pl. Ta’wílát interpretation, explanation. Also allegorical interpretation—”hidden meaning”

Ta’yid Ta’yíd corroboration, confirmation, endorsement, backing, support. Ta’yíd Boys’ School, Hamadán (Bahá’í)

Ta’ziya, Ta’ziyih, Ta’azin Ta‘zíya, Pers. also Ta‘zíyih, pl. Ta‘ázin consolation, solace, comfort; condolence or expression of grief. (Ta’zieh, Ta‘zíya, Tazía or Ta’ziyeh). It comes from root words for mourning. In Persian cultural reference it is categorized as Condolence Theater or Passion Play inspired by a historical and religious event, the tragic death of Husayn, symbolizing epic spirit and resistance. Ta‘zíyihs in PDC, p. 93, is a hybrid “plural”.

Taba, Tawb (Taub), Tawba, Matab Tába (Tawb, Tawba, Matáb) to repent, be penitent, do penance. Tawba (tauba)

Taban Tábán Pers. light, luminous, resplendent, radiant, dazzling, brilliant, shining, glittering; a gleam, flash; pith of a tree

Tabandih Tábandih Pers. light-giver, radiant, shining, brilliant, luminous. “Tabandeh”. Name ‘Abdu’l-Bahá gave to Mrs Hinkle Smith, Philadelphia

Tabaqa, Tabaqat Ṭabaqa, pl. Ṭabaqát layer; stratum (of earth, air, society, etc.); floor, story (of a building); class, category; generation

Tabaraka Tabáraka God bless …!, to be blessed

Tabari Ṭabarí Muḥammad Ibn Jarír (historian)

Tabaristan Ṭabaristán now Mázindarán

Tabarra Tabarrá a doctrine that obliges disassociation with those who oppose God and those who caused harm to and were the enemies of the Islamic prophet Muḥammad or his family

Tabarsi Ṭabarsí from Ṭabaristán, a former name of Mázindarán. Shrine of Shaykh Ṭabarsí, a local saint, 13 km south of Bábul, Mázindarán province, Iran. Scene of the siege of the Bábís. Shrine is possibly in an area called Kishtlih (Keshtley)

Tabas Ṭabas (Formerly Golshan or Gulshán) city in South Khurásán Province, Iran. 260 km NE of Yazd.

Tabasha Tabásha non-existent “word”. See Tamásha

Tabataba Ṭabáṭabá surname of the great-great-grandson of Imám ‘Alí, Ismá‘íl bin Ibráhím, on account of his pronouncing the letter ق (q) like ط (ṭ). Possible meaning: a man of high rank or high esteem.

Tabataba’i Ṭabáṭabá’í a descendent of Ṭabáṭabá

Tabi, Taba’a, Tubba Tábi‘, pl. Taba‘a, Tubbá‘ following, succeeding, subsequent; subsidiary, dependent; minor, secondary

Tabi’a al-Kulliya aṭ-Ṭabí‘a al-Kullíya the universal nature

Tabi’a, Taba’i’ Ṭabí‘a(t), pl. Ṭabá’i‘ nature; natural disposition, constitution; peculiarity, individuality, character; regular, normal manner; physics; natural science

Tabi’a, Taba’i’ Ṭabí‘a(t), pl. Ṭabá’i‘ nature; natural disposition, constitution; peculiarity, individuality, character; regular, normal manner; physics; natural science

Tabi’i Tabi‘í follower

Tabi’un Tábi‘ún “followers” are the generation of Muslims born after the death of Muḥammad—were contemporaries of the aṣ-Ṣaḥába (Companions of the Prophet Muḥammad)

Tabib, Atibba Ṭabíb, pl. Aṭibba physician, doctor

Tabistan Tábistán Pers. summer, hot weather

Tabligh, Tablighat Tablígh, pl. Tablíghát conveyance, transmission, delivery (to someone); information (about); report, notification (of); communication, announcement, notice. Translated as “teaching” by Shoghi Effendi. Word used instead of tabshír (“mission”, latin mittere) or da‘wa (“invitatory proclamation”)

Tablighat-i-Islami Tablíghát-i-Islámí Islamic propaganda group MUHJ 1963–86

Tabriz, Tibriz, Tawriz (Tauriz) Tabríz, Tibríz (Tawríz) Pers. capital of Ádharbayján Province, Iran. Earlier name: Tawríz (Tauris). Tabríz: causing to come forth; calling forth, challenging; bringing to view, showing openly. Tibríz: a table, a round piece of leather on which they lay victuals; a sofa, bench.

Tabrizi Tabrízí Pers. of or belonging to Tabŕz

Tabuk (Tabouk) Tabúk a large platter, tray, dish. An ancient city in nw Saudi Arabia. Famous for its association with an expedition led by Muḥammad to the city in AH 8 (AD 630), during very hot weather.

Tabur, Tawabir Ṭábúr, pl. Ṭawábír battalion; (e.g.) line, file, single file (of soldiers, of persons walking one behind the other); queue. Yaḥyá Ṭábúr Áqásí

Tadhkirat, Tadhkira, Tadjkara Tadhkirat, Tadhkira, Tadhkara memory, remembrance; anything that aids the memory (as a knot tied on the pocket handkerchief); biographical memoir, biography; a billet, schedule, obligation, handwriting; official note

Tadhkiratu’l-Vafa’ Tadhkiratu’l-Vafá’ The Memorials of the Faithful (‘Abdu’l-Bahá)

Tadwin (Tadvin) Tadwín recording, writing down; entry, listing. booking; registering, registration

Tadzhikistan Tádzhíkistán The Republic of Tajikistan

Taff Ṭaff land of (the plain of Karbilá near where Imám Ḥusayn was martyred.)

Tafrish Tafrish city (in Markazí Province) 170 km sw of Ṭihrán. Memorials of the Faithful incorrectly uses Tafrísh

Tafsir, Tafasir Tafsír, pl. Tafásír commentary or sermon, emphasizes the interpretations of other words of God. Commentary or exegesis of whole or part of the Qur’án

Tafsir-i-Bismi’llah Tafsír-i-Bismi’lláh “Commentary on Bismi’lláh” (by the Báb)

Tafsir-i-Bismi’llahi’r-Rahmani’r-Rahim Tafsír-i-Bismi’lláhi’r-Raḥmáni’r-Raḥím (by ‘Abdu’l-Bahá)

Tafsir-i-Ha’ Tafsír-i-Há’ “Commentary on the Letter Há” (by Báb)

Tafsir-i-Hu Tafsír-i-Hú (Commentary on “He is”) (by Bahá’u’lláh)

Tafsir-i-Hurufat-i-Muqatta’ih Tafsír-i-Ḥurúfát-i-Muqaṭṭa‘ih “Interpretation of the Isolated Letters” (by Bahá’u’lláh)

Tafsir-i-Kuntu Kanzan Makhfiyyan Tafsír-i-Kuntu Kanzan Makhfiyyan Commentary on “I was a Hidden Treasure” (by ‘Abdu’l-Bahá)

Tafsir-i-Nubuvvat-i-Khassih Tafsír-i-Nubuvvat-i-Kháṣṣih “Commentary on the specific mission (of Muḥammad)” (by the Báb)

Tafsir-i-Sirr-i-Ha’ Tafsír-i-Sirr-i-Há’ “Commentary on the Mystery of Há’” (by the Báb)

Tafsir-i-Suriy-i-Baqarih Tafsír-i-Súriy-i-Baqarih I & II Commentary on the Súrih of the Cow I & II (by the Báb)

Tafsir-i-Suriy-i-Kawthar Tafsír-i-Súriy-i-Kawthar “Commentary on the Súrah of Abundance” (by the Báb)

Tafsir-i-Suriy-i-Va’l-’Asr Tafsír-i-Súriy-i-Va’l-‘Aṣr “Commentary on the Súrah of the Afternoon” (Qur’án súrih 103) (by the Báb)

Tafsir-i-Suriy-i-Va’sh-Shams Tafsír-i-Súriy-i-Va’sh-Shams “Commentary on the Súrah of the Sun”, Tablet to Shaykh Mahmúd (by Bahá’u’lláh)

Tafsir-i-Suriy-i-Yusif Tafsír-i-Súriy-i-Yúsif “Commentary on the Súrih of Joseph”, commonly referred to as Qayyúmu’l-Asmá’ (by the Báb)

Taft Taft city 22 km sw of Yazd, Iran

Tafti Taftí from Taft

Taghabun Taghábun mutual deception or cheating; disillusion; defrauding, cheating one another

Taghút Ṭághút an idol, a false god; seducer, tempter (to error); evil that exceeds all bounds

Tahaddin, Tahaddiyat Taḥaddin, pl. Taḥaddiyát challenge, provocation. A verb Form V may be Taḥaddí

Tahashshum and Ihtiasham Taḥashshum and Iḥtishám shame, shyness, modesty, reticent, decency, decorum

Tahir, Tahira, Tahirih, Athar Ṭáhir, fem. Ṭáhira, pl. Aṭhár clean, pure; chaste, modest, virtuous. “The pure one”. Pers. also Ṭáhirih, a title bestowed by Jináb-i-Bahá (the Báb) on Fáṭimih Umm-Salámih, also known by the titles Qurratu’l-‘Ayn (Solace of the Eyes) and Zarrín-Táj (Crown of Gold).

Tahirzadih, Taherzadeh Ṭáhirzádih (“Son of the pure one”) Family name taken by a distinguished Bahá’í family of Yazd, e.g. Adib Taherzadeh (Adíb Ṭáhirzádih-i-Málmírí)

Tahlil, Tahalil Tahlíl, pl. Tahálíl utterance of the formula lá iláha illá lláh; rejoicing, exultation, jubilation; applause, acclamation, acclaim, cheering, cheers

Tahmasb Ṭahmásb Sháh The Dawn-Breakers, p. 644. Ṭahmásp on page 171 is an alternative spelling.

Tahmid Taḥmíd praising (God), thanking (God)

Tahqiq, Tahqiqi Taḥqíq realization, actualization, effectuation, implementation; fulfillment (of a claim, of a wish, etc.); achievement, accomplishment, execution; ascertainment, determination, identification, verification; substantiation; assertion, affirmation, confirmation; pinpointing, precise determination; exactness, accurateness, precision. Taḥqíqí

Tahrif, Tahrifat Taḥríf, pl. Taḥrífát alteration, change; distortion; perversion, corruption, esp. phonetic corruption of a word; forgery

Tahrim Taḥrím forbiddance, interdiction, prohibition, ban

Tahshiya Taḥshiya insertion; interpolation

Tahwil (Tahvil) Taḥwíl transformation, transmutation, conversion (into something); change, alteration, modification; transplantation; transposition, reversal, inversion, translocation, dislocation, displacement; transfer, assignment; conversion (e.g. of currency); conversion, transformation (of electric current)

Tahwil al-Qiblih, Tahwil-i-Qiblih Taḥwíl al-Qiblih, Pers. Taḥwíl-i-Qiblih change in the point of adoration

Taj (tajes), Tijan Táj, pl. Tíján crown; miter (of a bishop). Tájes used in GPB 347.

Taj-Abad Táj-Ábád DB 13

Tajalli, Tajalliyat or Tajalliyyat Tajallí, pl. Tajallíyát lustre, brightness, brilliancy; manifestation; transfiguration; splendour, glory; effulgence. “Effulgences”, Tablet by Bahá’u’lláh

Tajalliy-i-’Am Tajallíy-i-‘Ám “The Universal Revelation of God”

Tajalliy-i-Khass Tajallíy-i-Kháṣṣ “The Specific Revelation of God”

Tajalliy-i-Thani Tajallíy-i-Thání “The Secondary Revelation of God”

Tajik Tájik general designation for a wide range of Persian-speaking people of Iranian origin, with traditional homelands in present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.

Tajir, Tujjar, Tijar Tájir, pl. Tujjár, Tijár merchant, trader, businessman, dealer, tradesman

Tajwid Tajwíd saying, doing, or making good; doing well. The art of reciting the Qur’án, Qur’án reading (in accordance with established rules of pronunciation and intonation).

Takathur Takáthur growth, increase; multiplication, propagation, proliferation; (the act of) seeking to increase, to obtain more; vying to accumulate more.

Takbir Takbír enlargement, increase, augmentation, magnification; enhancement, aggrandizement; intensification, amplification; exaggeration; augmentative (grammar); praise, laudation, extolment, exaltation, glorification

Takfir Takfír expiation (of), atonement, penance (for a sin); seduction to infidelity; charge of unbelief; a formal denunciation by the ‘ulamá

Takhallus (Taqhallus) Takhallus Pers. pen name used by poets, often added to their name. A poet’s takhallus is often included towards the end of a ghazal written by him.

Takht Takht Pers. a royal throne, chair of state; a seat, sofa; a bed; any place raised above the ground for sleeping, sitting, or reclining; a saddle; a capital, the royal residence; a wardrobe, clothes-press, chest

Takht-i-Fulad Takht-i-Fúlád ‘the Throne of Steel’

Takht-i-Rawan, Takht-i-Ravan Takht-i-Rawán Pers. a travelling-bed, a litter with poles, like our sedan-chairs, but borne by mules; the throne of Solomon; an easy-paced horse; the sky; name of four stars in the constellation of the Bear. Raván is a village in Hamadan, Iran

Takiya (Takiyya), Takaya Takíya(h), pl. Takáyá monastery (of a Muslim order); hospice; home, asylum (for the invalided or needy). See takya

Takmil Takmíl completion, complementing, perfecting, perfection; conclusion, termination, windup; consummation, execution

Takmil-i-Din Takmíl-i-Dín perfection of religion

Takur (Takor, Takar) Tákur (Tákar) village 40 km south of Núr in the district of Núr. Bahá’u’lláh’s ancestral home.

Takwin (Takvin) Takwín Pers. (variation 2 of kún (Be!)), giving a being (kaun) or beginning to, causing to exist, originating, creating; genesis.

Takwir Takwír wrapping the turban round the head; throwing down; increasing, augmenting; heaping goods together and tying them in bales

Takya (Takyih) Takya Pers. a place of repose; an alcove; an elbow-chair; a pillow; anything upon which one leans, a prop; the reserve of an army; the place or abode of a faqír (a monastery-seminary, a religious establishment)

Takyiy-i-Mawlana Khalid Takyiy-i-Mawláná Khálid (theological seminary in Sulaymáníyyih)

Takyiy-i-Mawlavi Takyiy-i-Mawlaví a resting place for dervishes. In particular one near the Muradiye Mosque (Turkish: Muradiye Camii), nw side of Edirne

Tal’a Ṭal‘a(t) look(s), appearance, aspect, outward appearance, guise

Tal’at-i-A’la Ṭal‘at-i-A‘lá (“Most Exalted Countenance”) (a designation of the Báb)

Tala’i Ṭalá’í

Talaq Ṭaláq being divorced (a wife); divorce, repudiation

Talaqan Ṭalaqán birthplace of Ḥájí Mírzá Ḥasan

Talar Tálár Pers. architectural term for a throne cut from rock or a porch with columns. A river running into the Caspian Sea.

Talh, Talhun, Tuluh Ṭalḥ, Ṭalḥun, pl. Ṭulúḥ a variety of accacia (Acacia gummifera); banana tree; banana

Tali Tálí the fourth horse in a race (“lagged behind”); an old man, a religious chief; a follower.

Tali’, Tali’a, Tawali Ṭáli‘, fem. Ṭáli‘a, pl. Ṭawáli rising, ascending (especially a celestial body); star of destiny; ascendant, nativity

Talib,Tullab, Talaba, Taliban Ṭálib, pl. Ṭulláb, Ṭalaba, Pers. Ṭálibán seeker, pursuer; claimer, claimant; applicant, petitioner; candidate; student, scholar; madrassa student

Talih Ṭáliḥ bed, evil, wicked, vicious, depraved, villainous. Contrast with Ṣáliḥ.

Taliqan Ṭáliqán place near Teheran and possibly a village in Khurásán

Talkhis Talkhíṣ abridgement; condensation; summary, resume; epitome, abstract, synopsis, outline; brier, abort report

Talkhunchi’i Tálkhunchi’í from Talkhunchih (Talkhooncheh) village, neighbourhood of Iṣfahán (45 km ssw)

Tall, Tilal, Atlal, Tulul Tall, pl. Tilál, Atlál, Tulúl hill, elevation. Hebrew Tel; English Tell

Tall-i-Fakhkhar Tall-i-Fakhkhár “Hill of pottery” or Tel of ‘Akká. Also known as Napoleon’s Hill

Tam Tám Pers. few; small; little; weak

Tamaddun Tamaddun, Tamadyun civilization; refinement of social culture. Also, living in a large community or city.

Tamaddun’ul-Mulk Tamaddun’ul-Mulk a title (“Civilization of the Empire”) and name of a Bahá’í from Shíráz who travelled with ‘Abdu’l-Bahá as His translator. He was eventually declared a Covenant-Breaker by ‘Abdu’l-Bahá.

Tamasha (Tabasha) Tamáshá witnessing, sightseeing, delightful to look at. Mispronounced as Tabáshá by Ḥusayn Effendi—son of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá)

Tamashshi Tamashshí Pers. walking; performing, carrying out

Tamimat, Tamim Tamímat, pl. Tamím an amulet or charm against witchcraft. (pl.) well-formed, solid, firm; name of a tribe; amulets

Tamma, Tammat Ṭámma(h), pl. Ṭámmát (overwhelming) calamity, disaster. Qur’án 79:34

Tamtam Ṭamṭám Pers. middle of the sea

Tanasukh Tanásúkh succession; transmigration of souls, metempsychosis

Tang Tang (Pers.) narrow, strait; sad, anxious, distressed; strong; near, neighbouring; rare, scarce; numerous, many; half a load (as much as is carried upon one side); a package, *bundle, sack; an ass-load of sugar; a concealing, putting *out of sight; a strait, defile, mountain pass; anxiety, affliction; a horse-girth; a strap for fastening a load; the press of an oil-mill; a plain surface on which painters draw their first sketch

Tang-i-Qajar Tang-i-Qájár “Qájár squeeze”, a form of torture, DB 648

Tansikh Tansíkh Pers. causing to annul or abrogate; cancelling; abrogation; quashing

Tanta Ṭanṭá a city 85 km nnw of Cairo

Tanzih Tanzíh Pers. purifying, cleansing, keeping oneself at a distance from everything unclean; purity, holiness

Tanzil, Tanzilat Tanzíl, pl. Tanzílát sending down, bringing down; revelation, inspiration; reduction, diminution, lowering, lessening, decrease;—pl. reduction (of prices); subtraction (arithmetic); deduction, discount; inlaying, inlay work. Persian definition: sending anything down (especially as God does from heaven); causing (a traveller) to alight, lodging and treating him hospitably; revelation from heaven; the Qur’án.

Taqdir, Taqdirat, Taqadir Taqdír, pl. Taqdírát, Taqádír estimation, appraisal, assessment, taxation, rating; calculation, estimate, valuation; appreciation; esteem; assumption, surmise, supposition, proposition; implication of a missing syntactical part (grammar); (pl. Taqdírát) grading, evaluation (of achievement; school, university)

Taqdis Taqdís Pers. purifying, sanctifying, consecrating, calling holy; purity; sanctification, sanctity; magnification

Taqi Khan-i-Farahani Taqí Khán-i-Faráhání Taqí Khán-i-Faráhání, Mírzá Grand Vizier. Known as Amír Kabír (the Great Emir)

Taqi, Tuqawa’ Taqí, pl. Tuqáwa’ (possibly Pers.) religious, god-fearing man. “The virtuous, the pious one”

Taqiy, Atqiya’ Taqíy, pl. Atqiyá’ god fearing, godly, devout, pious

Taqiya, Taqiyah, Taqiyih Taqíya, Pers. Taqíyah, Taqíyyih fear, caution, prudence. In Shí‘ah Islám: dissembling—giving lip-denial of ones faith. Lying by omission. See Kitmán (Pers.)

Taqiy-i-Harati Taqíy-i-Harátí

Taqiy-i-Juvayni Taqíy-i-Juvayní

Taqiy-i-Kashani Taqíy-i-Káshání

Taqiy-i-Najafi Taqíy-i-Najafí

Taqizadih, Taqizadeh Taqízádih Siyyid Haṣan Taqízádih

Taqlid Taqlíd to follow, imitate, emulate, e.g. to follow a mujtahid in religious laws and commandment as he has derived them, that is, following the decisions of a religious expert without necessarily examining the scriptural basis or reasoning of that decision. Opposite of ijtihád.

Taqriz, Taqrizat, Taqariz Taqríẓ, pl. Taqríẓát, Taqáríẓ eulogy, encomium, panegyric

Taqwa Taqwá piety or fear (of God)

Taqwim, Taqawim Taqwím, pl. Taqáwím raising, setting up, erection; appraisal, assessment, estimation, rating, valuation; correction; rectification, amendment, reform, reformation, reorganization, reshaping, modification, adaption; land survey, surveying; geography; stocktaking; almanac; calendar; chronology

Tar Tár Pers. top, summit, vertex, pinnacle, head or higher part of anything; the warp of a web in the loom, i.e. the threads stretched lengthwise; the string of a musical instrument; a thread; a wire; a curl; dark, obscure; a bit, a piece; a species of palm tree from which an intoxicating liquor (toddy) is extracted. A village near Iṣfahán.

Tarabulus Ṭarábulus Tripoli (in Lebanon); Ṭarábulus al-Garb—Tripoli (in Libya)

Tarah Táraḥ Terah or Térach (Hebrew), Abraham’s father

Tarana (Taranih) Tarána (Taránih “song”) Pers. youth; modulation, voice, song, melody, symphony, harmony; a trill, quaver, shake; jest, sarcasm, bad temper; slyness, subtlety

Tarashshaha Tarashshaha root is rashsha, sprinkle. “water down”

Taraz, Tarazat Ṭaráz, pl. Ṭarázát that which adorns clothes, wonderful clothes [meaning clothes that are of high quality, expensive, and beautiful]. It also means method, style, adornment;—pl. ornaments. ‘Abdu’l-Bahá: “wonderful clothes” and “a well-known city”, a city in Turkistan. Refer to Lawḥ-i-Ṭarázát.

Tarazu’llah Ṭarázu’lláh Ornament of God

Tarbiya, Tarbiyat Tarbiya(t) education, upbringing; teaching, instruction; pedagogy; breeding, raising (of animals). Tarbíyat (tá’ marbúṭa ending) is used in Persian and when it is followed by another word in Arabic. Bahá’í Tarbíyat Schools in Ṭihrán (established: boys in 1898 and girls in 1909; closed 1934). Arabic root rabá

Tarbush, Tarabish Ṭarbúsh, pl. Ṭarábísh tarboosh, fez

Tarikhi Táríkhí historic(al). See root ta’ríkh

Tarikh-i-Jadid Táríkh-i-Jadíd Pers. New History of Mírzá ‘Alí Muḥammad the Báb, by Mírzá Ḥuseyn of Hamadán

Tariq, Turuq, Turuqat Ṭaríq (m. and f.), pl. Ṭuruq, Ṭuruqát way; road, highway; trail, track, path; method; especially the way taken by the mystic wayfarer (Ṣúfí) on the journey of spiritual enlightenment. One who strikes or knocks; one who arrives at night; one who divines.

Tariqa (Tariqat), Tara’iq, Turuq Ṭaríqa(t), pl. Ṭará’iq, Ṭuruq manner, mode, means; way, method, procedure; system; creed, faith, religion; (plural ṭaríqát & ṭuruq) religious brotherhood, dervish order. Path or stage of mystical learning and development—Ṣúfí)

Tarjuman-i-bi wujdan Tarjumán-i-bí wujdán Pers. “translators without substance”, those who have no sense of right and wrong, i.e. have no conscience.

Tarzi, Darzi, Tarziya Tarzí, Pers. Darzí, Ar. pl. Tarzíya tailor

Tasawwuf Taṣawwuf Islamic sect notable for its mystical teachings (“at-Taṣawwuf is truthfulness with Alláh; freedom and independence of the influence of temporal values; establishment of good relations with people”)

Tasawwur, Tasawwurat Taṣawwur, pl. Tasawwurát imagination (also philosophy), fancy, fantasy, idea; conception, concept (philosophy)

Tasbih, Tasbihat Tasbíḥ, pl. Tasbiḥát, Tasábíḥ glorification of God. Pers. using a rosary or chaplet for that purpose (95 bead rosary)

Tashbih Tashbíh comparison; allegory, simile, parable; ascription of human characteristics to God, anthropomorphization (of God, theology)

Tashburj Tashburj From Turkish? Taş “stone” + burj “tower”. Given as Dashborgh, “stone tower”, in Star of the West, xiii:12, p. 338.

Tashdid Tashdíd intensification, strengthening; (grammar) intensified pronunciation, germination, doubling (of a consonant); doubling sign over a consonant; pressure (on)

Tashkand Táshkand Tashkent, capital of Uzbekistan

Tashkhis Tashkhíṣ personification; exact designation, specification; identification; diagnosis; acting, performance (on stage), play(ing) (of an actor). Capable of distinguishing (right from wrong).

Tashri’ Tashrí‘ the process of legislation

Taslim Taslím (submission to the will of God or the valley of knowledge in The Seven Valleys)

Tasnim Tasním height, fullness, opulence, water of a heavenly fountain that is superior to the purest wine

Tasrih Taṣríḥ Pers. speaking openly; showing plainly; declaring; explanation; evidence, manifestation; narration

Tathlith Tathlíth doctrine of the Trinity; Trinity (Chr.); triangle

Tawakkul, Tavakkul Tawakkul, Pers. Tavakkul trust (reliance, mystical station in which the mystic has complete trust in God’s providence)

Tawalla Tawallá (for Tawallí) choosing (someone) as a friend, to offer allegiance to or recognize the spiritual authority of someone

Tawangar (Tavangar) Tawángar Pers. great, powerful; rich.

Tawbah (Taubah) Tawbah repentance, a mystical station defined by the will’s repudiation of immoral actions and tendencies. See Tába

Tawfiq (Taufiq) Tawfíq (Taufíq) conformation, adaptation, accommodation; balancing, adjustment, settlement; reconciliation, mediation, arbitration, peace-making, re-establishment of normal relations; success (granted by God), happy outcome, good fortune, good luck, prosperity, successfulness, succeeding (Mírzá Tofik)

Tawhid (Tauhid) Tawḥíd unification, union, combination, fusion; standardization, regularization; consolidation, amalgamation, merger; belief in the unity of God; profession of the unity of God; monotheism; (mysticism) mergence in the unity of the universe

Tawhid-i-Shuhudi Tawḥíd-i-Shuhúdí “unity of vision”. See Vaḥdatu’sh-shuhúd

Tawhid-i-vujudi Tawḥíd-i-Vujúdí “unity of existence”. See Vaḥdatu’l-Vujúd

Tawqi, Tawqi’at (Tauqi) Tawqí‘, pl. Tawqí‘at dropping; performance, consummation, execution; discharge, undertaking (of an act or action); infliction (of a punishment); entering, recording, registration;—(pl.) signature. Tawqí‘ is one of the six fonts of Persian-Arabic calligraphy that was often used in signatures, therefore they were called Tawqí‘ (Arabic for signature). The writing was mostly used for important documents and papers.

Tawqi’at-Mubarakih Tawqí‘át-Mubárakih “Blessed letters”

Tawr (Taur), Atwar Ṭawr, pl. Aṭwár one time (= French fois (time); state, condition; limit, bound; stage, degree; phase (also physics, especially electricity)

Tawrah (Taurah) Tawráh (Tauráh) Jewish Scripture (“Old Covenant”): 1. The Law (Torah, Tawráh, Pentateuch), 2. the Prophets (Nebiim, Nabiyín), 3. the Writings (Kethubim, Kutúb). Talmud is a body of oral exposition and the Mishna is a collection of traditions and discussions.

Tawwab, Tawwabun Tawwáb, pl. Tawwábún doing penance; repentant, penitent, contrite; forgiving, merciful (God)

Tayifih Ṭáyifih Pers. ‘a people’, ‘nation’, ‘tribe’

Taymur (Taimur), Timur (Timour) Taymúr, Tímúr Turkish iron; a proper name. Tímúr lang, Tímúr the lame, the famous Tamerlane.

Taymuri (Taimuri, Timuri, Teimuri) Taymúrí a sub-tribe of the Chahar Aimaq ethnic group in Afghanistan. Some live in Khurásán and around Mashhad.

Taymuy or Timur Taymúy Taymúy, Tímúr or Tamerlane

Tayy, Atwa’ Ṭayy, pl. Aṭwá’ concealment, biding;—pl. fold, pleat. Ṭayy—a large and ancient Arabian tribe.

Tayyar, Tayyat Tayyár, pl. Tayyárát flow, stream, course, current, flood; fall (of a stream); movement, tendency, trend; draft (of air)

Tayyib Ṭayyib good; pleasant, agreeable; delicious; gay; well-disposed, friendly, kindly; well, in good health

Tazayyun Tazayyun being adorned. See Tazyín

Tazkiya Tazkiya purification, chastening; pronouncement of someone’s integrity or credibility; attestation of (a witness’) honourable record (Isl. Law). Alludes to Tazkiyah al-Nafs (purification of the self)

Tazyin Tazyín adorning, decoration, ornamentation; make-believe, sham, pretence. See Zína

Templers The German Templer colony was established by German Protestants at the foot of Mount Carmel. The Templers settled at Haifa in the firm belief that the second coming of Jesus Christ would shortly occur on Mount Carmel. Their first members arrived in 1863 and the colony was established in 1868, the same year in which Bahá’u’lláh reached the Holy Land.

Tha Thá’ Arabic letter

Tha’labi Tha‘labí foxy, foxlike. Abú Isḥáq Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Ibráhím al-Th‘alabí was an 11th-century Islamic scholar of Persian origin and a foremost Kúfí grammarian. See Khátam

Thabit (‘Sabet’) Thábit (‘Sábet’) firm, fixed, established; stationary, immovable; steady, invariable, constant, stable; permanent, lasting, durable, enduring; confirmed, proven; a constant. Thábit or “Steadfast” is the name ‘Abdu’l-Bahá gave to Chas Thornton

Thabit al-Ja’sh Thábit al-Ja’sh undismayed, fearless, staunch, steadfast

Thabitin Thábitín the steadfast

Thabit-Rasikh Thábit-Rásikh

Thabit-Sarvistani Thábit-Sarvistání

Thalith al-Haramayn Thálith al-Ḥaramayn Third Holy Place (after Mecca and Medina), i.e. Jerusalem. (“Thalith al-Haramain”)

Thalith, Thalithan ath-Thálith the third; thálithan thirdly

Thamanun, Thamanin Thamánún, Pers. Thamánín eighty (ah 1280/ad 1863). See sittín.

Thamar, Thimar, Athmar Thamar, pl. Thimár, Athmár fruits, fruit (collective); result, effect, fruit, fruitage; yield, profit, benefit, gain. Thamarah/Thamarih Pers. fem.

Thamara, Thamarat Thamara, pl. Thamarát fruit; result, effect; yield, profit, benefit, gain

Thamud Thamúd said to be a descendent of Noah. Tribe of southern Arabia, successors to the people of ‘Ád.

Thana, Thany Thaná (Thany) to double, double up, fold, fold up, fold under (something); to bond, flex (something); to turn away, dissuade, keep, prevent, divert (someone from)

Thani man amana Thání man ámana “the second who believed”

Thani ath-Thání the second; the next; tániyan and tániyatan secondly; for the second time, once more, again. See root thaná

Thaqafi Thaqafí of the tribe of Thaqíf

Thaqal, Athqal Thaqal, dual Thaqalán, pl. Athqál load, baggage

Thaqalan ath-Thaqalán the humans and the jinn. These two are said to be burdened with responsibility, or, some say, with sin. Hence, Yúsuf ‘Alí in Qur’án 55:31 and Shoghi Effendi translates thaqalán as “both worlds”. Shoghi Effendi translated it as “twin weighty testimonies” in The Kitáb-i-Íqán, p. 201.

Thaqif Thaqíf sour; acute, intelligent (man); name of the father of a tribe

Thulth (“Suls”), Athlat Thulth, pl. Athlát one third; thuluth a sprawling, decorative calligraphic style

Thurayya, Thurayyah, Thurayyat Thurayyá, Thurayyah, pl. Thurayyát Pleiades;—pl. chandelier. Thurayyá Afnán—she is a cousin of Shoghi Effendi

Tibyan Tibyán exposition, demonstration, explanation, illustration

Tibyaniyan Tibyáníyán

Tiflis Tiflís modern Tbilisi (CB p. 171)

Tihran Ṭihrán capital of Iran

Tilasm, Tillasm, Tilasmat, Talasim Ṭilasm, Ṭillasm, pl. Ṭilasmát, Ṭalásim talisman, a seal, or the like, inscribed with mysterious words or characters; charm, magical combination of words;—(pl. ṭalásim) cryptic characters

Tilism, Tilsam, Tilismat, Talasim Ṭilism, Ṭilsam, pl. Ṭilismát, Ṭalásim Pers. a talisman, or magical image, upon which, under a certain horoscope, are engraved mystical characters, as charms against enchantment or fascination, or to prevent a treasure from being discovered; a secret mechanism; a fetter

Timthal Timthál, pl. Tamáthíl sculptured image; statue. timthál niṣfí bust. Pers. image, effigy, portrait, semblance

Tin Tín fig. “I swear by the Fig and by the olive, by Mount Sinai, and by this inviolate soil!” (Qur’an 95:1). The Arabic words for “fig” and “olive” are tín and zaytún, respectively. ‘Abdu’l-Bahá says that this verse is an allusion to the mountains Tíná and Zaitá, two hills in Jerusalem, which symbolize the reality of Christ and the reality of Muḥammad. See ‘Alí-Akbar Furútan, The Story of My Heart, p. 208.

Tina Tíná Mount Tíná (lit. Mount of Figs, Qur’án 95:1)

Tirmih (Termeh) Tirmih Pers. a type of Iranian hand-woven woollen (long fibre) cloth, produced primarily in Yazd province. Weaving Tirmih is a sensitive, careful, and time-consuming process; a good weaver may produce 250 to 300 mm in a day. The background colours are jujube (maroon) red, light red, green, orange and black.

Tishrin al-wwal, Tishrin ath-thani Tishrín al-wwal, Tishrín al-th-Thání October, and November respectively (Syr., Ir., Leb., Jord.). Alternative 1 Tishrín and 2 Tishrín. Child of the Covenant uses Tashrín(?) (Tashrin). Teşrín Turkish

Tiyyu’l-Ard Ṭiyyu’l-Arḍ miracle involving the immediate transfer of a human being from one part of the world to another very distant point. DB 207

Tizfahm Tízfahm (Pers.) of quick understanding (tíz+fahm)

Tours, Martel Battle of Tours & Charles Martel 10 October 732—also called the Battle of Poitiers and, by Arab sources, the Battle of the Palace of the Martyrs (Ma‘arakat Baláṭ ash-Shahádát)—was fought by Frankish and Burgundian forces under Charles Martel against an army of the Umayyad Caliphate led by 'Abdu’l Raḥmán al-al-Gháfiqí, Governor-General of al-Andalus (Spain). It was fought near the village of Moussais-la-Bataille, about 20 km northeast of Poitiers.

Tuba Ṭúbá blessedness, beatitude; Beatitude (title of honour of a patriarch; Christian)

Tubba’ Tubbá’ title or family name of the Ḥimyar kings in Yemen of the Hamadán tribe. Tobbaas—the Tobbaas of Saba’ (Seba), (ancient kings of Yemen in Hijáz, Arabia), Queen Bilqís (Sheba, Sabá‘)

Tufang Tufang Pers. musket

Tufangchi, Tufang-chi Tufangchi (or Tufang-Chí) Pers. musketeer, rifleman

Tughanni Tughanní singing; cooing; celebrating a mistress in song; being contented, able to do without. From ghiná’, singing, song.

Tuhfa, Tuhaf Tuḥfa(t), Tuḥaf a gift, present; an excellent, rare thing, worthy of being presented, rarity, curiosity, choice thing; title of many books, e.g. Tuḥfatuʼs-saláṭín, “Present for Kings”

Tuhfat al-Muluk Tuḥfat al-Mulúk The Gift offered to the Sovereigns or A Gift for Kings, written by Sayyid Ja‘far al-Kashfí, father of Sayyid Yaḥyá Darábí

Tulun Ṭúlún Aḥmad ibn Ṭúlún

Tuman Túmán Pers. (toman) a myriad, lit. 10,000; gold coin. Nineteenth century Persian currency, but modern prices are given as rials and tomans at the rate of 10 rials to a toman.

Tumban Tumbán Pers. short breeches; drawers; wrestlersʼ leathern breeches

Tunukaban, Tanukaban (Tonekabon) Tunukábán (or Tanukában) city on the south coast of the Caspian Sea, formerly known as Shahsavár, in and the capital of Tanukában County, Mazandaran Province, northern Iran.

Tunukabani Tunukábání Sulymán Khán-i-Tunukábání. Surnamed by Bahá’u’lláh as Jamálu’d-Dín and usually referred to as Jamál Effendi.

Tupakchi (Tupchi) Túpakchí (Túpchí) Pers. Derived from Túpak (musket) and -chi (7th Pers. letter) (for -chih) (what, which) to give Túpakchí (musketeer or gunner) (e.g. Mahmúd Effendi Toupjee)

Tuqa Tuqá piety, the fear of God

Tuqat, Toqat Túqát city in and the capital of Túqát county in Turkey, 100 km sse of Samsun

Tur, Atwar Ṭúr, pl. Aṭwár mountain. Ṭúr al-Sínín (Mount Sinai) is also known as Jabal Músá (Mountain of Moses).

Turab, Atriba, Tirban Turáb, pl. Atriba, Tirbán dust, earth, dirt; ground, soil

Turab-i-Ishtihardi Turáb-i-Ishtihárdi

Turan Túrán (Pers.) Turkomania, Turkistán, Transoxania, so named from Túr, eldest son of Farídún, to whom his father gave it for an inheritance

Turan-Shah Túrán-Sháh

Turba Turba(t) earth, ground; a grave; a tomb; a mausoleum

Turbat-i-Haydariyyih Turbat-i-Ḥaydaríyyih (Torbat-e Heydarieh, Torbat-e Heydari, Turbat-i-Haidari and Turbet-i-Haidari). A city in and capital of Torbat-e Heydarieh County, in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. Turbat means burial place, thus the name of the city means Burial Place of Ḥaydar (Quṭb ad-Dín Ḥaydar) a sufi mystic whose tomb lies in the heart of the city. In ancient times this city was known as Závih (Záwa). This city is famous for its high quality za‘farán (saffron).

Turjuman, Tarajima, Tarajim Turjumán, pl. Tarájima, Tarájim Ar. translator, interpreter

Turjuman, Tarjaman, Tarjuman Turjumán, Tarjamán, Tarjumán Pers. an interpreter, translator; a mulct, a fine; (met.) a gift, a present (as an interpreter of good feeling).

Turkistan Turkistán Pers. Turkestan. “Land of the Turks”, refers to an area in Central Asia between Siberia to the north and Tibet, India and Afghanistan to the south, the Caspian Sea to the west and the Gobi Desert to the east.

Turkumanchay Turkumancháy Torkamanchay (Azerbaijani: Türkmənçay); is a city in and the capital of Torkamanchay District, in Mianeh County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. The city is well known for the Treaty of Turkmenchay of 1828 that concluded the Russo-Persian War (1826–28).

Turshiz Turshíz Pers. Torshiz, is the ancient name of Káshmar, 70 km west of Turbat-i-Ḥaydaríyyih

Turshizi Turshízí from Turshíz. e.g. Mullá Shaykh-‘Aliy-i-Turshízí and Áqá Siyyid Ḥusayn-i-Turshízí

Tus Ṭúsa ancient city on north side of Mashhad. Greek name Susia. Now known as Tous.

Tustari Tústarí Imám Abú Muḥammad Sahl ibn ‘Abd Alláh al-Tústarí (ah 203–283). Persian Muslim scholar and early classical Sufi mystic born in Shúshtar (Shústar).

Tut Tút mulberry tree; mulberry; the first month of the Coptic calendar

Tutunjiyya, Tutunjiyyih Ṭutunjíyya, Pers. Ṭutunjíyyih (also Ṭatanjíyya, Ṭatanjíyyih) loosely described as “gulf”. Etymology, spelling and meaning of this word are unknown. See entries for Khalíj, Khuṭbat aṭ-Ṭutunjíyya and Sharḥ-i-Khuṭbiy-i-Ṭutunjíyyih